Skip to main content

Full text of "German posters in Belgium, their value as evidence, new texts and documents;"

See other formats 


D 


UC-NRLF 


i 


B   M   SD5   7m 


^ 


GERMAN 
POSTERS 

IN  BELGIUM 

Their   Value   as   Evidence 


New    Texts    and     Documents 
with  a  Foreword  to  the  Reader 

By 

HENRI    DAVIGNON 


THOMAS    NELSON    &  SONS,    LTD.. 

35  &  36   PATERNOSTER  ROW,  LONDON,  B.C.4. 

EDINBURGH.       NEW  YORK.      PARIS. 

1918 

PrU€  One  Shilling  Net, 


GERMAN    POSTERS 
IN   BELGIUM 

THEIR   VALUE   AS    EVIDENCE 

NEW  TEXTS  AND  DOCUMENTS 

With  a  Foreword  to  the  Reader  by 
HENRI  DAVIGNON 


!Dieses  Haus  ist 
zu  Schiitzen 

Es  isl  streng  verbolen,  ohne 
GeneimHgung  (ier  Komman-  \ 
(laiitui',  Hauser  zu  belreten 
oflep  in  Brand  zusetzen. 

^^^    Kaiserliches  Oarnison^Konmiando, 

Itmia-tarMaiMiJMMiMilSMMiri  i^nilirt.  iMifiii  iiiii    i»ifiiii      f«i.-. — .  — — —  - —   —  ■ 


THOMAS  NELSON  &  SONS,  LTD., 

35  &  36  PATERNOSTER  ROW,  LONDON.  E.C.4. 

EDINBURGH.     NEW  YORK      PARIS. 


3  Y>  \- 


1 


^    i^^^Ss-Sf: 


CONTENTS 

FOREWORD    - vu 

THE    INVASION    AND    FALSE    PROMISES. 

German  Promises  and  "Regrets"     -        -        -        -  3 
How  THE  Belgian  Army  "Did  its  Duty."    German 

EVIDENXE 5 

How  THE  Belgians  were  Asked  to  Behave      -         -  7 

The  So-called  "Francs-tireurs"  of  Dixant    -         -  13 

How  the  Inhabitants  of  Brussels  Remain  Worthy 

of  their  Burgomaster.    German  Testimony       -  15 

How  Von  der  Goltz'  Promises  were  Carried  Out  -  17 

The  "Interpretation"  of  a  German  Promise  -         -  21 

A  Topical  Sermon  by  Cardinal  Mercier  -         -         -  23 

THE    ATROCITIES    AT    ANDENNE. 

Indictment  by  the  Bishop  of  Namur        -         -         -  27 

The  Truthfulness  of  the  Reports  of  the  Belgian 
Commission    of    Inquiry    Demonstrated    by    a 

German  Poster 29 

The  German  "Inquiries"  at  Andenne      -         -         -  32 

Famine  after  Massacre     ------  35 

Massacre  and  Looting  are  Succeeded  by  a  Policy 

OF  Demoralisation      - 37 

Statistics  of  Civilian  Massacres  in  Belgium    -        -  39 

How  the  Landsturm  Amused  Themselves         -        -  41 

The  Bridge  of  Andenne  and  the  Reason  for  the 

Massacres   - 43 

A  Rival  for  Commandant  Becker  at  Namur    -        -  45 

Effects  of  the  Reign  of  Terror      -        -        -        -  47 

A  Real  German  Inquiry  at  Huy      -         -         -        -  49 

Two  AND  A  Half  Years  Later          -        -        -        -  51 

iii 


381506 


iv  CONTENTS 

Pag$ 

THE  REIGN  OF  TERROR  AND  OF  ARBITRARY 
MEASURES. 
Collective    Responsibility  :     The    Treatment    of 

Hostages 55 

Arbitrary   Measures   Authorised   by   the   German 

Superior  Command 57 

Arbitrary  Justice  and  the  Death  Penalty  -  -  59 
How  the  Germans  Treat  an  Open  Town  -        -      61 

Collective    Responsibility  :      Fines,     Deportation, 

Incendiarism 63 

Belgium  a  Prison 65 

Collective  Responsibility  of  Communes  -  -  -  67 
The  Civil  Population  made  Responsible  for  Military 

Operations -        -        -69 

Appeals  to  Informers 71 

Patriotism  of  Families  Punished  as  a  Crime  -  -  73 
Belgian  Patriotism  Does  Not  Fear  Death  -  -  75 
The  Reply  of  the  Young  Belgians  -        -        -      77 

The  "Deportation"   to  Germany  of  the   Deposits 

OF  the  Banque  Nationale  -        -        -        •        .      81 

THE  CAMPAIGN  OF  LIES  DESIGNED  TO  SAP  THE 
NATIONAL  MORAL. 

How  the  Germans  Suppress  the  Truth  :    The  De- 
portation OF  Burgomaster  Max  -        -        -      85 

Fate  of  a  Belgian  Newspaper  Subjected  to  German 

Censorship  ---  8y 

An  Imperial  Slander  and  its  Effect       -        -        -      89 

The  Aim  of  the  "News  Published  by  the  German 

Government" 91 

A  German  Account  of  the  Battle  of  the  Marne     -      93 

The    Germans    "Explain"    the    Bombardment    of 

Rheims  Cathedral 95 

How  the  Germans  Described  the  Battle  of  the  Yser  98 

A  REGIME  OF  Lies loi 

A  German  Version  of  the  Battle  of  Ypres    -        -  103 

A  Scrap  of  Paper 105 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 


THE    INVASION   AND    FALSE    PROMISES. 


Pag* 


Proclamation  by  General  von  Emmich  (August  4th, 

1914) 2 

Proclamation  by  General  Leman  (August  4th,  1914)  -  4 
Notice  by  the  Burgomaster  of  Liege  (August  5th, 

1914; -•        -        _        .        6 

Proclamation    by    the    Burgomaster    of    Dinant 

(August  3rd,  1914) 12 

Proclamation  by  Burgomaster  Max  (August,  1914)  -  14 
Proclamation    by    Field-Marshal    Baron    von    der 

GoLTZ  (September  2nd,  1914)         -         -         -         -      16 

Notice     by      Baron      von      Luttwitz      (September 

i6th,  1914) 20 

Notice  by  Lieutenant-General  Hurt  (July  12th,  1916)      22 

THE    ATROCITIES    AT   ANDENNE. 

Proclamation  by  General  von  Bulow  (August  22nd, 

1914) 26 

Poster  Published  by  Order  (August  21st,  1914)        -      28 

Proclamation  by  the  Military  Commander  (August 

22nd,  1914)  -- 30 

Food   Notice   Issued   by  the  Military  Commander 

(August  23rd,  1914)       ------      34 

Notice  by  Major  Scheunemann,  announcing  a  French 

Defeat  (August  23rd,  1914)    -----      36 

Letter  from  "La  Maison  des  Ouvriers  Andennais" 

(August  24th,  1 9 15)       -         -        -         -         -        -  38 

Proclamation  by  Captain  Schultze  (August  25th,  1914)  40 

Captain  Schultze's  Farewell   (August  28th,  1914)  -  42 

Proclamation  by  Captain  Becker  (August  29th,  1914)  44 
Proclamation  Issued  by  the  Provisional  Communal 

Administration  (August  30th,  1914)      -        -        -  46 

Proclamation  by  Captain  Becker  (undated)  -  -  48 
Census  Notice  Published  by  Order  of  the  Military 

Authorities  (October  2nd,  1914)  -        -        -        -  5® 

v 


vi  LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 

THE    REIGN    OF    TERROR    AND    OF    ARBITRARY 
MEASURES. 
Appeal  by  the  Provisional  Communal  Authorities 

OF  LouvAiN  (October  4th,  1914)  -         -         -       54 

Extract  from  an  Order  of  the  Day  of  the  24TH 

German  Reserve  Division  (August  23rd,  1914)    -      56 

Notice  by  Sergeant  Hamich  at  Mont-Saint-Guibert 

(October  5th,  1914)         ------       58 

Proclamation  by  General  von  Beseler  at  Antwerp 

(October  loth,  1914)      -         -         -         -         -         -       60 

Notice  by  the  Kommandantur  at  Deynze  (November 

2nd,  1914)     -*        -         -         -         -.        -         -         -       62 

Notice  by  Baron  von  Luttwitz  at  Brussels  (Septem- 
ber 13th,  1914)      -         - 64 

Proclamation  by  Baron  von  der  Goltz  (September 

25th,  1914)   - 66 

Notice  by  Baron  von  der  Goltz  (September  30th,  1914)       68 

Notice  by  the  German  Military  Administration  at 

MoNS  (November  i6th,  1914)  -         -         -         -       70 

Notice  by  Baron  von  der  Goltz  (October  7th,  1914)    -      72 

Notice  by  Baron  von  Bissing  (January  26th,  1915)      -      74 

Notice  by  the  German  Governor  of  Brussels  (April, 

1915)    -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -      76 

Notice  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Bleyhoffer  at  St. 

Trond  (September  6th,  1914)         -         -         -         -      78 
Order  by  Baron  von  der  Goltz  (October  3rd,  1914)       7S 

THE  CAMFAIGN  OF  LIES  DESIGNED  TO  SAP  THE 
NATIONAL  MORAL. 

Denial  by  Burgomaster  Max  (August  30th,  1914)      -  84 

Notice  suspending  the  Paper  "L'Ami  de  l'Ordre" 

(end^November,  1914)   ------  86 

War  News  Published  by  the  German  Government — 

The  Kaiser's  Telegram  to  President  Wilson     -  88 

Specimen  of  War  News       -         -         -         -         -  90 

A  "Taube"  over  Paris       -        -        -        -        -  92 

The  Equipment  of  the  English  Army         -         -  94 

The  Capture  of  Antwerp  -----  96 

The  Fortresses  of  Toul  and  Verdun         -        -  100 

The  "Love-Gifts"  of  the  German  Soldier          -  102 

Proclamation  by  Order  at  Lokeren    (October    24th, 

1914)    -         .         .                 -----  104 


FOREWORD 


THE  collection  of  texts  and  documents  which  we  published 
in  June,  1915,  under  the  title  of  Belgium  and  Germany, 
was  well  received  by  unprejudiced  people  in  all  countries. 
Photographic  evidence  is  irresistible.  We  were  struck  with 
the  attention  paid  to  the  German  posters  which  we  had  been 
able  to  collect,  and  of  which  we  reproduced  the  most  important. 
Better  even  than  the  works  of  the  German  war  theorists  or 
the  diaries  of  officers  and  soldiers,  these  placards  of  the  authori- 
ties show  up  the  system  of  false  promises,  lying  statements, 
and  terrorism  which  characterised  the  invasion  and  occupation 
of  Belgian  territory.  By  such  documents  the  responsibility  of 
Germany  is  more  directly  involved.  Orders,  notices,  official 
inquiries,  are  irrefutable  witnesses  whose  voices  cannot  be 
stifled.  To-day  the  walls  of  the  towns  and  villages  of  Belgium 
repeat  their  evidence,  and  even  when  the  weather  has  partially 
destroyed  it,  the  torn  remains  are  still  sufficient  to  uphold  the 
accusation. 

While  awaiting  the  pubHcation  of  a  complete  collection,  it 
may  be  useful  to  reproduce  some  photographs  of  these  docu- 
ments, so  as  to  confirm  and  extend  the  impression  made  by 
the  former  pubHcation. 

Our  readers  will  find  here,  grouped  in  four  sections,  about 
fifty  posters,  but  few  of  which  have  yet  been  pubhshed.  They 
were  all  posted  up  in  Belgium  during  the  first  year  of  the  war. 
They  need  no  comment.  It  is  well,  however,  to  remember 
that  they  are  simply  specimens  of  the  German  "manner." 
By  way  of  contrast,  and  to  bring  a  httle  pure  air  into  the 
noxious  atmosphere  of  lying  and  cruelty  which  they  create, 
we  have  introduced  here  and  there  a  few  Belgian  posters  which 
bear  the  stamp  of  purest  patriotism  and  the  most  splendid 
energy.     One  must  not  confuse  these  posters,  signed  "Leman" 

vii 


viii  FOREWORD 

or  "Max,"  with  others  beneath  which  appear  the  names  of 
some  officials  of  Belgian  communes  obtained  under  God  knows 
what  threats.    These  last  are  purely  German  posters. 

A  perusal  of  this  coUectiun*  will  serve  to  illustrate  the 
methods  of  the  barbaric  invader. 

They  range  from  fallacious  promises  to  the  most  deUberate 
slander,  uassing  through  the  whole  gamut  of  cynicism  and 
arbitrary  violence. 

At  the  moment  when  the  German  Army  crossed  the  frontier 
von  Emmich  issued  a  proclamation — evidently  prepared  long 
before — which  is  contradicted  by  the  terms  of  che  ultimatum, 
the  proclamation  of  von  Biilow  and  the  Wolff  communique. 
Immediately  after  he  installed  himself  at  Brussels,  Marshal 
von  der  Goltz  gave  formal  assurances  to  the  population,  to 
which  the  deportations  of  to-day  form  an  appalling  contrast. 
At  Deynze,  at  Mons,  and  especially  at  Andenne,  collective 
reprisals,  "preventive"  massacres,  and  the  taking  of  hostages, 
who  were  condemned  in  advance,  are  clearly  substantiated. 
The  whole  collection  of  German  posters  at  Andenne  offers  a 
complete  picture  of  the  reign  of  terror  following  on  assassination. 

But  perhaps  the  arbitrary  and  vexatious  conduct  of  the 
miUtary  occupation  in  Belgium  is  shown  up  even  better  by 
those  posters  which  consist  of  orders  relating  to  civiUans, 
holding  them  responsible  for  the  movements  of  the  Army, 
punishing  parents  for  the  patriotism  of  their  sons,  and  offering 
direct  incentives  to  denunciation.  On  the  other  hand,  nothing 
is  more  characteristic  of  German  procedure  than  the  false  news 
posted  on  the  walls,  in  the  childish  hope  of  demoralising  and 
disheartening  the  population. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  effect  was  quite  the  reverse  of 
that  desired.  These  moral  manoeuvres  had  no  more  success 
in  Belgimn  than  terrorism.  In  spite  of  the  blood  and  tears 
and  destruction  which  they  involved,  all  the  former  measures 
seem  insignificant  in  comparison  with  the  wholesale  deporta- 
tions of  able-bodied  men,  the  last  resource  of  German  power 

•  opposite  these  photographs  we  have  given  a  series  of  German  and  Belgian 
documents.     The  juxtaposition  tells  its  own  story. 


FOREWORD  ix 

which  has  failed  in  the  attempt  to  seduce  their  souls.  Humanity, 
even  it  tempted  to  doubt  the  stories  of  German  barbarism  in 
Belgium,  is  obliged  to  accept  the  evidence  supplied  by  the 
measures  in  force  to-day  in  our  unhappy  country. 

In  tiiming  over  the  pages  of  this  collection,  the  reader  will 
conclude  that  a  people  capable  of  resisting  the  trials  of  which 
these  placards  are  only  a  partial  illustration  will  rise  superior 
to  the  new  sufferings  by  which  its  tormentor  seeks  to  over- 
whelm it.  But  there  is  another  conclusion  which  forces  itself 
on  those  who  watch  the  fate  of  our  country  with  horror  and 
pity.  It  is  impossible  that  any  one  should  remain  indifferent 
to  this  crime.  No  one  has  the  right  to  say  that,  as  far  as 
Belgium  is  concerned,  any  peace  can  be  thought  of  which 
does  not  exact  a  material  and  moral  reparation  proportionate 
to  the  responsibihty  of  the  guilty  and  to  the  martyrdom  of 

the  innocent  victim. 

Henri  Davignon. 


P.S. — Most  of  these  posters  have  been  lent  to  us  by  Monsieur 
Jean  Massart,  Professor  at  the  University  of  Brussels  and  author 
of  a  remarkable  work  on  occupied  Belgium,  entitled  Belgians  under 
the  German  Eagle.     He  possesses  the  originals. 

I  am  also  deeply  indebted  to  Monsieur  L^on  van  der  Essen, 
Professor  at  the  University  of  Louvain  and  author  of  The  Invasion 
and  the  War  in  Belgium,  from  Liige  to  the  Yser,  for  having  kindly 
chosen  and  verified  the  documents  quoted  in  this  book. 

H.D. 


I. 


THE    INVASION    AND    FALSE 
PROMISES 


PROCLAVATlOlN     DISTRIBUTED     BY     GENERAL     VON     EMMICH'S 

TROOPS     AND      POSTED      UP     IN     THE     FRONTIER     COMMUNES 

ON  AUGUST   4TH.    1914. 

An  Peuple  Beige! 


C'est  i  mon  plus  grand  regret  que  les  troupes  AlienaMlM  se  vsieiit  forUt9  i$ 
f^anchir  ia  frontiers  de  la  Belgique.  EUes  agissent  sous  la  contrainte  (funt  nteessitt  ia- 
ivitable  ia  neutrality  de  la  Belgique  ayant  tft  d6j&  vioi6e  par  des  Mders  frau^  qi^ 
sous  un  d^guisement,  aient  traverse  la  terrjtiilre  beige  en  automoUff  pour^  pMMrer  ca 
Allem^ne. 

Bel  net!  C'est  notn  plus  grand  dftsir  qu'il  |  ait  encors  ■oyn  ifftiitir  un  eonfit  ntn  km 
peuplsi  qui  ^talent  amii  jusqu  i  present,  jadii  i)6me  alli^i.    Eouieiez  von  du  glorta  jov  ds 
Waterloo  ou  citaient  lei  armes  alleiniiidei  qui  oit  contrlbu^  ii  fonder  et  6tablir  I'liirifipwdince  it'll 
prosp^rit^  de  voire  patrie. 

Mais  it  nous  fautlecbeminlibre.  Des  destructions  deponts,  de  tunneb,  de  voles 
ferries  devront  etre  regard^es  comme  des  actions  hostiles.  Beiges,  vous  am  h  eboisir, 

Jespire  done  que  TArm^e  allemande  de  la  ffleuse  ne  sera  pas  contrainte  deious 
combattre.  Un  cbemin  libra  pour  attaquer  celui  qui  vouiait  nous  attai|uftr,  c'est  toot  ee 
que  nous  d^sirons. 

Je  donne  des  garantles  formelles  k  la  populatlei^  beige  qu'elie 
n'aura  rien  a  souffrir  des  horreurs  de  la  guerre;  que  nous  payerons  en 

or  monnaye  les  vivres  qu1l  faudra  prendre  du  pays;  que  nes  soMali  ^ 
mentreroAt  las  meillettrs  amis  dm  peuple  pour  leqoel  nous  eprouions  la ptusliaute  esflme, 
la  plt»  grande  sjmpathie. 

C'est  de  votre  sagesse  et  d'un  patrletlsme 
blen  compris  qu'll  depend  d'Avlter  A  voire 
pays  les  horreurs  de  la  guerroi 

Le  GAi&*al  Coamaiidairt  en  Chef  rArmte  ie  ii  leiee 
von  Emenich. 

It  will  be  noticed  thai,  cU  the  very  time  this  proclamation  was  distributed, 
civilians  had  already  been  killed  near  Verviers  and  at  Herve.  The  proclamation 
had  been  prepared  long  before,  and  the  reply  of  Belgium  to  the  ultimatum  of 
August  2nd  was  not  foreseen. 


GERMAN  PROMISES    AND  "  REGRETS." 

PROCLAMATION   BY   GENERAL  VON   BULOW. 

'•To  the  Belgian  Nation! 

"We  have  been  obliged  to  enter  Belgian  territory  in  order  to  safeguard 
the  interests  of  our  national  defence. 

"We  are  fighting  the  Belgian  Army  solely  in  order  to  force  a  passage 
into  France,  which  your  Government  wrongly  refused  us,  although  it 
tolerated  a  French  mihtary  reconnaissance,  a  fact  of  which  your  newspapers 
have  kept  you  in  ignorance. 

"The  peaceful  population  of  Belgium  is  not  our  enemy;  on  the 
contrary,  and  we  will  treat  it  with  understanding  for  its  susceptibilities 
and  with  kindness,  provided  that,  by  its  acts,  it  gives  proof  of  its 
peaceful  sentiments.  But  we  will  deal  severely  with  any  attempt  on  the 
part  of  the  population  to  offer  resistance  to  the  German  troops,  or  to  do  injury 
to  our  mihtary  interests. 

"Given   at   Montjoie,   August  9th,    1914. 

"  The  General  Commanding-in-Chief  the  2nd  Army, 

•'VON  BULOW." 

{6th  Reports  of  the  Belgian  Commission  of  Inquiry.) 

"The  German  Government  most  deeply  regrets  that  the  Belgian 
Government's  attitude  towards  Germany  has  led  to  encounters  involving 
bloodshed.  Germany  is  not  coming  as  an  enemy  into  Belgium.  .  .  .  The 
German  Government  is  ready  for  any  agreement  with  Belgium  which  is  in 
any  way  compatible  with  the  measures  it  has  been  compelled  to  adopt  against 
France.  Germany  gives  once  more  her  solemn  assurance  that  she  has  not  been 
animated  by  the  intention  of  appropriating  Belgian  territory  for  herself,  and 
that  such  an  intention  is  far  from  her  thoughts." 

{Extract  from  the  peace  offer  made  to  Belgium  on  August  9th,  1914. — 
First  Belgian  Grey  Book,  No.  62.) 


TRANSLATION. 

TO  THE  BELGIAN  NATION! 

"I  feel  the  greatest  regret  that  the  German  troops  find  themselves  obliged 
to  cross  the  frontier  of  Belgium.  They  act  according  to  the  dictates  of 
inevitable  necessity,  Belgian  neutrality  having  been  already  violated  by 
disguised  French  officers  who  crossed  the  Belgian  territory  in  a  motor  car 
in  order  to  penetrate  into  Germany. 

' '  Belgians  !  It  is  our  greatest  wish  that  means  may  still  be  found  to 
avoid  war  between  two  peoples  which  up  to  the  present  time  have  been  friends, 
and  formerly  even  alUes.  Remember  the  glorious  day  of  Waterloo,  when 
German  arms  contributed  to  found  and  estabUsh  the  independence  and 
prosperity  of  your  country. 

"But  we  must  have  free  passage.  The  destruction  of  bridges,  tunnels 
and  railway  lines  will  have  to  be  regarded  as  hostile  acts. 

"Belgians,  you  must  make  your  choice. 

"I  hope  that  the  army  of  the  Meuse  will  not  be  obhged  to  fight  you.  A 
free  passage  to  attack  those  who  wished  to  attack  us  is  all  we  ask. 

"I  give  formal  guarantees  to  the  Belgian  population  that  it  will  not  have 
to  suffer  any  of  the  horrors  of  war  ;  that  we  will  pay  in  gold  for  the  food  it  will 
be  necessary  to  take  in  the  country  ;  that  our  soldiers  will  show  themselves 
the  best  friends  of  a  people  for  whom  we  feel  the  highest  esteem  and  the 
greatest  sympathy. 

"It  depends  upon  your  wisdom  and  understanding  patriotism  to  avoid 
for  your  country  the  horrors  of  war. 

"The  General  Commanding-in-Chief, 
"  The  Army  of  the  Meuse, 

"  VON  EMincH." 


PROCLAMATION    BY    GENERAL    LEMAN    AFTER   THE    VIOLATION 
OF  THE   FRONTIER   BY   THE   GERMANS.— AUGUST  4TH,   1914. 


AUX  HABITANTS 


DU 


PAYS  DE  LEGE 


La  grande  Allemagne  envahit  noire  lerritoire  apres 
lin  ultimatDm  qni  constitue  on  ootrage. 

La  petite  Belgique  a  releve  fi^rement  le  ganl 

L'armee  va  faire  son  devoir ! 

La  popnlation  dn  pays  de  Li6ge  accomplira  le  sien  ! 

Anssj  ne  cessera-t-elle  de  donner  I'exemple  du  calme 
et  du  respect  anx  lois. 

Son  ardent  patriotisme  en  ripond. 

Vive  le  Roi,  commandant  en  chef  de  l'armee ! 

Vive  la  Belgiqne ! 

Le  Lieuten&nt-GAndral 
Gouvemeur  Militaire  de  Li^ge, 

LEMAN. 

Li6ge,  le  4  Aoat  1914. 

LiAge.  -  laprUnMl*  LA  MEnSE- 


The  character  of  the  gallant  defender  of  Liege  is  well  illustrated  by  the  dignity 
and  reticence  of  this  proclamation. 


HOW    THE    BELGIAN    ARMY   "DID    ITS    DUTY." 

GERMAN   EVIDENCE. 

"The  fortress  of  Li^ge  has  been  taken  by  assault  after  a  brave 
defence.  ... 

"Now  that  the  Belgian  Army  has  upheld  the  honour  of  its 

arms  in  the  most  briUiant  manner  by  its  heroic  resistance  to  a  very 

superior  force,  the  German  Government  beg  the  King  of  the  Belgians 

and  the  Belgian  Government  to  spare  Belgium  the  horrors  of  war." 

[Extract  from  the  peace  offer  made  to  Belgium  on 

August  gth,  1914.) 

"Whoever  asserts  that  the  Belgian  soldier  is  a  coward  has 
never  iearnt  to  know  him.  The  Belgians  know  very  well  that  they 
can  do  nothing  against  us,  and  that  they  can  expect  no  reinforce- 
ments. They  defend  themselves,  nevertheless,  with  such  spirit 
that  we  only  succeed  very  rarely  in  dislodging  them  from  what 
they  hold,  and  then  at  the  cost  of  the  greatest  sacrifices.  We 
thought,  at  the  beginning,  to  make  but  one  mouthful  of  them,  but 
we  must  face  the  facts  ;   we  have  not  finished  with  them  yet." 

{Extract  from  a  diary  of  a  soldier  of  the  48/A  German  Regiment 
of  Infantry  of  the  Reserve,  taken  prisoner  at  Elewijt  in  September,  1914.) 


TRANSLATION. 

TO  THE  INHABITANTS  OF  THE  DISTRICT 
OF  LIEGE. 

"Powerful  Germany  invades  our  territory  after  an  ultimatum 
which  is  tantamount  to  an  outrage. 

"Little  Belgium  has  proudly  picked  up  the  gauntlet. 

"The  Army  will  do  its  duty  ! 

"The  population  of  Li6ge  will  also  fulfil  theirs  ! 

"They  will  not  cease  to  give  an  example  of  calm  and  respect 
for  law. 

"Their  fervent  patriotism  is  a  guarantee  of  this. 

"Long  live  the  King,  Commander  and  General  of  the  Army! 

"Long  live  Belgium! 

"Leman, 

"  Lieutenant-General.  Governor  of  Li^e. 

"Lidge,  August  4ih,  1914-" 

5 


NOTICE    BY    THE   BURGOMASTER    OF    LifiGE    TO    HIS   FELLOW- 
CITIZENS  CONCERNING  THEIR  DUTIES  IN  THE  EVENT  OF  WAR. 

VILLE  DE  LIEGE 


Li^ge,  le  5  AoAt  1914. 

LE   BOURGMESTRE   A   SES   CONCITOYENS, 


Je crois  utile  de  vous  communiquer  ci-aprto  le  texte  dune  circulaire  que  je  viens  de  rece- 
voir  de  M.  le  Ministre  de  I'lnWrieur.  et  qui  rtgle  les  droits  et  les  devpirs  des  habitants  en 
cas  d'occupation  6trang6re 

J'attire  toute  votre  attention  sur  les  indications  contenues  dans  oe  document,  qui  vous 
servira  eventuellement  de  guide  si  le  malheur  voulait  que  notre  ville  Itit  occup6e  par 
Varmto  envahissante. 

Le  Bourgmestre, 


6.  KLETER 


CIRCULAIRE  AUX  AUTORTItS  COMMUNALES 


^lES^ 


tim,  uuvEt. 


The  circular  of  M.  Berryer,  Minister  of  the  Interior,  was  sent  on  August  ^th 
to  all  the  communes  of  the  kingdom. 


TRANSLATION. 


TOWN    OF  LILGE. 


"  Liige,  August  <^th,  1914. 

"THE    BURGOMASTER    TO    HIS    FELLOW-CITIZENS. 

"I  consider  that  it  is  fitting  to  communicate  to  you  herewith 
the  text  of  a  circular  that  I  have  just  received  from  the  Minister 
of  the  Interior,  in  which  he  lays  down  the  rights  and  duties  of  the 
inhabitants  in  case  of  a  foreign  occupation. 

"  I  call  your  earnest  attention  to  the  instructions  contained  in 
this  circular,  which  will  serve  as  a  guide  for  your  conduct  in  case  our 
town  is  unfortunately  occupied  by  the  invading  army. 

"Burgomaster  G.  Kleyer." 


Order  sent  on  August  4th,    1914,  by  the  Minister  of  the 
Interior   of   Belgium   to   the  Communal  Authorities. 

Brussels, 

August  4th,  1914. 
"Gentlemen, 

"The  German  Army  has  invaded  this  country  in  violation  of  the  treaties 
guaranteeing  our  neutrality, 

"The  Belgian  Government  has  decided  to  fulfil  the  obligations  which  it 
has  undertaken  on  its  own  part  in  those  treaties.  From  the  present  moment 
it  is  making  preparations  to  use  all  the  means  at  its  disposal. 

"In  fulfilling  this  undertaking  with  the  aid  of  the  Army,  it  feels  certain 
that  all  Belgians,  who  are  so  profoundly  attached  to  their  own  country,  to 
their  independence  and  to  their  King,  who  in  his  own  person  represents  them, 
will  gather  round  him  and  afford  him  their  most  devoted  assistance. 

"In  the  circumstances  which  have  actually  occurred  the  communal 
authorities  will  have  a  task  which  will  sometimes  be  difficult,  but  always  one 
of  importance. 

"According  to  the  laws  of  war,  these  authorities  are  not  Hke  political 
officials,  who  are  compelled  by  the  presence  of  hostile  armies  to  withdraw  from 
the  country  in  most  cases.  The  communal  authorities,  on  the  contrary, 
will  continue  to  remain  in  their  homes  and  to  exercise  their  official  duties  for 
the  benefit  of  the  inhabitants.  They  will  only  rehnquish  these  duties  if  the 
invader  should  attempt  to  impose  actions  upon  them  which  would  be  in  direct 
opposition  to  their  duties  of  loyalty  to  their  I^ng  and  country. 

"The  hostile  invasion  will  cause  disturbance  and  disorder  among  the 
people.  The  first  care  of  the  communal  authorities  will  be  to  instruct  those 
under  them  in  the  duties  of  all  towards  their  country,  and  in  the  way  in  which 
they  will  have  to  behave  when  faced  by  the  invading  army. 

"This  is  the  object  of  the  present  order. 

"So  long  as  the  enemy  troops  shall  not  have  entered  on  the  soil  of  the 
commune  the  mayor  will  use  the  utmost  expedition  in  transmitting  to  the  civil 
and  miUtary  authorities  all  news  that  comes  to  him  of  the  march  and  approach 
of  the  invader.  He  will  execute  with  accuracy  and  dispatch  the  orders  received 
by  him  from  the  authorities,  and  will  render  to  them  all  assistance  required 
by  them  in  the  organisation  of  the  National  Defence. 

"The  movements  of  all  enemy  soldiers,  whether  of  single  soldiers  or  of 
troops,  shall  be  forthwith  notified  to  the  nearest  mihtary  authority.     It  goes 


without  saying  that  local  authorities,  as  well  as  all  the  inhabitants  in  general, 
will  absolutely  refuse  to  supply  any  information  which  may  be  asked  for  by 
enemy  soldiers  as  to  the  situation  or  movements  of  the  Belgian  Army. 

"Acts  of  Hostility. — According  to  the  laws  of  war,  acts  of  hostihty — that 
is  to  say,  resistance  and  attack  by  arms,  the  use  of  arms  against  single  enemy 
soldiers,  or  direct  intervention  in  any  battle  or  engagement — are  never  per- 
mitted to  those  who'  are  not  (either  as  members  of  the  Army  or  Civil  Guard 
or  of  a  Volunteer  Corps  organised  under  miUtary  law)  under  the  command  of 
a  superior  officer  and  do  not  wear  a  distinctive  uniform  or  badge. 

"Those  who  are  authorised  to  commit  acts  of  hostility  are  entitled  to  be 
treated  as  belligerents,  and  when  they  are  captured  or  lay  down  their  arms 
they  have  the  right  to  treatment  as  prisoners  of  war. 

"If  the  population  of  a  territory  which  has  not  yet  been  occupied  by  the 
enemy  takes  up  arms  of  its  own  accord  on  the  approach  of  the  invader  without 
having  had  time  to  organise  itself  in  a  military  form,  it  will  be  considered  as 
belligerent  if  it  bears  arms  openly  and  conforms  to  the  laws  of  war. 

"A  single  individual  who  does  not  belong  to  any  of  these  classes  of 
belUgerent  and  who  should  commit  an  act  of  hostility  would  not  be  considered 
or  treated  as  a  belligerent.  If  he  is  taken  he  would  be  treated  with  greater 
severity  than  a  prisoner  of  war,  and  might  even  be  put  to  death. 

"With  all  the  more  reason  the  inhabitants  of  the  country  are  bound  to 
abstain  from  acts  forbidden  even  to  soldiers.  The  most  noticeable  of  these 
acts  are  the  use  of  poison  or  poisoned  arms  ;  killing  or  wounding  treacherously 
members  of  the  army  or  nation  of  the  invaders  ;  killing  or  wounding  an  enemy 
who,  either  having  laid  down  his  arms  or  having  no  longer  any  means  of  self- 
defence,   has  surrendered  unconditionally. 

"Passage  of  the  Army.  Requisitions. — In  the  case  of  a  passage  of  enemy 
troops  in  places  where  there  are  no  detachments  of  the  Belgian  Army,  the 
commanders  of  the  hostile  army  will  abstain  in  all  probability  from  all  acts  of 
hostihty,  and  will  only  claim  board  and  lodging.  The  laws  of  war  only  allow 
this  kind  of  requisition  or  the  personal  service  of  the  inhabitants  for  the  imme- 
diate requirements  of  troops,  and  only  so  far  as  is  consistent  with  the  available 
resources  of  the  locality,  and  the  inhabitants  cannot  be  forced  to  engage  in  any 
mihtary  operations.  If  they  are  not  paid  in  cash  they  must  be  furnished  with 
receipts  for  what  they  provide.  If  the  inhabitants  refuse  to  obey  these 
requisitions  there  can  be  no  doubt  but  they  will  be  procured  by  force.  This 
would  cause  the  population  still  greater  suffering.  The  commanding  officers 
will  in  most  cases  apply  to  the  communal  authorities,  and  these  latter  should 
do  their  best  to  secure  an  equitable  distribution  of  the  requisitions  among  the 
inhabitants  so  as  to  lighten  the  expenses. 

"If  in  making  requisitions  the  rules  indicated  above  are  not  observed, 
the  communal  authorities  will  protest  to  the  military  chiefs  and  will  only  act 
under  compulsion. 

"Apart  from  these  requisitions,  the  inhabitants  have  a  right  to  the  absolute 
rcbpect  of  their  private  property,  of  their  honour,  and  of  their  persons  and  the 
persons  of  their  family.  If  the  officers  or  soldiers  of  the  enemy  make  any 
attempt  on  these  the  communal  authorities  will  make  an  energetic  protest. 

"The  invader  will  take  possession  of  the  means  of  transport,  the  railways, 
the  telegraphs  and  the  telephones,  unless  the  local  authorities  are  able  to 
prevent  him. 

"The  regulation  concerning  the  laws  of  war  adopted  by  the  Powers  at 
The  Hague  in  1907  forbids  a  belligerent  to  force  the  inhabitants  to  give  informa- 
tion about  the  army  of  their  country  or  their  means  of  defence.  The  inhabitants 
should  know  that  they  have  the  right  to  refuse  to  make  known  anything  about 
these  matters  to  the  invader,  and  that  this  refusal  is  binding  on  them  in  the 
interests  of  their  country. 

"Formerly  some  of  the  Powers  made  reservations  with  regard  to  the 
apphcation  of  this  rule,  and  it  is  therefore  possible  that  it  may  not  be 
adopted  so  far  as  concerns  guides,  who,  according  to  the  ancient  customs  of 
war,  are  taken  by  the  troops  from  amongst  the  inhabitants  in  their  march 
across  an  enemy  country.  The  inhabitants  of  the  commune  will  only  serve  as 
guides  when  compelled  by  force  to  do  so. 

8 


"Spies  and  Enemy  Agents. — The  communal  authorities  will  put  those 
under  them  on  their  guard  against  spies  and  enemy  agents  who  will  come  into 
the  country  for  the  purpose  either  of  collecting  information  about  the  National 
Army  or  for  stirring  up  demonstrations  amongst  the  inhabitants,  perhaps  even 
in  favour  of  the  enemy. 

"It  is  obvious  that  all  such  demonstrations  should  be  stopped  and 
absolutely  forbidden.  The  people  must  hold  severely  aloof  from  any  demon- 
stration that  is  not  an  expression  of  loyalty  to  their  King  and  country.  The 
presence  of  agents  of  this  kind  should  be  notified  at  once  to  the  Belgian  mihtary 
chiefs  and  to  the  nearest  civil  authorities,  and  the  agents  themselves  should 
be  arrested  and  handed  over  to  the  authorities  if  they  can  be  secured  before 
the  arrival  of  enemy  troops. 

' '  Fighting  in  the  Commune. — If  a  battle  takes  place  within  the  territory  of 
the  commxune  between  enemy  troops  and  Belgian  troops,  the  communal 
authorities  and  the  inhabitants  will  give  their  assistance  to  the  National  Army, 
but  will  abstain  from  any  direct  personal  intervention  in  the  battle,  which  would 
involve  their  being  treated  with  greater  severity  than  the  soldiers  themselves. 

"The  military  operations  and  fighting  will  cause  damage  to  private 
property,  to  the  inhabitants  and  to  the  crops,  which  it  is  impossible  to  prevent. 
This  must  be  borne  as  an  inevitable  consequence  of  the  invasion.  But  beyond 
what  is  demanded  by  the  necessities  of  attack  and  defence,  private  propert}- 
may  neither  be  destroyed  nor  seized.  If  any  excess  of  this  sort  is  committed, 
the  communal  authorities  have  the  right  to  make  a  sharp  and  formal  protest 
to  the  military  commanders  who  have  ordered  or  allowed  pillage  or  destruction. 

"The  inhabitants  will  fulfil  a  duty  of  patriotism  in  giving  aid  as  far  as 
possible  to  the  wounded  during  and  after  the  battles.  The  communal 
authorities  will  undertake  the  organisation  of  this  aid  in  co-operation  with  the 
doctors  and  the  agents  of  the  Red  Cross.  It  will  be  impossible  to  object  to 
pubUc  buildings  being  used  as  hospitals,  if  that  be  indispensable.  Places 
occupied  by  the  wounded  are  entitled  to  respect  from  all  the  combatants ;  still 
more  strictly  is  it  forbidden  to  abuse  the  distinctive  marks  of  the  Red  Cross. 
Those  marks  consist  of  a  Red  Cross  on  a  white  flag  or  armlet. 

"Permanent  Occupation. — The  hostile  army  will  probably  occupy  in  a 
permanent  way  places  situated  on  their  lines  of  communication,  and  they  will 
extend  this  occupation  according  to  the  requirements  of  mihtary  operations. 
A  territory  is  only  considered  to  be  occupied  which  is  in  fact  under  the  authority 
of  the  hostile  army,  which  must  in  effect  be  settled  on  the  spot  and  in  a  position 
to  drill  there  by  reason  of  the  absence  of  the  National  Army. 

"The  State  officials  will  only  be  able  to  carry  out  their  duties  so  far  as 
they  are  not  prevented  by  the  hostile  authority.  But  the  communal  authorities 
must  remain  at  home  and  continue  the  administration  of  the  commune.  They 
will  only  cease  to  do  so  when  the  occupying  authority  compels  them  to  take 
an  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  enemy  Power  or  to  engage  in  hostilities  against 
their  country  or  to  enter  into  some  agreement  which  would  not  be  in  accord 
with  their  loyalty  to  the  Belgian  Eang  and  Government,  which  always  remains 
their  only  legitimate  Government. 

"The  communal  authorities  will  thus  be  necessarily  in  daily  communica- 
tion with  the  hostile  authority.  The  latter,  being  in  possession  of  power,  will 
be  bound  to  take  all  such  measures  as  result  from  this  position  to  secure  order 
and  the  public  life.  The  laws  in  force  in  the  occupied  district  will  be  applied  ; 
they  can  only  be  altered  or  abrogated  in  cases  where  it  is  impossible  to  enforce 
them. 

"If  any  attempts  are  made  by  the  enemy  troops,  either  encamped  or  on 
march,  against  the  honour  or  rights  of  families  or  against  the  life  of  individuals 
or  against  private  property,  against  religious  beliefs  or  the  exercise  of  public 
worship,  the  local  authoriti'es  will  communicate  with  the  enemy  authority 
with  a  view  to  putting  an  immediate  end  to  all  such  attempts. 

"The  mayor  will  take  particular  care  \o  maintain  order  and  security  in 
his  commune.  If  necessary,  he  will  ask  the  hostile  authorities  to  support  him 
by  main  force.  If  any  reprehensible  action  be  committed  against  the  enemy, 
the  communal  authorities  cannot  be  held  answerable  as  a  body  and  collective 
penalties  by  fine  or  otherwise  cannot  be  enforced  on  the  whole  population. 


"The  court  of  mayor  and  aldermen  will  continue  to  collect  the  communal 
taxes,  and  will  use  them  in  defraying  the  cost  of  administration  of  the  commune. 

"The  army  of  occupation  can  only  seize  money  funds  and  bills  due,  and 
the  arms  and  movable  property  of  the  State  of  such  a  nature  as  to  be  of  use  in 
the  warlike  operations.  The  goods  of  the  communes,  and  religious,  charitable, 
beneficent  and  educational  establishments  must  be  treated  as  private  property, 
and  consequently  must  be  held  free  from  confiscation  or  damage. 

"If  the  authorities  of  the  enemy  in  occupation  collect  the  taxes,  dues,  or 
payments  which  belong  by  right  to  the  State  they  must  do  so,  as  far  as  possible, 
in  accordance  with  the  regulations  in  force,  and  apply  the  receipts  from  these 
sources  to  such  costs  of  administration  as  were  properly  paid  by  the  Belgian 
Government.  They  cannot  make  any  other  demands  for  money  except  for 
the  needs  of  the  army  or  the  expenses  of  administration  of  the  occupied 
territory,  and  that  only  on  the  written  order  of  a  general  in  command. 
Requisitions  in  kind  for  the  requirements  of  the  troops  or  requisitions  for 
service  allowed  by  the  rules  indicated  above,  can  only  be  made  on  the  authority 
of  the  commanding  officer.  They  must  not  exceed  the  resources  of  the  locaUty 
nor  involve  the  inhabitants  in  any  obligation  to  take  part  in  mihtary  operations 
against  their  own  country.  Under  the  latter  heading  would  be  classed  any 
requisition  for  workmen  to  take  part  in  erecting  fortification  works  or  assisting 
the  operations  of  the  hostile  army. 

"If  roads  and  bridges  have  been  destroyed  before  the  invasion  in  order 
to  impede  the  movements  of  the  hostile  army,  the  inhabitants  shall  only  assist 
in  repairing  them  under  compulsion. 

"Requisitioned  suppUes  should  be  paid  for  as  far  as  possible  in  cash, 
otherwise  they  should  be  certified  through  the  mayors  by  receipts  which  should 
be  settled  in  Hke  manner  as  soon  as  possible. 

"During  the  occupation,  the  railways,  telegraphs  and  telephones  will 
probably  remain  under  the  exclusive  control  of  the  enemy  authorities,  who 
will  in  such  case  reserve  to  themselves  the  right  of  deciding  the  conditions 
under  which  their  use  will  be  allowed  to  private  individuals.  The  local 
authorities  will  not  be  allowed  to  interfere. 

"Mayors  of  occupied  territory  will  remain  in  communication  with  the 
nearest  authority  of  the  National  Government  to  such  extent  as  the  invader 
will  allow.  In  their  official  reports  they  will  only  deal  with  matters  connected 
with  their  administrative  duties,  and  will  make  no  allusion  to  movements  of 
hostile  troops  or  to  anything  relating  to  mihtary  operations. 

"Where  territory  has  been  occupied  by  the  enemy, their  authorities  will 
be  very  severe  in  repressing  espionage.  The  definition  of  a  spy  is  one  who 
secretly  or  under  false  pretences  seeks  to  gather  information  within  the  zone 
of  operations  of  a  beUigerent  with  a  view  to  communicating  such  information 
to  the  other  side. 

"The  suppression  of  espionage  is  very  severe.  The  communal  authorities 
must  in  their  behaviour  avoid  giving  any  occasion  for  incurring  this  charge, 
but  they  should  also  bear  in  mind  that  the  treatment  meted  out  to  spies  can 
only  be  inflicted  when  secrecy  is  used  in  obtaining  information.  Soldiers  and 
civihans  who  collect  or  report  news,  even  within  the  zone  of  mihtary  operations, 
cannot  be  treated  as  spies  so  long  as  they  do  their  business  without  disguising 
their  character. 

"When  the  occupation  ceases  by  the  actual  departure  of  the  enemy 
authorities,  the  communal  authorities  will  notify  forthwith  the  nearest  Belgian 
mihtary  authorities. 

"During  the  occupation  by  the  enemy  the  communal  authorities  will  lose 
no  opportunity  of  reminding  those  under  them  that  the  rules  of  conduct  set 
forth  above  have  for  their  sole  end  the  amehoration  of  the  expenses  and  hard- 
ships inevitably  resulting  from  war  and  invasion  ;  but  that  they  must  not  be 
understood  as  impl5dng  any  approval  of  this  invasion  or  releasing  the  people 
from  their  duty  of  loyalty  to  the  legitimate  Government  which  remains  in 
full  force  throughout  the  period  of  the  war. 

"The  Minister  of  the  Interior, 

"Paul  Berryer." 

lO 


HOW   THE     BELGIAN     CIVILIANS    GAVE    AN    UNDERTAKING    TO 
CONDUCT     THEMSELVES     IN     ACCORDANCE    WITH     THE    RULES 
FOR  NON-COMBATANTS. 


Notice   issued   by   Burgomaster^  Max. 
FIREARMS. 

"  As  the  laws  of  war  forbid  the  civil  population  to  take  part  in  hostilities, 
and  as  all  infringements  of  this  rule  may  bring  about  reprisals,  many  of  my 
fellow-citizens  have  expressed  a  wish  to  get  rid  of  the  firearms  in  their 
possession. 

"  These  weapons  may  be  deposited  at  the  poUce  stations,  where  receipts 
will  be  given  for  them. 

"  They  will  be  placed  under  safe  keeping  in  the  central  arsenal  of  Antwerp, 
and  restored  to  their  owners  after  the  conclusion  of  hostilities. 

"  Brussels,  August  12th,  1914." 

{Reply  to  the  German  White  Book  of  May  loth,  191 5,  p.  9.) 


Circular    of   the   Minister  of   the    Interior   relating  to  the 
Uniform  of  Reservists  of  the  Civic  Guard. 

"  I  have  the  honour  to  inform  you  that  a  royal  decree  of  August  8th,  1914, 
makes  the  wearing  of  the  blue  blouse  obhgatory  for  reservists  of  the  Civic 
Guard  recently  called  up  by  the  royal  decree  of  August  5th  last. 

"  I  beg  further  to  call  your  attention  to  Article  2  of  the  decree  in  question, 
directing  that  the  weapons  borne  by  members  of  the  above-mentioned  units 
should  be  worn  openly,  i.e..  in  such  a  manner  as  to  be  visible  to  the  enemy. 
Hidden  weapons,  such  as  daggers,  revolvers,  etc.,  must  not  therefore  be 
carried  as  the  principal  arms. 

"  Have  the  goodness.  Monsieur  le  Gouverneur,  to  communicate  these 
regulations  to  the  communes  in  your  province  without  delay. 

"  Paul  Berryer,  Minister  of  the  Interior." 

[Ibidem,  pp.  14-15.) 


TI 


PROCLAMATION       BY      THE      BURGOMASTER     OF      DINANT 
TO   HIS   FELLOW-CITIZENS  —AUGUST  3RD,  1914. 


Ghers  Conciloyeos, 


A  la  dcmaiide  il«»  ruiitorilo  supi*rieuri',j'fl  I'lioiiiieuc  <lo  porlrr 
a  voire  coiiiiaisMince  que  Ton  ne  peiil,  S'*)L'S  AUCX'.X  Plit- 
TK\TC,  se  reiidre  daoi»  \»  ville  dc  \iiiiiu'  uv/?c  riiiteiitioii  d'y 
.s(journei%  loft  u^cessitel^  d(r  In.  derciise  de  'a  position  forlifiee 
pouvnnt  niiH'uer  raatorile  iiiilitjiirr  u  f  tpulser  Ic^  bouchcn 
iiiuttl«^s. 

Jf  crois  devoir  ajouler  qii'acliieHenient  n*y  a  nuciiii  dang^ef'. 
cl  que  je  ne  vois  pns  hi  rnison  pour  iaquell  la  population  fuirait 
ses  foyers. 

Jc  recoininande  le  calnie  le  plus  grand  d^nsJes  circdnstances 
qu«'  nous  traversons  et  j'inviKMdfiu,  les  habitants  a  continucr 
a  y  resider. 

Jc  previcns  enfin  me<t  nil(niiiislresqu''il  lour  tst  rorinellemcnt 
intrrdit  d'allcr  s'approii'it  -nor  de  vivresa  i\'ainur;  dann  le  cas 
oil  ils  \v  IVraicnt,  ils  seraie(i<  .-ir'ssibles  de  peines  scvcres  edictces 
par  Tnutonle  niilitaire^    1 

\  rilotel  de  Ville  dc  DiiiAaf   .0  o  Aout  i:»l4. 

le  Oourgrtiesire, 

A.  defoin: 


ln>(*r!i' 


V    l*a\\:\]IM)ri       III   ire,  136.  rue  (;rande    OiwiiX.  —  Tc?i>o    It 


//  will  be  noticed  that  it  is  the  people  of  Dinant  {who  were  so  panic-stricken 
by  the  news  of  the  invasion  that  they  prepared  to  abandon  their  homes) 
whom  the  German  White  Book  accuses  of  having  organised  an  ambuscade  on 
August  2^rd. 


12 


THE    SO-CALLED    "  FRANCS-TIREURS "    OF    DINANT. 

POSTERS  AFFIXED  ON  AUGUST  6th  AT  DINANT 
BY  THE  BURGOMASTER. 

L 
To  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Town  of  Dinant. 

"Notice  is  hereby  given  to  the  inhabitants,  under  pain  of 
immediate  arrest,  to  bring  to  the  poHce  station  all  wireless 
telegraph  apparatus  for  receipt  or  transmission  of  telegrams,  and 
all  firearms  and  ammunition  in  their  possession. 

"Dinant,  August  6th,  1914.  "The  Burgomaster, 

"A.   Defoin." 
IL 

Notice  to  Inhabitants. 

"Formal  notice  is  hereby  given  to  the  inhabitants  that 
civilians  must  not  take  part  in  any  attack  or  act  of  violence  by 
arms  or  otherwise  against  the  enemy  troops. 

"Such  attacks  are  forbidden  by  the  law  of  nations,  and  would 
expose  their  authors,  perhaps  even  the  town  itself,  to  the  most 
grave  consequences. 

"  Dinant,  August  6th,  1914.  ■    "  The  Burgomaster, 

"A.   Defoin." 

TRANSLATION. 

TOWN  OF  DINANT. 

"Dear  Fellow-Citizens, 

"At  the  request  of  the  higher  authorities  I  have  the  honour  to 
inform  you  that  on  no  pretext  whatever  is  anyone  to  go  to  the  town 
of  Namur  with  the  intention  of  staying  there.  The  necessities  of 
the  defence  of  a  fortified  position  may  oblige  the  military  authorities 
to  expel  useless  mouths. 

"I  think  it  well  to  add  that  at  present  there  is  no  danger,  and 
I  do  not  see  any  reason  for  the  population  to  leave  their  homes. 

"I  recommend  the  greatest  calm  in  the  circumstances  in 
which  we  are  now  involved,  and  I  invite  all  the  inhabitants  to 
continue  to  reside  here. 

"I  also  warn  the  people  under  my  jurisdiction  that  it  is 
absolutely  forbidden  to  obtain  foodstuffs  from  Namur ;  if  they 
should  do  so  they  would  be  subject  to  severe  penalties  from  the 
military  authorities. 

"The  Burgomaster, 
"Dinant  Town  Hall,  August  srd,  1914.  "A.  Defoin." 

13 


PROCLAMATION  BY  BURGOMASTER  MAX  TO  THE   INHABITANTS 
OF  BRUSSELS  ON  THE  EVE  OF  THE  ENTRY  OF  THE  ENEMY  INTO 
THE    CAPITAL.— AUGUST,  1914. 


VTLLE    DE    BRUXELLES 


C0NCIT0YEN8 

>l.-ilj!ri)i,la  resisltiirc  lKToii|iio  ilc  iios  ti'uu|t<.*!i,  Mvcoiiilces  pnr  Irs 
aniiiTs  iilii<'«s,  il  osi  «  craindru  que  rciincmi  n'envahissc  ltruxilli-!>. 

Si  (Mrcitlo  evcniualili-  se  rt'alis«;,i'i;s|)crc  pouvoir  comntvr  sur  Ic  calmc 
rl  k-  saiig-rrutd  de  la  population. 

i)in:  foil  te  gardv  <lc  loul  afTolt^meni,  du  (ouio  paniijue 

Li's  Aiiioriios  commuiiales  lie  ilvserteroiit  pas  leur  poste  Kllcs 
roMiiiiufroiii  a  reiiiplir  Icurs  foiiclions  avee  la  fermcle  que  vous  Oles 
i'ii.ilroil  d'allendre  d'cllcs  cii  dcs  circonstaiiccs  aussi  graves. 

S»i  a  peine  besoin  de  rappelcr  a  mes  ronciloycns  les  devoii-s  de  lous 
einers  Ic  Hays. 

Le.N  lots  do  la  guerre  inlcrdiscnt  afcnneini  de  forcer  la  popiilniioii  n 
iliMiiier  des  renscigiiemenl<i  snr  lAfmcf  naiionalo  et  siirscs  moxensde 
deleiise.  Le<«  habitants  de  Uriiwllcs  doivent  sa«oir  qu  iis  sent  en  <lroit  dc 
refuser  de  raircconnaiirc  quoi  que  ce  soil,  a  re  siijct,  ■  I'cnvaliisseur. 
Li'  rifus  Ictir  est  impose  dam  linitir^i  de  In  Patrie 

Quaucuu  de  vous  n'accepic  de  ser«r  de  guide  a  Icnncini 

Que  cliacun  se  lienne  eu  |;ardc  contre  les  cspions  et  le<i  nnents 
rlrangers  qui  chcniieraient  a  niiieillir  dcs  rciisi'i;(nrinenls  ou  n  pro- 
voquer  dc*  inaiiifeslatioiis  dans  uii  sens  i|iieleoiii|ue 

LViiiicnii  nc  pcut  Irgilimeroenl  porter  attrinle  ni  n  I'lionneur  des 
families,  ni  •  la  vie  des  citoyens.  ni  a  la  pioiinelc  priwe.  ni  nu\  convic- 
tions religieuses  ou  philosopliiqiii-s.  in  au  lihre  exorcire  dc»  rulles. 

(jiir  tout  abus  roinniis  par  t'envahisscur  iim-  soil  iiniiiciti.itcinent 
dinoiice.  AUSSI  LONGTEMPS  QUE  JE  SERAI  EN  VIE 
ET  EN  LIBERTE.  JE  PROTEGERAI  DE  TOUTES  MES 
FORCES  LES  DROITS  £T  LA  DIGNITE  DE  MES 
CONCITOYENS 

Je  prie  les  lialiilaois  de  facililer  nia  lAche  en  s'ab<Hen«ni  de  tout  actc 
d'hostilite,  de  (out  iisuKe  d'nrnies,  de  toutc  intervention  dans  les  combats 
ou  rencontres 

OONGITOTElfl. 

Quoi  qu'il  arrive,  ^oulez  la  voix  de  voirr  Bourgmestre  et 
lui  voire  conflance.-ll  ne  la  iraliira  p%» 

Tvn  LA  BSLotovB  UMBM  IT  xasmasAJiTmi 


ST  AX)    BRUSSEIL 


Adoiphe 


(iiiiiiiiik>  iii-ii  iii-i    itii-ifii  \ 

de  »OllHiinliii  {■■(;. IS    i»  Ih'I  Ic 

Moi-Nldil  p-lijKurX.'il  /i<- 

bloi'thyl.ciil  ilei  hi\iilKiii;j  li-  i 


i'i'InIiiim!  \.hi  iiii/f  li'<ie|>?ii.  liiivfSlM^iii  ilco 
icivi'ii  (l:il  ill-  \i|iiii  I  lliiisff.l  ovi'iiiiirKjteif 

\<)i>iil<i<-lt.  I |>  Ik  •III  III-  k.illiilr  I'll  ill-  I.0.I 

i;:i'ii  rikenrii 


Dm  men  /mIi  IkiciIi'  xmu   illt-ii  il\\»/:<'ii  MJiiik,  viHir  ^illi'  (i^iiiMk 

l)e  (^eiiict'iilfiiM'i'lirdcn  sullen  luiii  |iii>.|  nicl  vcrliiU'ii  /i|  /iillrn  limi 
anibl  lilij\cii  M'iMillfn  iiicl  .il  de  siiin(f\iio|i<:|M-id  ilic  t!i|  iiiel  rerlil  kui  Inn 
nioo^t  MTWiiclilen  in  /iilki-  •..'<'»  i(-lili;.'coiiiNl;indi{!lii-dcn 

Ik   .'It'll!   Iiel   <c'liici    iiiin II}!   iiiijnc    nieilcbui'trers  lo   liciiMiii-rrti  .uiii 

eeniedi  IS  jilirliii'ii  icpcnox-i'  lul  l.:ind 

Do  kiiJ!:>w<'IU'ii  xoi'liii'dcn  (l<>ii  \ij:ind  ilc  boxnlkihi;  ic  iIwimlm-ii  iiitirlilin- 
gen  le  pe\en  ni)|H>iis  jici   \ali(in:ial  Leper  en  ?i|'i'' *<"i<lrili;.'mu»iiiii|ililt'ii 

Deinwnners  >.in  Ui'ii>sol  iiinolen  welcn  iI:h  /ii  Iki  ktIii  IhI.Ihii  ii' 
Moipcrcn  «.il  lict  iio\  ^ij,  in  ilii  np/icht.  den  a.iiiN  iller  iiiede  le  ileeleii 
Deze  welpoi'ing  «<>i'dl  litin  In  liet  brl.ing  Min.Jiel  N.uleiliiiid  ti|>i.'eli'L'il 

Dill  (leeii  ciikele  onilvr  L  nnnneiiie  den  vii.iiid  Inl  pmN  le  ilH'iien 

Dm  eeniediT  op  /ijnc  linedo  wezc  Mim  ile  spmiinen  en  tie  xreeinde 
api-nien  die  /oiiden  iriiclilen  inliclilingeii  le  lii'kuiiien  ol  lieloouinueii  in 
weHkC  /in  onk  le  xerwekkon 

\ulpensde  wel.  ning  de  Mjnnd  peon  inliroiik  iiiiiknn  nnrb  op  <b*  evr  der 
liui»go/innrn.  nneli  0|>  liel  lexeiii'der  burgers,  nuch  up  liel  pn\;i.'il  eiueiidnm. 
no<-li  op  di>  po<l>dionslig(>  ol  w  Ij.sgeeripe  pediii'lilen.  noch  up  lii'l  xnie  mine' 
(enen  x.-in  den  ccrediensl 

Alle  infcroiik  door  dennnnvalier  pppleepd,  weze  mij  tliidejljk  liekenil 
geniaakl.  ZOOLANG  IK  ZM.  LEVEN  EN  IN  VRIJHEID 
VERKEEREN.  ZAL  IK  UIT  AL  MIJNE  KRACHTEN  DE 
RECHTEN  en  DE  WAARDIGHEID  MIJNER  MEDE- 
fiURGERS  VERDEDIGEN  , 

Ik  verzock  de  inwunei's  niljne  latik  le  vcrponwkkelijkcn  nipl  zieli  le 
onllioudcn  vnn  alien  \ijandelijkrn  daad  van  alle '>x:i|K.'npebrmk,  >iii>  :ille 
innienging  in  poxechlen  ol  oniiiineiiiipen. 

KEDEBURGER8. 

Wat  cr  ook  geboure,  aiiMhonri   de  stem  van  I'wen   Riirgemecster  en 
Mioiift  lien)  \i\\  vcrlroiiwen.  liij  zaler  nict  loJiort  aan  koinea 
LETS  BiLazs,  Tsu  ZM  ovAnuncscux 


K.  OIIYOT.  ni.  lM.rll«<>n   19 


AdoU 


"//  appears  from  a  trustworthy  report  made  by  a  prisoner  returned  from 
Germany  that,  at  Celle-Schloss  {Hanover),  M.  Max,  Burgomaster  of  Brussels, 
was  placed  in  solitary  confinement  twice  in  three  days  for  having  answered  back 
a  non-commissioned  officer  who  had  addressed  him  in  a  German  fashion,  and  for 
having  complained  to  the  attache  of  the  Spanish  Embassy  of  being  ill-treated  in 
the  camp." 

{Communication  from  the  "Bureau  Documentaire  Beige,"  November  2nd,  1916.) 


14 


HOW    THE    PEOPLE    OF    BRUSSELS    REMAIN    WORTHY    OF   THEIR 
IMPRISONED    BURGOMASTER. 

GERMAN  TESTIMONY. 

"The  popular  attitude  at  Brussels  is  iiiore  unfavourable  than  ever,  even  for  us  Germans 
who  have  been  there  for  a  long  time,  and  who  ought  to  be  absolutely  hardened  against 
this  hostiUty.  It  is  sometimes  insupportable.  I  should  advise  no  one  to  come  here  who 
is  not  obhged  to  do  so.  It  would  only  be  an  expense,  and  give  him  very  disagreeable 
impressions.  I  do  not  know  what  justification  the  people  have  for  this  attitude.  They 
are  convinced  that  the  AlUes  are  making  progress,  and  will  soon  make  their  entry  into 
the  capital  with  Albert  at  their  head.  Their  conduct  towards  the  *  Boches  '  is  in  conformity 
with  this  conviction." 

{The  Brussels  correspondent  of  the  "Deutsche  Wochemeitung  fur  die 
^iederldnde  und  Belgien,"  August  27th,  1916.) 

Notice    by  Lieutenant    von   Hurt,   Governor-General   of  Brussels 
and  Brabant.— November  18th,  1916. 

"On  November  15th,  considerable  'pohtical'  demonstrations  took  pla^e  in  the 
churches  of  Sainte-Gudule  and  Saint- Jacques-sur-Coudenberg,  and  continued  at  the 
entrance  to  these  two  churches.     On  this  occasion  the  Germans  were  insulted  by  the  crowd. 

' '  For  this  reason,  I  order  the  following  : — 

"From  November  21st,  until  further  orders,  all  public  places  of  amusement,  such 
as  hotels,  restaurants,  caf6s  and  shops,  must  be  closed  at  8  p.m.  This  order  appUes  to 
the  whole  of  Greater  Brussels. 

"The  onlv  exceptions  made  will  be  for  restaurants  which  obtain  a  permit  from  the 
Kommandantur  to  keep  open  later. 

"Only  those  persons  possessing  a  written  permit  from  the  German  authorities  may 
be  in  the  streets  between  8  p.m.  and  4  a.m." 

N.B. — November  1 5th  is  the  Fete  Day  of  King  Albert. 


TRANSLATION. 

TOWN    OF    BRUSSELS. 

FELLOW-CITIZENS. 

,     "In  spite  of  the  heroic  resistance  of  our  troops,  seconded  by  the  allied  armies,  it  is 
to  be  feared  that  the  enemy  will  occupy  Brussels. 

"If  this  should  occur,  I  hope  I  may  count  on  the  calm  and  coolness  of  the  population. 

"Beware  of  any  rash  action  and  pamc. 

"The  Communal  Authorities  will  not  desert  their  posts.  They  will  continue  to  fulfil 
their  duties  with  the  firmness  which  you  should  expect  from  them  in  such  grave 
circumstances. 

"I  need  hardly  remind  my  fellow-citizens  of  their  duty  towaras  their  country. 

"The  laws  of  war  forbid  the  enemy  to  force  the  population  to  give  information  about 
the  national  army  and  the  means  of  defence.  The  inhabitants  of  Brussels  must  know 
that  they  have  the  right  to  refuse  to  give  any  information  whatever  on  this  subject  to 
the  invader      This  refusal  is  imposed  on  them  in  the  interest  of  their  country. 

"Let  none  of  you  consent  to  be  a  guide  to  the  enemy. 

"Let  every  one  beware  of  spies  and  enemy  agents  who  will  endeavour  to  obtain 
information  or  to  start  demonstrations  of  any  kind. 

"The  enemy  may  not  legally  do  any  wrong  either  to  the  honour  of  famihes  or  to  the 
life  of  the  citizens,  nor  to  private  property,  nor  to  religious  or  philosophical  convictions, 
nor  to  the  free  exercise  of  any  worship. 

"Let  every  abuse  committed  by  the  invader  be  immediately  reported  to  me.  AS 
LONG  AS  I  LIVE  AND  AM  AT  LIBERTY,  I  WILL  PROTECT  THE  RIGHTS  AND 
DIGNITY    OF    MY    FELLOW-CITIZENS    WITH    ALL    MY    MIGHT. 

"I  beg  the  inhabitants  to  help  in  this  task  by  refraining  from  any  acts  of  hostility, 
from  all  use  of  arms,  from  all  intervention  in  fights  or  encounters. 
"Fellow-Citizens, 

"Whatever  happens,  listen  to  the  voice  of  your  Mayor  and  keep  up  your  confidence 
in  him.     He  will  not  betray  it. 

*'Long  live  Belgium,  free  and  independent! 

"Long  live  Brussels  ! 
"August.  1914.  "Adolphe  Max." 


PROCLAMATION    BY    FIELD-MARSHAL    BARON    VON    DER    GOLTZ, 

GOVERNOR-GENERAL  OF  OCCUPIED  BELGIUM,  TO  THE  BELGIAN 

CITIZENS.— SEPTEMBER   2ND,    1914. 


yialHi 


Seine  Majrsiiil  Avr  DeutSK\tr  kniscr  linKvii 
ceralil.  Illicit  !:xrli  nkkupi-:-iiii^  l>H;;isclipn 
C«MrlszMiii  <;rii«r<il)$>itiveriieuri4i  KeljtitM^zii 
•rneaiicii.  Icb  li:i!i<-  <lfii  Silz  <les  GeniralK*o- 
vemeiitriiis  ii>  ilrussel  (Minisifriuiii  fur 
WisNcn.<srli)i|i  mill  Kumile,  rue  di-  U  Li>i)  ttit- 
fWelilnK.-ii 

Aof  (iniiiil  iveliciTi-  Vnor%lriiiiiig  Sririer 
taieslaec  isl  •Inn  <••  iimilgoincriicur  eka^ 
2lnlv<T\\aliMiii;  Hii<;etci!rilerl  (i\r  i-^siiiiiiisle- 
riiiin.  ni<-  il<;  LfiivMiii;  an  ilon-ii  Sjiiizc  SeiMc 
fawlloi.z  Herr  wm  Saii:i  sl«l.l 

Die  ilouls<licii  lleere  •Iriiigfii  sii'<rn;i<li  lio 
Fraiikn  icli  «"r.  Ili<r  ioi  belgisrln  u  Gebitile 
tiVitK  uiiil  Uiiti  iiiig  .iiilrrelil  /.ii  <  rli:illi!iT,  ist 
Au(gnbe  ilcr  Oi  iM-ralgouvr riieiiienis. 

ie<t<^  reiudsfli;;e  Hao«nuiig  dcr  Eiiiwuhiiflr- 
ichaft  Kegfii  .Viiplmerige  dvr  (lfii|s«-litn 
Heeres.  Jrdo.r  V.  i siiirli.  ilircn  Vnkclir  mil  dtr 
Heimai  zu  sKx-n-ii,  CiscnItalMi-n,  Tcli-<'ra|)ii^, 
fern.«prechv«Tbiii!!iiitj{«;ii  xu  gerae;irdpn  <><ler 
gar  Ru  uiilerbfcchfii,  wird  uniiiiclisidiilitli 
geaniidcl  wcrdi-n.  Aufnibr  Oder  \Vidersi»«d 
gegen  dii;  ileulocbe  Verwalluiig  habi-ii  niidk- 
sicbUlute  .^iederwcrrung  wi  gewaertigiii 

Die  baric  Notwendigkeil  des  Krifges  bringi 
ea  Mtit  Kicit.-dti!^  Uci  Bos^eafuig  ri-iiul:ieligep 
Baadhiogen  UnschukJige  mil  den  Schuldig^n 
Mdeo.  Umsoniehr  is  es  Ptlicht  alter  verstaendjg 
lienkeoden  Bewohoer  Aelgiens,  die  unruhigeo 
Eleseirfe  im  Lande  von  jeder  Ausschreituag 
gegea  die  osflenttidie  OrdnuDg  abzuhalten. 

KeJp  bdgischer  Buerger.der  Wedferiig  sfinetn 
Brwebe  nachgehl.lial  irgend  eMt  as  von  sehen  der 
deiflschen  Truppen  und  B^-hoerden  zu  bcluerclr- 
ten.  Soweit  irgend  moegticb,  soUen  Handel  und 
Wandet  wicder  aufgerK>innr>e»,  die  induslriellen 
Belriebe  wieder  in  Gang  gebracbt  und  die  Eio- 
hrii^iwig  der  Emte  voUendel  wertJen. 


Von  Niemand  wird  verieugnting  seiner  valer- 
laepdiSL-iieji  Gesinnung  \crlangt,  ^olilaber  eine 
verniiPntUgf  riie^niiki'il  iin<l  iinbedin{;ier  Ge- 
borsam  jjegen  die  Anordnungi-n  des  <;eneral- 
f«IV€fBcmenis.  Von  Eurem  Verhnllen.  von  deiii 
Venrauen  uitd  <l«n  Jbsse  der  Uhiei-sliielHing, 
die  4m  Volk,  insbcsondt-re  die  im  l^iide  vcrhlir- 
benen  Slaals-  -und  GemeinJeheantlMeti,  dein 
Genenlgouvef Jiemenl  entgegeii  "brinireii.  vtird 
es  abtlBCfi^n  ob  die  n«ue  VerWaKting  Eu<-I)  u«d 
CureiB  Unde  zum  Segen  §ei«icht: 


tfrw-ssel,  den  i.  Sei)le'm1>er  1914. 
Der  Ktdm-lkkt  CenenJ-Gmivemeur  in  Betyitti 

IHiherp  \m  der  GOLTZ. 


Plvdialioii 


Sa  Majesie  \'VM\\^ew  <}Ailoiiiagnr,  nprcs 
focfuitnliiiii  (Ii-  la  pliii  ffwit'tf  jiaiilc  duierriloire 
beige,  a  daigne  ni-  iiiHiMiier  Gi>ii\rmeur 
General  en  Kelgiqut^  J'ai  eiabli  le  sit-ge  du 
Gouvernemenl  Geiirwl  a  Kriixilies  (Minislere 
des  Science  ec  des  Arts,  inie  di-  la  Loij.' 

Par  ordrede  Sa  Ikjeslp  une  administration 
civile  ,1  ('{(•  irislallee  ■aiipivs  dn  (iouverncment 
General  (Mintilere  deb  Ginnc.  me  (le  lyouvain'. 
Son  Excellence  Monsiair  xonSandl  a  cle  appeic 
aux  tonelions  de  cliel  de  celle  aiiiuinislraUon 

Les  arrays:  allenianjes  s  avaiicent  victorieuse- 
meot  en  Franc-e.  Ma  lathe  sera  de  coaserver  la 
iran^iiliie  et  fordr^;  y\.\h\\-  i-n  terriloire  lielge 

Tout  arte  hostile  ies  habiianis  conire  les 
miOtaires  iillcmands,  kmle  lenlaiivede  iroiibler 
leurs  commimicaiions  avec  I' Mleinjigne,  de 
g^nerou  dccoiipei'  le<  services  des  ci  eniiiis  de 
fer,  du  lel^raplu;  el  (h  l-lephone  s<Tonl  punis 
tres  severemenl.  Toue  rt^islance  mi  revolle 
contfe  I'admiuistraiioii  atleinaride  sera  reprimee 
sans  pardon. 

Cest  la  dure  Becessl*  de  la  guerre  que  les 
punitions  daeles  hoslil'is  Irapp^nl,  en  dehors  des 
coapables,  aussi  des  innocents.  Le  devoir  s'impose 
d'autant  plus  a  lous  les  <cilo>ens  raisonnables 
d'exercer  une  pressimi  Wrl«5  ciemcrils  (urbulenla 
en  vue  de  les  retenii*  de'  toole  action  dirigee 
contre  I'oixfre  pobiic. 

Les  ciloyons  beiges  desirant  vaquer  paisible- 
menl  a  leurs  occupations  n'oni  rien  a  cralndre  de 
la  part  des  troupes  ou  Jes  autorites  allemandes. 
Autant  que  laire  se  poorra,  le  commerce  devra 
eire  repris,  les  usines  devroiil  recommencer 
a  travailier.  les  nmissons  *ire  ("entrees. 


Citoyens  Beiges, 


Je  ne  .demando  a  p«'rsonn(">  de  renter  ses 
sentiments  patrioliiiues..iiiais  jailtiids  dc  vmis 
to«s  une  souiiiission  rpisonuidilc  el  iiiie  dImHst- 
saiK*  »l>solii<'  vis-a-vis  d»>s  oidics  du  tlouM'iiie- 
inenl  General.  Je  wmi  linilc  a  lui  iiionlirr  dr  ki 
I'onfianciM-i  a  lui  pivla  viiiieinmoiiis.J 'a(ln<iM' 
rette  iiivitalMin  sp<vi.al<«iiM'iil  aux  loiiclltiiiiMiie-i 
del'Elaf  elde?*comnMiin's<|iiisoiil  icsli-s  a  Icimn 
p^tes.  Plus  voiis  doniK'ii'X  suite  a  (tI  appel,  |ilti» 
voiisservirez  votiv  pairie 


Kaii  a  Biux4'lles  le  4  seplendtce  I  "Hi 
1^  Cotnyi'xfXi'  di'iirnil, 

Baitm  voiv  i)r:it  (•<M/I7. 


Prodaiiialie. 


Zijne  .Majesteil  de  Kei/er  van  Duitschlaod  n  < 
bezelting  van  hci  itroDisie  gedeelte  van  Ik** 
belgisch  territoi  ium,  lie<  II  mij  tot  Generaal  C«»i- 
vemeiir  in  Belgie  bemieind.  Ik  heb  den  zrt** 
van  betGeneraal-(fOiivernenienlin  Brussel  (Minis-' 
terie  van  Schooiie  Kunslen,  VVetslraat)  opgc- 
slagea 

Dp  bevel  van  Zijne  Majesleit.  Is  er  eene  bitr- 
gerlijkc  iidmlnislratle  bij  het  Generaal-Coiner- 
neinenl  ingerichl.  Zijne  Excellentiede  Jleer  von 
Sandt  is  bcnoemd  lot  hould  ile/.cr  admin:-'  aiie 
(zetel    .Xinisieiie  vanOorlog,  Leuvensche  vmjij. 

De  diiiisclie  iroepen  drifl<!en  overjvinnem!  Ir 
Frankiijk  binnen.  .Mijnc  tauk  z:il  zijn  de  kaliiilc 
en  openbare  oi  de  op  belgisch  gebied  oprectl  li- 
houden. 

AUe  vljandelijke  handeling  der  inwon^ 
legeii  aan;;eliorlgen  van  bet  duilsche  leger^alle 
verzoek  den  verkeei  inel  Dnilschland  te  storcn, 
deii  dienst  der  ijzeren  wegen,  de.s  telegraaCs  en 
des  leleUwns  te  belemmeren  ol  le  breken,  ml 
zeer  sircng  (restraft  vorden  iedere  wederslawl 
ol  re  volte  tegen  deduiLsche  admiaistratie  yjrt 
zoiider  genade  gestralt  worden. 

Het  IS  de  barde  noodzakelijkhdd  van  den 
oorlog.  dat  de  stralfcn  van   vijandefijke  liande-' 

4iii)i;uo.  btiilen  4e    i^liuUii^^n  »oL  da  ottBiduil*- 

digea  trcHen.  Des  te  meer  is  hel  de  pltehl  vaii" 
•He  verstandige  burgers  op  de  onrustige 
eleroenten  eenen  dnik  uil  le  oelenenom  deze  vjb 
Iedere  handeling  tegen  de  openbare  orde  te 
weerhouden. 

De  belgische  burgers,  die  weiischen  in  ni«t 
hare  nijverbeid  na  te  gaaii,  iiebben  niets  e 
vreezen  van  wcge  de  troepen  ol  de  dui>'i<' 
anioriteilen.  Zooveel  Kel  mogelijk  zal  zijn,  iiio«'l 
de  hanJel  hernonien.  de  labrieken  in  'I  *erk 
bersleld,  deoogst  binnengebrachl  wordeii 

Belgische  burgers, 

Ik  \niag  aai'i  niemand  /ijne  patrioliS4lie 
gevoeleiisir  unizegjteu.niaar  ik  \ei  wachl  vrn  t^, 
alien  eene  .eislamlis-'e  imilerwerplng  eii  eein; 
Kollciliiie  (j.clu>jrwiiil.ii'iil  tegenover  de  bcvelcn 
\air  M  l.eneraal-l.'oiiurnciii.iil  Ik  vei^zoek  •' 
lieiii  \erlri>ii«eri  le  Mlieiikeii  eii  hem  Uwe  hulp 
le  wrlcHiiieii.  Ik  nclil  dil  xeizoek  liooldzakelijk 
aairalle  amblenaaieu  >an  den  Slaal  en  van  d« 
jieiiieenleli.  die  <ip  linniie  plaals  geblexen  zijir, 
llm-iiieei  I  de'/.eii  vxi'iiMb  \oldnen  /.idl.  des 
le  iiieer  /nil  I    u>v  xaderlaiid  iiiillii.'  /.ijil. 

(.eseMii  li   Hiii-m'I    <Icm  i"  iv^'pteilllHT  V.  If. 


FcldmarAcbsl. 


//(•  deiirrtmi-li 


l^'ii'on  vo!v  DHR  (lOLTZ. 

TetdmaarachalL 


It  will  be  noticed  that  this  proclamation  announces,  in  the  event  of  collective 
punishment,  that  the  innocent  will  suffer  with  the  guilty.  This  procedure  is 
justified,  according  to  the  text,  by  the  "dire  necessity  of  war." 

i6 


TRANSLATION. 

PROCLAMATION. 

"H.M.  the  Emperor  of  Germany,  after  the  occupation  of  the  greater  part 
of  Belgian  territory,  has  deigned  to  nominate  me'Governor-General  in  Belgium. 
I  have  established  the  seat  of  Government  at  Brussels  {Ministire  des  Sciences 
et  des  Arts,  Rue  de  la  Loi). 

"By  order  of  His  Majesty,  a  civil  administration  has  been  estabhshed 
beside  the  General  Government  {Ministere  de  la  Guerre,  rue  de  Louvain).  His 
Excellency  M.  von  Sandt  has  been  appointed  head  of  this  administration. 

"The  German  armies  are  advancing  victoriously  in  France.  My  task 
will   be  to    preserve  quiet  and  public  order  in  Belgian  terrifbry. 

"Any  hostile  acts  against  the  German  troops,  any  attempt  to  interfere 
with  their  communications  with  Germany,  to  disturb  or  to  cut  the  railway 
lines  or  the  telegraph  and  telephone  wires,  will  be  severely  punished.  All 
resistance  or  revolt  against  the  German  administration  will  be  repressed 
unmercifully. 

"It  is  the  dire  i^ecessity  of  war  that  these  punishments  will  strike  the 
innocent  as  well  as  the  guilty.  It  is  therefore  even  more  the  duty  of  all  reason- 
able citizens  to  repress  the  more  turbulent  elements  in  order  to  restrain  them 
from  any  acts  contrary  to  public  order. 

"Belgian  citizens  desiring  to  keep  peacefully  to  their  occupations  have 
nothing  to  fear  from  either  the  German  troops  or  the  authorities.  As  much  as 
possible,  commerce  must  be  taken  up  again,  factories  must  resume  work, 
the  harvest  must  be  gathered. 

"BELGIAN    CITIZENS, 

"I  do  not  ask  anyone  to  renounce  his  patriotic  feelings,  but  I  expect  from 
all  a  reasonable  subrciission  and  an  absolute  obedience  to  the  orders  of  the 
General  Government.  I  invite  you  to  give  your  confidence  to  it  and  your 
help.  I  address  this  invitation  specially  to  the  officials  of  the  State  and  the 
communes  who  have  remained  at  their  posts.  The  more  you  collaborate  with 
us  the  better  you  serve  your  country. 
"Given  at  Brussels,  September  2nd,  1914. 

"The  Governor-General, 

"Baron  von  der  Goltz, 

"Field-Marshal." 


THE  PROMISE  AND  ITS  EXECUTION. 
The  Promise  : 

"Business  will  bs  resumed,  the  factories  will  be  reopened.  ...  I  ask 
nobody  to  renounce  his  feelings  of  patriotism." 

The  Execution. 

I.     PATRIOTISM   "  RESPECTED." 

Note  of  the  Belgian  Government  to  the  Neutral  Powers  on  the  forced  labour 
and  deportation  ^  imposed  upon  the  Belgian  population  by  the  German 
authorities. 

"A  decree  from  German  General  Headquarters,  dated  October  3rd, 
imposes  forced  labour  upon  all  Belgians  capable  of  work  who,  in  consequence 
of  lack  of  employment  or  other  causes,  have  become  dependent  upon  outside 
assistance.      Individuals  to  whom  this  order  applies  can  be  forced  to  work 

17 


away  from  their  place  of  residence — in  other  words,  be  deported  to  Germany  in 
a  condition  of  semi-slavery. 

"The  great  difl&culty  of  communication  with  the  occupied  portion  of 
Belgium  has  prevented  the  Belgian  Government  from  receiving  all  the 
information  which  they  were  anxious  to  obtain  as  to  the  manner  in  which 
the  decree  of  October  3rd  is  being  carried  out. 

"They  learn,  however,  from  a  rehable  source  that  the  wholesale  deporta- 
tion of  the  able-bodied  population  is  proceeding.  Rich  and  poor,  if  unoccupied, 
or  without  work,  are  taken  without  mercy.  On  October  24th  last  more  than 
15,000  men  had  already  been  removed  from  Flanders  alone.  Trains  entirely 
filled  with  these  unfortunate  people  were  seen  proceeding  to  Germany.  Others 
were  sent  to  the  invaded  departments  of  France.  The  men  were  crowded  into 
open  trucks,  exposed  to  all  weathers,  under  the  most  miserable  conditions. 
Their  spirit,  in  spite  of  cold  and  privation,  was  in  no  way  daunted,  and  they 
sang  patriotic  songs  while  enduring  this  new  form  of  oppression. 

"Raids  took  place  at  Courtrai,  Alost,  Termonde,  Bruges,  Ghent,  Mons, 
and  in  numerous  rural  and  industrial  communes.  The  men  were  collected 
and  examined  as  if  they  were  cattle ;  the  able-bodied  were  dispatched  to 
unknown  destinations. 

"At  Bruges,  the  burgomaster,  an  old  man  of  80  years  of  age,  who  since 
the  beginning  of  the  occupation  had  given  an  example  of  noble  patriotism, 
was  deprived  of  his  office  for  refusing  to  assist  the  German  military  authorities 
in  their  horrible  task ;  the  town  was  condemned  to  a  fine  of  100,000  marks 
for  every  day's  delay  in  the  enrolment  of  victims. 

"Up  to  October  24th,  this  deportation  had  taken  place  principality  .^ 
the  miUtary  zone  (i.e..  East  and  West  Flanders).  In  the  rest  of  the  country, 
the  civil  authorities  had  no  doubt  hesitated  to  employ  measures  which  violate 
not  only  the  spirit  and  the  text  of  The  Hague  Convention,  but  also  the 
solemn  promise  made  to  the  population  in  a  proclamation  of  July  25th,  1915, 
that  no  forced  labour  would  be  exacted  from  them  which  did  violence  to  their 
sentiments  of  patriotism      ;   £§^3  ^ 

"The  Belgian  Government  denounce  to  all  civilised  nations  these 
infamous  proceedings,  which  trample  upon  all  the  laws  of  humanity  as  well 
as  upon  those  provisions  of  the  conventional  rules  of  war  relating  to  the 
power  of  the  occupant. 

"They  protest  with  the  utmost  energy  against  the  application  of  a 
system  which  the  empty  explanations  of  the  enemy  will  not  save  from  the 
name  and  the  stigma  of  slave-trade,  an  infamy  which  completes  the  dishonour 
of  the  German  occupation,  in  spite  of  its  pretended  anxiety  to  protect  the 
legitimate  rights  of  the  population  of  Flanders  1" 

2.     "REVIVAL    OF    INDUSTRY." 

Reply  of  the  Deputies  for  Mons  to  Governor-General  von  Bissing  on  the  subject 

of  the  deportations. 

"Mons,  November  27th,  1916. 

"At  Quaregnon,  of  1,000  workmen  called  up  to  the  register,  304  have 
been  deported.  Among  the  latter  are  227  who  are  not  unemployed  (including 
4  farmers,  5  master  bakers,  6  bakers,  i  master  butcher,  i  brewery  engineer, 
1  manager  of  a  large  brewery,  i  business  man  of  standing,  the  son  of  a  director 
of  an  ironworks,  i  master  printer). 

"It  is  worth  mentioning  that  the  number  of  men  called  up  for  registration 
is  small  in  proportion  to  the  total  number  of  the  population,  but  one  ought 
not  to  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  we  are  Hving  in  the  centre  of  the  colHery 
region  and  that  all  the  miners  have  been  exempted. 

"This  remark  appHes  to  all  the  other  communes. 

"At  Dour,  of  137  deportees,  there  are  117  employed  men,  among  them 
9  farmers,  4  students,  and  numbers  of  masters  of  small  shops  working  at  home. 

"At  Wammes,  of  186  deportees,  130  employed. 

"At  Frameries,  of  200  deportees,    157  employed. 

"At  Hornu,  of  140  deportees,   78  employed. 

"At  P&turages,  of  139  deportees,   134  employed. 

"At  Ghhn,  of  155  deportees,    109  employed. 

18 


"At  Havr6,  the  burgomaster  informed  the  recruiting  officers  that  all 
the  men  called  up  for  registration  were  employed  (he  had  hims-elf  made 
inquiry,  and  asked  to  be  allowed  to  produce  his  evidence).  His  remarks 
were  brushed  aside,  and  of  450  men  called  up  for  registration,  45  were 
deported,   all  employed. 

"Similar  proportions  are  shown  by  all  the  communes.  Is  this  a  mere 
coincidence  ?  No ;  in  most  cases  the  selection  of  the  workmen  who  have 
employment  in  Belgium  has  been  dehberate.  The  recruiting  agents  show  a 
marked  preference  for  the  most  skilled  workmen  in  certain  industries — 
foremen,  mechanics  and  labourers  from  rolUng-mills,  glass-workers,  shoe- 
makers,  fitters,   electrical  engineers,   farmers. 

"Thus,  at  the  iron  works  and  rolhng  mills  of  Baume,  at  Haine-Saint- 
Pierre,  of  400  workmen  registered  52  have  been  deported. 

"At  the  Gilson  factories  at  La  Croyere,  50  workmen,  out  of  225  called 
up  for  registration,  have  been  deported. 

"At  the  'Soci6te  La  Brugeoise  et  Ni9aise  et  Delcuve,'  56  07it  of  369. 

"At  the  'Soci6t6  Anonjrme  des  Laminoirs'  at  La  Louvifere,  51  out  of  73. 

"At  the  'Boulonnerie  et  Fonderies  de  la  Louvi^re  '  factories.  25  out  of  131. 

"At  the  Bouvy  factory  at  La  Croyfere,  25  out  of  145. 

"At  the  Central  Building  Co.,  at  Haine- Saint-Pierre,  37  workmen  and 
employees  still  at  work  have  been  deported — say,  10  per  cent,  of  the  employed 
workmen. 

"At  the  Spiltoir,  Heppez,  and  Heck  workshops  at  Haine-Saint-Paul, 
14  men  have  been  deported,  representing  70  per  cent,  of  the  working  'personnel* 
required  to  register  and  40  per  cent,  of  the  total  number  of  workmen. 

"At  the  blast  furnaces  and  foundries  at  La  Louviere  the  deportation 
among  the  employees  reached  70  per  cent.,  with  the  result  that  the  factory 
is  now  at  a  standstill, 

"At  the  Boel  factories  at  La  Louviere,  249  men  have  been  carried  off, 
among  them  a  chef  de  bureau,  10  clerks,  21  foremen  and  217  workmen. 

"All  the  clerks  and  workmen  of  those  factories  who  have  been  deported 
were  still  at  work  at  the  time  of  the  registration. 

"At  the  glass  factory  of  Jemappes — the  only  plant  of  the  kind  in  our 
district — the  appHcation  of  the  system  has  produced  a  striking  result.     This 
factory  was  again  set  running  on  December  4th,  1915  ;    it  was  going  uninter- 
ruptedly   and    with    increasing    pressure    up   to    September    ist,    1916.       It 
was  idle  till  November  loth,  owing  to  the  repair  of  certain  furnaces  with  a 
view  to  increasing  its  output.     More  than  half  of  its  trained  men  have  been 
taken  away.     In  order  to  give  the  precise  figures,  we  quote  the  numbers  : — 
"  40  per  cent,  of  the  souffleurs  (glass  blowers), 
"  60  per  cent,  of  the  first  apprentices, 
"  30  per  cent,  of  the  second  apprentices, 
"  40  per  cent,  of  the  repasseurs  (grinders), 
"  33  per  cent,  of  the  etendeurs  (expanders), 
"100  per  cent,  of  the  electrical  engineers, 
"  100  per  cent,  of  the  fitters,  etc. 

"What  a  dislocation  of  this  industry  ! 

"What  we  have  just  said  about  the  Jemappes  glass  factory  apphes  to 
most  of  the  industries  of  which  we  have  spoken." 

•         •         *         • 

"You  make  an  effort  to  reassure  our  patriotism.  Excellency,  by  teUing 
us  that  deported  Belgians  are  not  to  take  part  in  work  which  has  a  miUtary 
object.  But  does  not  every  one  take  part  in  work  with  a  mihtary  object  if  he 
ministers  in  any  way  to  the  enterprises  of  a  belHgerent  nation  ?  The  farmer 
who  provides  fats  for  the  army,  the  tailor  who  makes  clothes,  the  currier, 
the  cobbler,  the  woodman,  the  navvy — do  they  not  co-operate  in  war  work  ? 
Whoever  sets  foot  in  Germany  to  work  becomes  an  auxiUary  of  the  German 
Army,  whatever  work  he  may  do." 


19 


NOTICE     BY      BARON     VON     LUTTWITZ,    URGING     THE    PEOPLE 

OF  BRUSSELS  TO  REMOVE  THE  BELGIAN  FLAG. 

SEPTEMBER    i6th,     1914. 


Inn  ollcfi  \  4*rs(fnHliiis  ihn'Hf i^ciM'n  Inti'- 
^•^'s.  hid  ifjc  (k'^olkrniiig  IlriisN'h  ^^m 
ii'iN'k<'ff  (\vv  (I^iiIm'Im'ii  Truitimi  nli  l>is 
/.I  \m  (ill»(iii<>iii(>M  IIiiIn'  iiiki  Oniming 
^i\Ur\.  Ill  ItriN'tniclil  tlc^'ii  li.'itNr  idi 
ti4'f  kciiM'i'lci  *^-linnr  griaii.iriii  ilic  voi) 
II  UU'f  mmcM'iHh'ii,  ^U'  (linrli/.H'JiciHlni 
lIlM'lioii  tl'i(|i|M'ii  nh  I'ni^ok.-ilioii  mi- 
kmIciic  lJ<'l1)iv5<;img  firQwM'lH  inU  M- 
i'\ivu  FjiIiim'ii  m  yorh'H'U'U.  (iPmU'tAnr 
I M  \vfU\iu\mh  thm  iiiinpi'i'  Tnipncii 
ilitrcli  7M  •M^ilHtltKligcin  KiiiKt'cilcii  Im*- 
igcii  ^mWtt  kOtinUii,  (ti'Miclio  icli  iiiiii- 
'iir  (iir  lk>!<ilM'i'  del'  ciii/^'liicii  IIIUim4', 
•  iMlukix ii  I niiiii'ii riiiziizielicii.  . 
K^  lir^l  (Iciii  (iciitM-lihi  Miltlflf-rKHi^ct'- 
liKMit  (liilH'i  t4M'ii,  «llc  (idnlilc*  iiikI  ilic 
[ihlrilcr  KlinMilin('i'«M'linll  ^cHi'izrii/.u 
iilni.  hir  Mtiiwnnlitiicliiil  MiiiMicn  /xM'rk, 
>  lini'goi-  M>i-  Kchtiik'ti  zu  ItcNvaiimi. 

Hi'nwiiihai  in  s>|»U'hilM>i'  liM4 


Vrothorr  von  Lttttwiti, 


AVIS 


Li  |M>|Hikilioii  ((('  llniM'Ik's.  coiiiiirc- 
itaiil  JMoii  s<N  |ii'4»|)i'('s  iiiU'n'Is.  iMdM'r\r 
<'ii};nirnil  (ksTrnlnr  liis  ii'oii|Ns  allr- 
niaii<l(>s  jiMfuVi  |>n-x'ul  fonlir  rl  l«> 
I'nimc.  Voiir  rrlh*  i';iis<Hi  j«'  it;ii  |»;is 
nmrtv  pris  ilcs  .iimniu'cv  \mn'  drlnnln' 
Ir  p:MOLS('iii('iil  <!«•  .ilr:i|H*.-iii\  Im-Ij^is. 
roiisHlon''  roiiiiiM'  |>n>\<M';ilioii  jwr  k*s 
li'oii|M>sall4'in;iii(i('s  4|iii  >;4>itf  dc  s«'J4nii' 011 
4l4'  p.iss}i|?4'  ;i  Hni\4'lk'>.  (;*4>l 'piMS'isi'iiH'nl 

|NMir   4'Mi4'l'    4|II4*    II4>S    ir4MI|»4'>    114'    sl)i<>||| 

.•iiU4'ii4Vs  ;i  agir  4l4'  k-iir  |>r4(|»r4'.mr,  4fi4' 
J4'iigai;4'  iiKiiiil4*iiaiil  k's  j)r4mH4'lair4S  4l4*s 
iiiai>4Mis  4l«'  lain'  iMnlnT  14^  4lia|M'au\ 

lK'lg4'S. 

\a'  (;4»ui4riMniM'iil  iiiljilajn'  iia  aiini- 

Il4'lll4'lll    i'illl4'll1i4rtl    4I4'    ll*4M>S4'l'  par  4*OU4' 

iii4'Mir4'  k's  M'liliiuciiK  4M  la  4li;;iHr4'  414^ 
lialiilaiils.  Ha  k' s4Mif lail  4l4'  piTwn4T 

Icr*  ('ilin4*lls4l4>  |4MII  4k>llllliag4'. 

Ilni\4*ik>s,  k'  l(»s('|)(4'iiil»r4''ltHi. 


Baron  von  Liitiwitz, 


(iitiHnI  rl  (iiMii-i  ifiur 


BERICHT 


llaai-  4'i.nni'lM'|;iiiv;  \\4'l  lM'jj:nj|M'H4l.lMrll 
4k'  I;niss4'lxlj4'  lM'\4»lkiii,:;4i\4'r  'I  ali^cirMrii 
Nan  licl  inlr4'4k>ii  4kr  I)iiils4li4'  Ii'4n>|n'II  .nl 
l<»l  Ii4'(k'n  l«M'  4k'  4>r4k'  4'n  4k'  kaliiKc  Ims 
waai'd.  Oiii  4li4'  r4'4k'if,'li4'l»  ik  ii4ig  gcoijc 
iiiaali-4',i,'»'kii  s,'4'n4»iii4*ii  oiii  4k'  In>\ ki^^iii}; 
iiu'l  4k'  Ik'l};i>4li4'  4lri4'kk«»ii'  {v  >4'ii)k><k>ii, 
lM'\lai;i;inK(li4'4kMM'  4k'  hi4'r  aaii\V4'y.ig4'  4>l 

(k*  >4M»ll»ijll'4'kk4'll4k'  (|'4M'(M'II  als  4,'4'IM'  llJl- 

4ia^iii^  \>()i-<lf  .-laii/k'ii.  Jiiisi  4>iii  |4>  iN'k'tU'ii 
(lal  4Hi/,4'  li'(>4>|M'n  lii('i'4k>4»i'  |4>I  /.4>llslaii4lig 
4»|M»'4'4k'n  /oiKk'ii  4>>4'i-i;aaii.  \4'i7.4M'k^  ik 
(han>  4k'  4'i.i;4'iiaais  4k'i-  iiiii/4'ii 4k'  |{4'l^ischc 
\la;;  \\4';;  (4'  ii4'iii4'ii. 

Ik'l  li,i,'l,},'4'4'ns/ins  jit  ik'  lM'4kM'lini,'  van 
ii4'i  lMiils4-liiiiilil.iji' (MMiM'riiniu'iii  do  iri- 

\\4t|ll'l'N   ill  lllinil4>!;4'>4M>k'IIS  fl4H'll   ill  lllllllK' 

\>aanlii,'lM'id  (4'  ki'4'iik4'ii.  |>4'  iiiaalr4'i,'4'l 
h4'4'(l  (llkcl  llll  4k»4'l  4k'  Ihii'i^i'is  U»^v\\ 
S«lia4l4'  !('    lK'l|(M'4k'll. 

IJnissi'l.  ik'ii  Hi  s4'pl('iidM'i'  101  i. 


Vrijheer  von  Luttwitz. 


On  September  2nd,  Baron  von  der  Goltz  had  said 
renounce  his  patriotic  feelings." 


"  I  do  not  ask  anyone  to 


20 


THE  "INTERPRETATION"  PUT  BY  A  GERMAN  ON  A 

PROMISE  GIVEN  BY  ANOTHER  GERMAN,  AND  THE 

BELGIAN  COMMENT. 

To  the  request  made  by  Baron  von  Liittwitz,  in  flagrant 
contradiction  to  von  der  Goltz's  pledge,  Burgomaster  Max  replied 
with  the  following  proclamation  : — 

CITY  OF  BRUSSELS. 

"Beloved  Fellow-Citizens, 

"A  notice  posted  to-day  informs  us  that  the  Belgian  flag  which 
flies  from  the  front  of  our  houses  is  looked  upon  as  a  'provocation' 
by  the  German  troops. 

"Field-Marshal  von  der  Goltz  said,  however,  in  his  proclamation 
of  September  2nd,  that  'nobod}^  would  be  required  to  abjure  his 
patriotic  feelings/  Thus  w^e  could  not  foresee  that  the  expression 
of  these  feelings  would  be  regarded  as  an  offence. 

"The  proclamation  which  informs  us  that  it  is  so  is,  I  acknow- 
ledge, drawn  up  in  moderate  terms  and  with  a  regard  for  our 
susceptibilities. 

"It  will  none  the  less  be  deeply  wounding  to  the  sensitive  and 
proud  population  of  Brussels. 

"  I  ask  the  population  of  this  town  to  give  a  fresh  example  of 
the  self-restraint  and  greatness  of  soul  which  it  has  already  so  often 
exhibited  during  these  sad  days. 

"Let  us  provisionally  accept  the  sacrifice  which  is  imposed 
upon  us  ;  let  us  withdraw  our  flags  in  order  to  prevent  any  friction, 
and  patiently  await  the  hour  of  redress. 

"The  Burgomaster, 

"Brussels,  September  i6th,  1914."  "Adolphe  Max/' 


TRANSLATION. 

NOTICE. 

"The  population  of  Brussels  have  up  till  now,  understanding 
their  own  interests,  maintained  their  calm  since  the  entry  of  the 
German  arm}^  For  this  reason,  I  have  not  as  yet  taken  any  measures 
to  forbid  the  display  of  Belgian  flags,  which  is  considered  as  a  provoca- 
tion by  the  troops  remaining  in  Brussels.  It  is  precisely  in  order  to 
avoid  any  action  taken  by  our  troops  on  their  own  initiative  that 
I  now  urge  the  householders  to  withdraw  their  flags.  • 

"The  German  Government  has  no  intention  of  hurting  the 
feelings  or  the  dignity  of  the  inhabitants  by  this  measure.  Their 
only  object  is  to  preserve  the  citizens  from  all  damage. 

"Brussels,  September  16th,   1914. 

"Baron  von  Luttwitz, 

"Major-General  and  Governor.** 

21 


NOTICE      BY      LIEUTENANT-GENERAL      HURT,      GOVERNOR      OF 

BRUSSELS  AND   BRABANT,   FORBIDDING  ALL  DEMONSTRATIONS 

ON   THE    OCCASION   OF   THE    NATIONAL    BELGIAN    FETE. 

JULY  I2TH,  1918 


Jfede  Feier  aui  Aniass  des  am  31.  7.  16 
ttlfindcBdea,  darch  belgisches  Gesetz  vom 
'  5.  1890  zHin  Kcsetiiichea  Feie.rtag 
klartea,  belgischeo  j^atioaalfeiertajp  wird 
rboten. 

Ich  wane  vor  j^lichen  DeiboattraUoaeii, 
[>zu  nater  aaderem  rechaea  : 
^ffentliche   VenaioinlaaKeB,   Umzfige,  Aa- 
mmlaagea    des    PubKLums,    Aasprachea, 
ihalfeierB,  das  Niederlegea  voa  Blaniea  aa 
eakmSler*  asw.,  sowie  das  Flaggea  ofleat- 
her  Oder  privater  Gebaade, 
s  Scklietsen  der  Yerkaafsladea  oder  Cafes 
w.  ZM  uai^wdhaliebea  Stuadea. 
Zuwiderhaadlaagea  werdea  mit  Freiheils- 
■afen  bis  zu  4  HoDatea  uad  mit  Geldstrafea 
)  zu  30000. —  Hark  oder  mit  eiaer  diesor 
rafea  geahadet;  strafbar  macht  sieb  aich? 
ir  der  Titer,  soadera  aach  der  Aastifter 
id  Gehfilfe. 

Ich  weise  aasserdem  darauF  bia,  data  der 
ischlaf;  oder  die  Verbreituag  aicht  zeasa- 
;rter  Schriftea,  jowie  das  heraasfordcrade 
■agea  voa  Abzeicbea  verbotea  siad  uad  daM 
de  Zuwiderbaadlaag  strafbar  ist. 

Bribsd,  dea  13.  JaU  1016.      o»«-    •"  -n 


HURT, 


AUe  feestelijkhedea  aaar  aaaleidiag  van  den 
aatioBalea  feestdag  la  Belgie  op  21  Juli  1010, 
die  tot  weltelijkea  feestdag  verklaard  werd 
bij  de  Belgische  wet  raa  37  Mei  1890,  zija 
verbodea 

Ik  waarschuw  voor  betoogiagea  van  elkea 
aard.   Als  zoodaaig  zija  o.  a.  te  beschouwea  : 

openbare  vergaderiagea,  stoetea,  aamea- 
scboliagea  vaa  bet  pabliek,  toesprakea,  feeste- 
lijkbeden  in  de  schoien.  bet  aeerleggen  van 
bloemea  aaa den  voet  vaa  gedeakteekena,  eaz., 
alsook  bet  bevlaggea  van  openbare  gebouwea 
of  privaathuizea, 

bet  sluitea  op  aiet  gebruikelijke  area  vaa 
winkels  en  ma|p»zijaea  of  koflBehuizea,  enz. 

Orertrediagea  wordea  gestraft  met  lea 
boogste  6  maaad  gevangeais  en  met  ten 
boogste  30.000  mark  boete,  of  met  een  dezer 
straflen;  aiet  enkel  de  dader,  docb  00k  de 
aaasticbterea  de  belper  makea  zicb  strafbaar. 

Ik  wijs  er  boveadiea  op,  dat  bet  aaaplakkea 
of  bet  verspreidea  vaa  aiet-geoeasareerde 
geschriftea,  alsook  bet  dragea  op  aitdageade 
vryze  vaa  keateekeas  verbodea  is  ea  dat  rike 
OTerfarcder  zich  strafbaar  maakt. 

dea  13*  JaH  1910. 


■  CrMieemawr  v&n  BHUmI  mnd  BrebmiU 
HURT 
GcBeraDeataaat. 


Avis 


n  est  defeadu  de  celebrer  d'aae  roaniere 
qaplcoaqae  la  f ^te  nationale  beige  du  31  juil- 
let  1916,  d6claree  jour  ferie  legal  par  la  loi 
beige  du  37  mai  1890 

Je  previeas  la  population  qu'elle  devra 
s'absteair  de  toutes  demoastratioas.  telles  que  -. 

rennioas  publiqwes,  corteges,  rassenible- 
meats,  baraaguea  el  discours,  f^Ies  scolaires, 
depositioa  de  fleurs  devaat  certains  monu- 
ments, etc.,  pavoisemeat  d'edifices  publics  ou< 
prives, 

fermeture  dea  magasias,  cafes,  etc.  a  dea 
heures  exceptiaaaelles. 

Lea  infractions  seroat  punies  Soit  d'une 
peine  d'enprisonnement  de  6  mois  au  plus  ei 
d'une  aroeade  pouvaat  atteindre  30000  marcs, 
soit  d'uae  de  oes  deux  peines  a  rexchisioB  de 
I'autre;  seroat  passibles  de  oes  peines  aoa 
sealemeat  ies'  auteurs  des  lafractioas  mais 
aussi  Ies  fauteurs  et  Ies  complices 

J'altire,  ea  outre,  Talteatioa  du  public  sur 
ce  qu'il  est  defeadu  d'afficher  et  de  repaadre 
des  ^rits  BOB  censures  ou  de  porter  des 
iarigaes  d'uae  maai^re  provocatrice. 

BnueOes,  le  13  juillet  1916. 

B»r  Gmwotrnmr  ran  Bru*»el  und 
HIJRT, 


Compare  this  with  the  promise  of  Buron  von  der  Goltz 
to   renounce  his  patriotic  sentiments." 


I  do  not  ask  anyone 


22 


A  TOPICAL   SERMON   BY  CARDINAL   MERCIER. 

On' July  2ist,  1916,  a  solemn  service  was  celebrated  in  the 
Cathedral  of  Saint-Gudule,  at  Brussels,  for  the  lepose  of  the  souls 
of  Belgian  soldiers  who  died  for  their  country.  On  this  occasion 
Cardinal  Mercier  mounted  the  pulpit  and  preached  a  sermon  from 
which  we  give  some  extracts. 

"Jerusalem    was    made    an    habitation    of    strangers:     her 
festival  days  were  turned  into  mourning." 

First  Book  of  Maccabees,  chap.  1.  verses  40,  41. 

"If,  in  spite  of  its  horrors,  war — ^I  mean  a  just  war — has  so  much  austere 
beauty,  it  is  because  war  brings  out  the  disinterested  enthusiasm  of  a  whole 
people,  which  gives,  or  is  prepared  to  give,  its  most  precious  possession,  even 
life  itself,  for  the  defence  and  the  vindication  of  things  which  cannot  be 
weighed,  nor  calculated,  nor  monopolised  :  Justice,  Honour,  Peace, 
Liberty  !  .  .   . 

"...  One  of  the  clergy  of  the  capital  has  been  condemned  to  twelve 
years'  penal  servitude.  I  was  allowed  to  go  into  his  cell  to  embrace  and  to 
bless  him.  'I  have  three  brothers  at  the  front,'  he  said,  'and  I  think  I  am 
here  chiefly  because  I  helped  the  youngest — he  is  only  seventeen — to  rejoin 
the  elder  ones  ;  one  of  my  sisters  is  in  a  neighbouring  cell,  but  thank  God, 
my  mother  is  not  left  alone  ;  indeed,  she  has  sent  us  a  message  to  say  that 
she  is  not  in  tears.' 

"Do  not  our  mothers  remind  us  of  the  mother  of  the  Maccabees  ?  .  .  . 

"It  needs  courage  to  throw  oneself  forward,  but  it  needs  no  less  to  hold 
oneself  back.  There  are  times  when  it  is  more  noble  to  suffer  in  silence  than 
to  act.  And  what  of  these  two  years  of  calm  submission  by  the  Belgian 
people  before  the  inevitable ;  this  unshakable  tenacity,  which  moved  a 
humble  woman,  before  whom  the  possibiUties  of  an  approaching  conclusion 
of  peace  were  being  discussed,  to  say  :  'Oh,  you  must  not  be  in  a  hurry  on 
our  account ;  we  can  go  on  waiting.'  What  a  fine  example  this  is  for  the 
generations    to    come  !" 


TRANSLATION. 

NOTICE. 

"All  festivities  on  the  occasion  of  the  NATIONAL  BELGIAN  FETE 
DAY,  on  July  21st,  1916,  declared  a  public  hohday  by  the  Belgian  law  of 
May  27th,  1890,  are  forbidden. 

"I  warn  the  population  to  abstain  from  any  demonstrations  such  as  : — 

"Public  meetings,  processions,  assembhes,  harangues  and  speeches,  school 
feasts,  laying  of  flowers  on  certain  monuments,  display  of  flags  on  private  or 
pubUc  monuments. 

"Shutting  of  shops,  cafes,  etc.,  at  unusual  hours. 

"Any  breach  of  this  rule  will  be  punished  with  6  months'  imprisonment 
and  a  fine  not  exceeding  20,000  marks,  or  by  either  of  these  punishments. 
Not  only  the  perpetrators  of  the  deeds,  but  also  the  instigators  and  the  accom- 
plices will  be  punished. 

"I  also  draw  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the  fact  that  it  is  forbidden 
to  post  up  or  to  circulate  any  uncensored  matter,  or  to  wear  badges  in  a 
provocative  way. 

"Brussels,  July  12th.  1916. 

' '  The  Governor  of  Brussels  and  Brabant, 

"Hurt, 
' '  Lieutenant-General. ' ' 

23 


II. 

THE  ATROCITIES  AT   ANDENNE 


A  COLLECTION   OF  POSTERS 
ILLUSTRATING  THE  REIGN  OF  TERROR 


PROCLAMATION    BY    GENERAL  VON    BULOVV.   ANNOUNCING    THE 

SACK    OF    ANDENNE    TO    THE    INHABITANTS    OF    LifiGE. 

AUGUST    22ND,    1914. 


Iimiiii-iiiioiiinilo 


LE  22  AOUT  1914 


IIb.IrD.N.  150. 


DE  LA 


Les  habitants  de  la  ville  dAndenne,  apr6s 
avoir  proteste  de  leurs  intentions  pacifiques. 
ont  fait  une  surprise  traitre  sur  nos  troupes. 
Cest  avec  mon  consentement  que  le  G6n6ral 
en  chef  ?.  fait  brtiler  toute  la  locality  et  que 
cent  personnes  environ   ont  6t6  fusillees. 

Je  porte  ce  fait  ^  la  connaissance  de  la  Ville 
de  Li6ge  pour  que  les  Li6geoisse  repr^sentent 
le  sort  dont  ils  sont  menaces,  sils  prenaient 
pareille  attitude. 

Ensuite.  il  a  6t6  trouv6  dans  un  magasin 
darmes  h  Huy  des  projectiles  *  dum-dum  »  dans 
le  genre  du  specimen  joint  k  la  pr6sente  lettre 
Au  cas  que  cela  arrivAt.  on  demandera  rigou 
reusement  compte  chaque  fois  des  personnes 
en  question 

Le  General-Commandant  en  chef 
(s)  von  BULOW 


Imp  La  Mkum 


The  figures  quoted  by  the  German  General  are  much  lo.ver  than  the  actual 
number  of  dead. 

26 


Indictment  by  the  Bishop  of  Namur. 

"If  one  had  to  characterise  in  a  few  words  the  facts  of  Andenne — to  the 
exclusion  of  what  happened  at  Seilles,  which  is  not  in  our  diocese — we  should 
say  that  there  were  two  successive  scenes  independent  of  one  another.  The 
first,  that  of  Thursday,  was  a  foolish  panic  amongst  the  German  troops  ;  the 
second,  that  of  Friday,  an  orgy  of  blood. 

"On  Thursday,  August  20th,  about  6.15  in  the  evening,  shots  were  hejird. 
Were  they,  as  Goetze  certifies,  directed  against  an  aeroplane  ?  Were  they 
accidental  or  intentional  ?  Probably  we  shall  never  be  able  to  determine. 
But  the  main  point,  which  can  no  longer  be  called  in  question,  is  that  the 
shots  were  not  fired  from  Andenne  at  all,  but  from  the  heights  of  Seilles,  and 
that  they  were  fired  not  by  civilians,  but  by  German  troops. 

"When  these  shots  were  fired,  the  first  and  most  obvious  duty  of  the 
authorities  was  to  inquire  from  what  point  the  fire  proceeded.  They  should 
have  urged  their  men  to  keep  quiet,  and  instituted  an  inquiry. 

"They  would  immediately  have  ascertained  that  there  was  no  Belgian 
or  French  soldier  in  the  vicinity,  that  no  civilian  had  the  least  grudge  against 
the  troops,  and  they  must  then  have  found  out  that  it  was  their  own  men  who 
had   fired." 
{Protest  of  Mgr.   Heylen   against  the    German  White  Book,  October  Slst,  1915.) 

Statistics  of  the  Sack  of  Andenne. 

' '  The  statistics  of  the  losses  at  Andenne  give  the  following  total : — Three 
hundred  were  massacred  in  Andenne  and  Seilles,  and  about  two  hundred  houses 
were  burnt  in  the  two  locahties.  A  great  number  of  inhabitants  have 
disappeared.  Almost  every  house  has  been  sacked  and  rifled.  The  pillage 
lasted  several  days." 

{Extract  from  the  11th  Report  of  the  Belgian  Commission  of  Inquiry.) 

The  German  Admission. 

During  the  inquiry  made,  in  January,  1915,  by  Sub-Lieutenant  Goetze, 
the  Acting  Burgomaster  of  Andenne  submitted  a  hst  of  the  victims. 
Concerning  this  list  Goetze  points  out  in  his  report  : — 

"An  examination  of  this  list  shows  that  only  196  people  are  absolutely 
proved  to  have  been  shot :    28  have  merely  disappeared." 

{German  White  Book   of  May   10th,    1915,   B,   Anlage   4.) 


TRANSLATION. 

A  RMEE-OBERKOMMA  NDO 

"To  the  Communal  Authorities  of  the  Town  of  Liege. 

"August  22nd,  1914. 

"The  inhabitants  of  the  town  of  Andenne,  after  ha\dng  protested  their 
peaceful  intentions,  made  a  treacherous  surprise  attack  on  our  troops. 

"It  was  with  my  consent  that  the  General  had  the  whole  place  burnt 
down  and  about  100  people  shot. 

"I  bring  this  fact  to  the  knowledge  of  the  town  of  Li6ge  so  that  its 
inhabitants  may  know  the  fate  with  which  they  are  threatened  if  they  take 
up  a  similar  attitude. 

"Dum-dum  bullets  were  subsequently  found  in  a  gunsmith's  shop 
at  Huy,  of  a  kind  of  which  I  enclose  you  a  specimen  with  the  present  document. 
If  this  happens  again  it  will  be  necessary  to  call  the  persons  in  question  to 
account. 

"The  General  Commanding-in-Chief, 

(S.)      "von   BtTLOW." 

27 


.POSTER    PUBLISHED    BY    ORDER     OF    THE    GERMAN     MILITARY 

AUTHORITIES    ON    THE    DAY    OF    THE    MASSACRE. 

AUGUST  2IST,  1914. 


Par  ordre  de  l'autorlt6  militaire  AllemaQde 
occupant  la  ville  d'Andenne, 

Tous  les  hommes  sent  retenus  comme  otages. 

Par  coup  de  feu  tire  sur  les  troupes  Aile- 
mandes,  il  y  aura  AU  MOINSdeuxolages  fusill6s 

Les  otages  seront  nourris  par  les  femmes,  qui 
leur  porteront  le  n^cessaire  pres  du  pont  a  6 
heures  du  soir  et  a  8  heures  du  matin. 

II  est  strictement  defendu  aux  femmes  de  converser  avec 
les  otages. 

Toutes  les  Rues  et  Places  publiques  seront  imm^diate- 
ment  nettoyees  PAR  TOUTES  LES  FEMMES  DE  LA  VILLE, 
sous  peine  d'arrestation. 

11  est  formellement  defendu  de  cireuler  dans 
la  ville  apres  7  heures  du  soir  et  avant  7  heures 
du  matin,  sous  peine  de  repression  severe. 

Les  raorts  seront  immediatement  ensevelis  sans  aucune 
formality. 

Les  jeunes  gens  k  partir  de  14  ans  et  les  femmes  devront  pre- 
ter  leur  concours  a  toute  requisition. 

II  est  strictement  d6fendu  de  se  montrer  aux  fen^tres, 
Andenne,  le  21  aotiit  1914. 

Par  ordre  de  I  autorite  militaire  Allemande: 

L' Adjoint  du  BoargmMtre,  Le  Bourgmettre  deiign^, 

D*^  Ledoyen.  E.  de  Jaer. 

Le  S«c-r<Uir«, 

Monrique. 

The  massacres  and  pillages  of  Andenne  occurred  on  August  20th,  21st  and 
22nd,  1914. 

The  German  troops  belonged  to  the  1st  and  2nd  regiments  of  Reserve  of  Guards 
and  to  a  battalion  of  "Jaeger"  of  the  Guards.  They  were  commanded  by  General 
von  Langermann.  They  included  also  a  battalion  of  Pioneers  commanded  by 
Major  Scheunemann. 

28 


The   Truthfulness   of  the   Reports   of  the   Belgian    Commission 
of  Inquiry  Demonstrated  by  a  German  Poster. 

The  circumstances  of  the  Andenne  massacre  are  related  in  the  nth  Report  of  the 
Belgian  Commission  of  Inquiry.  Of  this  massacre  the  poster  here  reproduced  (pubhshed 
by  order  of  the  German  authorities)  naturally  makes  no  mention. 

The  particulars  of  the  repressive  measures  described  in  the  poster  should  be 
compared  with  the  following  passages  of  the  Commission's  Report : — 

"About  lo  in  the  morning  the  officers  dismissed  the  women,  ordering  them  to  collect 
the  dead  bodies  and  to  wash  away  the  stains  of  blood  which  defiled  the  street  and  the 
houses.  About  midday,  the  surviving  men,  to  the  number  of  800,  were  shut  up  as 
hostages  in  three  httle  houses  near  the  bridge  ;  but  they  were  not  allowed  to  go  out  of 
them  on  any  pretext,  and  were  so  crammed  together  that  they  could  not  even  sit  down 
on  the  floor.  The  state  of  these  prisons  rapidly  became  indescribable.  Later  in  the 
day  the  women  were  allowed  to  bring  food  to  their  husbands.  Many  of  them,  fearing 
outrage,  had  taken  flight.  The  hostages  were  not  finally  released  until  the  following 
Tuesday." 

The  Testimony  of  the  Bishop  of  Namur. 

' '  At  Andenne  there  is,  thank  God,  a  sufficiency  of  verified  facts  to  make  it  unnecessary 
to  invent  them.     We  will  confine  ourselves  to  relating  the  following  from  memory  : — 

"i.  On  August  19th  the  men  of  the  La  Levee  district  were  seized  by  the  German 
troops  and  compelled  to  march  before  them  and  serve  as  a  shield  against  the  attacks 
of  the  Belgian  soldiers  in  a  reconnaissance  in  the  South  Wood. 

"2.  Continuous  ill-treatment  was  inflicted  on  a  group  of  peaceful  inhabitants  of 
Peu  d'Eau  and  Hautebise  who  had  been  sent  to  Landenne,  Amay,  and  La  Chartreuse. 

"3.  The  slaughter  of  civihans  at  Hautebise.  On  Thursday  evening,  August  20th, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  town,  infuriated  soldiers  fell  upon  them  and  killed  them  with  the 
bayonet.  About  15  persons,  among  whom  were  women  and  children,  were  massacred  ; 
others  already  wounded  were  brutally  finished  off  during  the  night. 

"4.  Numerous  and  wanton  acts  of  incendiarism  were  perpetrated,  not  by  the 
artillery,  as  is  stated,  but  by  hand,  accompanied  by  the  pillage  of  the  whole  town. 

"5.  The  execution  of  a  not  yet  ascertained  number  of  innocent  people,  perhaps 
more  than  200,  of  whom  not  one  had  fired,  or  even  committed  the  least  act  of  ill-will 
against  the  troops." 

[Protest  of  the  Bishop  of  Namur,  Mgr,  Heylen,  against  the  accusations  in  the 
German  White  Book,  October  31st,  1915.) 


TRANSLATION. 

INHABITANTS  OF  ANDENNE. 

"By  order  of  the  German  miUtary  authority  occupying  the  town  of  Andenne  :— 

"All  the  men  are  held  as  hostages. 

"For  every  shot  fired  at  the  German  troops,  AT  LEAST  two  hostages  vi-ill  be  shot. 

"The  hostages  will  be  fed  by  the  women,  who  will  bring  them  their  rations  close 
to  the  bridge  at  6  in  the  evening  and  8  in  the  morning, 

"Women  are  strictly  forbidden  to  converse  with  the  hostages. 

"All  streets  and  pubUc  places  will  immediately  be  cleaned  by  all  the  women  of  the 
town,  on  pain  of  immediate  arrest. 

"It  is  strictly  forbidden  to  move  about  the  town  after  7  in  the  evening  and  before 
7  in  the  morning,  on  pain  of  severe  punishment. 

"The  dead  will  immediately  be  buried  without  any  formaUty.     The  young  people 
over  14  and  the  women  must  give  their  assistance  in  every  case  of  requisition. 

"It  is  strictly  forbidden  to  show  oneself  at  the  windows. 
** Andenne,  August  21st,  1914. 

"By  order  of  the  German  military  authority, 

"The  Assistant-Burgomaster,  "The  Burgomaster-Designate, 

"Dr.  Ledoyen.  "E.  de  Jaer. 

"The  Secretary, 

"MONRIQUE." 

29 


PROCLAMATION   BY  THE  MILITARY  COMMANDER  OF  ANDENNE, 

APPEALING     TO     INFORMERS     IN     ORDER     TO     DISCOVER     THE 

AUTHORS   OF   AN   IMAGINARY   PLOT.— AUGUST   22ND,    1914. 

pFoelamatioD 


Le  20  Aoiit  de  cette  annee  on  a  tire  de  nombreuses  maisons 
de  la  ville  d'Andenne  sur  les  troupes  Allemandes  qui  passaient 
par  Ja  ville,  on  a  jete  aussi  des  bombe?.  II  est  stir,  que  la  pre- 
miere attaque  de  feu  eut  lieu  selon  un  certain  plan  tout  en 
m^me  temps  dans  plusieurs  rues  :  daris  la  rue  Brun,  rue  de 
rH6tel  de  Ville  a  la  place  des  Tilleuls  et  plusieurs  autres  rues. 
Un  uombre  de  personnes  militaires  so^t  tu6s  ou  blesses  et  le 
materiel  de  guerre  est  endommage. 

Apres  avoir  refus6  les  premieres  attaques,  on  a  tir6  de  nou- 
veau  de  beaucoup  de  maisons  plusieurs  heures  et  encore  le  21 
Aoilt,  I'apres-midiA  deux  heures,  un  sous-officier  futtud  par  un 
coup  d'unedes  maisons  dela  rue  de  I'HOtel  de  Ville, 

Les  habitants  coupables,  qu'on  a  trouv6s  jusqu'6,  main  tenant 
sont  fusill6s  par  le  Conseil  de  guerre,  sans  qu'il  fut  possible  de 
trouver  les  personnes  qui  ont  arrange  le  complot. 

On  appelle  cependant  k  Thonneur  de  la  Ville  d'Andenne,  la- 
quelle  est  consid^r^e  dans  les  yeux  du  monde  civilise  comme 
un  nid  de  meurtriers  et  bandits. 

Peut-etre  il  est  possible  de  r^tablir  Thonneur  de  cette  ville  ; 
c'est  pourquoi  on  invite  les  habitants  dans  leur  propre  int6r6t  de 
communiquer  k  I'autorit^  militaire  tout  ce  qui  peut  servir  de 
progr^s  de  reveler  le  compiot  et  ses  auteurs. 

Celui  qui  livre  des  preuves  capables,  recoit  selon  leur  valeur 
une  prime  de  500  -  1000  francs. 

Les  mesures  qui  ont  et6  prises  seront  ou  pourraient  etre  plus 
t6t  adoucies  des  que  I'enquete  aura  fait  d^s  progres  pour  faire 
connaitre  les  coupables. 

Le  Commandant  de  la  Ville. 

Andenne,  le  22  aotlt  19i4. 

It  will  he  noticed  that  the  so-called  "guilty"  had  been  shot  before  the  inquiry 
began. 


30 


TRAXSLATION. 

PROCLAMATION.* 

"On  August  20th  of  this  year  there  was  firing  from  numerous  houses 
of  the  town  of  Andenne  on  the  German  troops  who  were  passing  through  the 
town  ;  bombs  were  also  thrown.  It  is  certain  that  the  first  outbreak  of  firing 
occurred  in  accordance  with  a  pre-arranged  plan,  at  precisely  the  same  time 
in  several  streets  :  in  the  Rue  Brun,  the  Rue  de  l'H6tel  de  Ville,  the  Place 
des  Tilleuls,  and  several  other  streets.  A  number  of  soldiers  have  been  killed 
or  wounded  and  war  material  damaged. 

"After  ignoring  the  first  attacks,  there  was  again  firing  from  many  houses 
for  several  hours,  and  again  on  August  21st,  at  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon, 
an  under-officer  was  killed  by  a  shot  from  one  of  the  houses  in  the  Rue  de  I'Hotel 
de  Villc. 

"Those  guilty  inhabitants  who  have  already  been  found  have  been  shot 
by  the  Council  of  War,  but  it  was  not  possible  to  find  the  persons  who  arranged 
the  plot. 

"We  appeal,  however,  to  the  honour  of  the  City  of  Andenne,  which  appears 
in  the  eyes  of  the  civilised  world  as  a  nest  of  murderers  and  bandits. 

"Perhaps  it  is  possible  to  restore  the  honour  of  this  town  ;  this  is  why 
the  inhabitants  are  invited,  in  their  own  interest,  to  communicate  to  the 
military  authority  any  information  that  may  assist  them  to  reveal  the  plot 
and  its  authors. 

"Any  person  furnishing  evidence  on  which  action'  can  be  taken  will 
receive  a  reward  of  500-1,000  frs.,  according  to  the  value  of  the  evidence. 

"Relief  from  the  measures  which  have  been  taken  will  be  conditional 
on  the  progress  of  the  inquiry  as  to  who  are  the  guilty  parties. 

"The  Commandant  of  the  City. 
"Andenne,   August   22nd,    1914." 


*  The  French  of  this  proclamation  is  so  bad  that  literal  translation  is 
impossible,  but  I  have  kept  as  close  to  the  original  as  is  consistent  with 
intelligibihty. — Translator. 


31 


THE    GERMAN   "INQUIRIES"    AT   ANDENNE 

Let  us  see  what  the  Bishop  of  Namur  has  to  say  on  the  subject 
of  the  German  "inquiries."  The  Bishop  went  himself  to  Andenne 
to  make  an  independent  investigation. 


' '  Several  inquiries  have  been  made  by  the  German  authorities  into  the 
happenings  at  Andenne.  In  our  opinion  they  tend  very  remarkably  to  establish 
the  innocence  of  the  population  of  Andenne,  for  the  result  is  that  the  German 
authorities  do  not  even  attempt  to  establish  either  the  origin  of  the  firing, 
or  the  guilt  of  the  clergy  and  civilians,  or  the  legality  of  the  burnings  and 
massacres. 

"A  first  inquiry  was  held  on  August  23rd  by  Lieutenant  Backhaus.  This 
bore  specially  upon  the  following  points  : — '  What  did  the  parish  priest  say 
from  the  pulpit  on  vSunday  last  ?  Did  he  say  that  the  inhabitants  must  shoot  ? 
Did  he  ring  to  give  the  signal  ?  Was  there  a  conspiracy  ?  Do  you  know 
who  threw  the  bombs  ?' 

"In  the  White  Book  there  is  no  trace  of  this  inquiry,  probably  because 
it  was  favourable  to  innocence. 

"For  a  long  time  past  the  charge  against  the  honourable  senior  priest 
has  been  abandoned.  All  the  officers  and  soldiers  who  passed  through  Namur 
and  in  the  district  between  the  Sambre  and  the  Meuse  have  given  an  echo  of  it. 
Who  has  not  heard  these  words  which  have  served  everywhere  to  terrorise  : 
'Pastor  Andenne,  Kaput !'  ?  .  .  . 

"Lieutenant  Goetze  made,  in  January,  1915,  a  second  inquiry,  of  which 
the  official  report  has  now  been  published.  This  officer  seems  to  have  been 
charged  to  carry  his  investigations  not  into  the  whole  course  of  events,  but 
into  secondary  circumstances  :  *  Is  it  true  that  the  Germans  shot  other  doctors 
besides  Dr.  Camus  ?  That  they  killed  seven  persons  in  the  same  family  ? 
That  civilians  have  been  placed  before  a  mitrailleuse  under  threat  of  death 
if  the  fort  fired  ?  That  a  young  man  was  killed  for  having  worn  an  empty 
cartridge  as  a  charm  ?' 

"After  interrogating  eleven  notables,  who  had  little  to  answer  to  this 
questioning  which  excluded  the  principal  facts,  the  officer  concludes  'that 
reports  unworthy  of  belief  have  circulated  in  Andenne  and  are  attributable 
to  the  mentahty  of  the  people,  which  is,  as  a  schoolmaster  affirms,  exceedingly 
silly.'  " 

[Protest  of  the  Bishop  of  Namur  against  the  German  White  Book, 
October  31st,  1916.) 

32 


II. 
The  Inquiry  of  Von  Eulwege. 

On  September  8th,  191 4,  the  Frankfurter  Zetiung  published  an  accourt 
by  Dr.  Alexander  Berg,  according  to  which  the  parish  priest  of  Andenne  had, 
by  means  of  a  bell,  given  the  signal  for  attacking  the  German  troops.  At  once 
the  German  Bureau  for  Catholic  Defence,  Pax,  wrote  to  the  military  authorities 
of  Andenne  in  order  to  ascertain  whether  this  account  was  true. 

On  December  8th,  191 4,  Lieutenant-Colonel  von  Eulwege  wrote,  from 
Namur,  the  following  letter  : — 

"My  personal  inquiries  from  a  large  number  of  people,  which  were  very 
carefully  conducted,  do  not  yield  a  single  proof  that  the  cur6  of  Andenne 
excited  the  population  to  street  fighting.  Each  one  has  a  different  story  to 
tell  about  the  events  of  last  August  20th  that  explains  itself  ;  the  greater  part 
of  the  people  saw  little  of  the  actual  fighting,  as  they  were  mostly  crouching 
with  fear  in  their  cellars." 


33 


NOTICE     ABOUT     FOOD     DISTRIBUTION     AMONG     THE     POPULA- 
TION,   SIGNED    BY    THE    MILITARY    COMMANDER    OF    ANDENNE. 

BEKANNTMACHUNG 

1.  Die  Versorgung  der  Bevolkerung  mit  Lebensmiteln  wird 
durch  die  Kommandantur  und  die  von  ihr  eingesetzte  Zivilver- 
waltung  von  Andenne  soweit  wie  moglich  geregelt. 

2.  Zu  diesem  Zwecke  wirdt  jeder  freihandige  Verkauf  von 
Lebensmitteln  verboten. 

3.  Die  Besitzer  von  Lebensmitteln  haben  der  Verwaltung  so- 
fort  die  vorhandenen  Bestande  zu  melden.  Den  Eigentttmern 
wird  die  Anlieferungentweder  durch  Bargeld  oder  durch  ge- 
stempelte  spiiter  Zahlbare  Quittung  beseheinlgt.  Die  restlose 
Anmeldung  liegt  im  dringensten  Interesse  der  Bevolkerung. 

4.  Lebensmittel  fur  den  Gebrauch  auf  zwei  Tage  ftlr  die  Fa- 
milie  sind  von  der  Anmeldung  ausgenommen. 

5.  Der  Verwaltung  stehen  alle  Menschen  zur  sofortingen 
Ernte  zur  Verfugung.  Die  gute  Einbringung  auch  der  zur  Zeit 
herrenloson  Felder  ist  mit  alien  Mitteln  anzustreben. 

Die  kominandantur. 

Andenne.  Sonntaj?  23  VIll  1914. 


AVIS  OFFICIEL 


Le  ravitaillement  de  la  population  aera  ftdt  par  leg  soins  de 
Tadministration  militaire  secourue  par  rAdminlBtration  civile 
d' Andenne  constitute  per  legouverneinentallemand,autant  que 

possible. 

1.  A  ce  sujet  Ja  vente  de  denrces  et  de  vdvresest  formellement 

interdite. 

2.  Les  propri^taires  sont  avisos  de  signaler  tout  de  suite  la 
quantite  de  leurs  vivres.  Les  denr^s  seront  prises  sur  argent 
comptant  ou  sur  bon  remboursable. 

3.  II  serait  dans  I'interet  de  la  population  d'annoncer  exacte- 
ment  les  quantit6s  de  leurs  vivres. 

4.  Les  vivres  ne  d^passant  pas  deux  jours  pour  la  famille  n'oiit 
pas  besoin  d'etre  signales, 

5.  Toutes  les  forces  disponibles  de  la  commune  restent  au  soin 
de  r Administration  pour  la  r6colte.  Les  propri6tes  abandonn^es 
seront  recoltees  de  meme. 

Le  Commandant  de  la  Ville. 

Andenne,  le  23  aoat  1914. 

34 


FAMINE    AFTER    MASSACRE. 

"Andenne  has  a  working-class  population.  The  administration 
had  at  once  to  feed  the  starving  people.  And  as  the  result  of  a 
number  of  prisoners  being  released  from  day  to  day  (work  having 
completely  ceased  in  the  factories)  there  were  thousands  to  be  fed 
at  the  public  expense.  All  these  persons  were  employed  in  the 
public  services. 

"The  problem  of  revictualling  the  plundered  and  ruined  town 
was  solved  by  the  devotion  of  this  improvised  committee,  with 
the  help  of  all  public-spirited  men.  The  Prussians  would  not  hear 
of  the  former  council  being  re-established.  Its  members  saw  that 
good  could  only  be  done  by  hastening  to  answer  the  appeal  of  the* 
provisional  administration  and  offering  it  their  assistance." 

{Report  of  the  Abbe  Bobon,  communicated  to  the 
Belgian  Government.) 


TRANSLATION. 

OFFICIAL   NOTICE. 

"The  revictualling  of  the  population  will  be  effected  as  far 
as  possible  b}^  the  efforts  of  the  Military  Administration,  assisted 
by  the  Civil  Administration  of  Andenne  constituted  by  the  German 
Government. 

"i.  In  this  connection,  the  sale  of  provisions  and  commodities 
is  strictly  forbidden. 

"2.  Householders  are  advised  to  declare  at  once  the  quantity 
of  their  provisions.  Commodities  will  be  taken  for  cash  or  redeem- 
able voucher. 

"3.  It  would  be  in  the  interest  of  the  population  to  declare 
exactly  the  quantity  of  their  provisions. 

"4.  Provisions  not  exceeding  two  days' supply  for  the  family 
need  not  be  declared. 

"5.  All  hands  available  will  be  at  the  disposal  of  the 
Administration  for  the  gathering  of  the  harvest.  Properties 
abandoned   will  be  harvested  with  the  rest. 

"The  Commandant  of  the  Town. 
" Aftdenne,  Atigttst  2^rd,  191 4." 

35 


NOTICE     BY     MAJOR    SCHEUNEMANN,    ANNOUNCING   A    FRENCH 
DEFEAT  TO    THE    PEOPLE  OF    ANDENNE.— AUGUST  23RD.  1914. 

Andenne,  Sonntag  23  VIll  1914. 

BEKANNTMACHUNG 

Zwischen  Saarburg  und  Melz  hat  eine 
Schlacht  stattgefunden  bei  der  21.000 
Franzosen  gefangen  worden  sind. 

Seine  Majestat  der  deutsche  Kaiser 
KOnig  von  Preussen,  Markgraf  von 
Brandenburg 

HURRA ! 

SCHEUNEMANN 

Major  und  Detadiementsfuhrer, 

Andenne,  dimanche,  le  23  aoilt  1914. 

AVIS  OFFICiEL 

Entre  Saarburg  et  Metz  il  s'est  trouve 
une  grande  bataille.  Les  troupes  AUe- 
mandes  ont  fait  21.000  prisonniers  fran- 
cais. 

Vive  Sa  Majeste  I  Empereiir  tl'Allemagne,  Hoi 
de  Prusse  el  Markgrave  de  Brandeboiii'g ! 

SCHEUNEMANN 
Major  et  Chei  de  d^tachement.. 

Major  Sche-unemann  and  his  men,  the  28th  Pioneers,  were  the  chief  culprits 
in  the  massacres. 

36 


MASSACRE  AND  LOOTING  ARE  SUCCEEDED  BY 
A  POLICY  OF  DEMORALISATION. 

The  notice  opposite  was  evidently  intended  to  demoralise  the 
people — already  down-hearted  owing  to  the  outrages  of  the  previous 
days.  It  may  be  pointed  out  that  the  Wolff  communique,  dealing 
with  this  victory  over  the  French,  spoke  only  of  10,000  prisoners. 
Major  Scheunemann  added  some  11,000  more  to  the  number,  so 
as  to   make   it   more  impressive. 

A  Similar  Device  after  the  Sack  of  Louvain. 

"After  the  massacres  at  Louvain,  a  group  of  civilians,  taken 
prisoners,  were  shut  up  in  the  Military  Riding  School.  On  the 
morning  of  Saturday,  August  29th,  19 14,  officers  came  to  announce 
to  the  prisoners  the  defeat  of  the  French  at  Charleroi,  that  of  the 
English  at  Mons,  and  the  (invented)  flight  of  King  Albert." 

{Deposition  of  M.  I.  Vershiys,  Librarian  of  the  Seminaire 
Historique   at   Louvain    University.) 


TRANSLATION. 

"  Andenne,  Sunday,  August  2yd,  1914. 

OFFICIAL  NOTICE. 

"Between  Saarburg  and  Metz  there  has  been  a  great  battle. 
German  troops  have  made  21,000  prisoners. 

"Long  live  His  Majesty  the  Emperor  of  Germany,   King  of 
Prussia  and  Margrave  of  Brandenburg  ! 

"Scheunemann, 

"Major  and  Chief  of  Detachment  " 


37 


LETTER  FROM  THE  ASSOCIATION  "LA  MAISON  DES  OUVRIERS 
ANDENNAIS"  (THE  GUILD  OF  WORKMEN  OF  ANDENNE),  INVITING 
ITS  MEMBERS  TO  THE  ANNIVERSARY  SERVICE,  CELEBRATED 
IN  THE  CHURCH  OF  ANDENNE.  IN  MEMORY  OF  THOSE  MEMBERS 
KILLED    BY   THE    GERMANS    IN    1914— AUGUST  24TH.   191 5 


■    LA  -iVI^ISON   OES   OUVRIBRS    ANDBNNAIS,  fcm  cclchrcr, 
Mardi  prochain  s*  Aoilt,  i  lo  heiiies  (//,  It),  en  riigliy.v  CollC'^iah 

d'Andcnne.  iin  service  aitnivvis^irc  p^>ur  h  repos  dc  I'jrm  do  scs 
membres  : 


1);  UM  ^ 


H 


..  ..      :,.  .   'yy  ASSfSTEH 
R,  L    —  P. 

LA    COMMrSSION. 


AndL'nne.  /. 


I 


Note  that  the  reference   to-  those  "deceased  the  23rd  August,   1914,"   corre- 
sponds to  the  date  of  the  massacre   at  Andenne. 

38 


STATISTICS  OF  THE  CIVILIAN  MASSACRES  IN  BELGIUM 
DURING  THE  FIRST  MONTHS  OF  THE  INVASION. 

The  list  of  names  given  for  Andenne  by  the  Guild,  whose  invitation  to  a  memorial  service 
we  reproduce,  only  represents  a  very  small  drop  in  the  river  of  blood  which  flowed  in  Belgium 
during  the  first  months  of  the  invasion.  The  returns  are  not  yet  complete  enough  to  establish 
the  total,  but  it  is  possible  to  give  the  following  details. 


Aerschot  +    150. 

Louvain  4;^  100   (including  those  killed  at 
Greater  Lou  vain,  213). 


PROVINCE   OF   BRABANT. 

Herent,    Kessel-Loo, 


and   Corbeek-Loo,   forming 


Liege  - 

Herve  - 

Barchon 

Battice 

Heure-le-Romain 


Ethe    - 
Latour 


Andenne 
Aiivelais 


Charleroi 
Farciennes    - 
Quaregnon-Jemappes 


Other  places  :  534.  Total :  897. 

PROVINCE  OF   LIEGE. 

29         Louveigne    -  -  -       29  Seilles 

44         Melon            -  -  -  129  Soumagne 

32         Olne    -          -  -  .       -       62  Sprimont 

36         Retinne        -  -  -       41  Vis6    - 

27         Romsee        -  -  -       31  Wandre 
Other  places  :  247.                                Total :  1,032. 

PROVINCE    OF   LUXEMBURG. 
197         Rossignol     -  -  -         105     Tintigny 

71 
Other  places  :   +  540.  Total  :   +  1,000, 

PROVINCE    OF   NAMUR. 
+  250         Namur  -  -  -    +75         Tamines 

55         Dinant  -  -  -     606         Spontin 

Other  places  :  188.  Total :   1,619. 

PROVINCE    OF   HAINAULT. 
+40         Lodelinsart-  -  -       24         Nimy- 

Couillet 


50 

165 

48 

30 
32 


90 


+400 
45 


Alos 


23  Marchienne-au-Pont  -  24 
Hh70  Monceau-sur-Sambre  -  +70 
Other  places  :  63.  Total  :  349. 

EAST    FLANDERS. 
The  returns  from  this  province  are  very  incomplete,  but  we  may  mention  : — 
L   -  -  -  -  -  -  -    +^0         Termonde,  St.  Gilles,  Lebekke 

Total:    +70. 

WEST    FLANDERS. 

In  tl)is  province,  again,  inquiry  has  hitherto  been  impossible.     We  wiU  only  mention  : — 

Staden  :   28.  Total  :   28. 


30 


The  same  remark 
Heers  - 


LIMBURG, 

applies.     We  have  returns  for  : — 
3  Tongres 

Total :  22. 


17 


Cannes 


PROVINCE    OF   ANTWERP. 
Information  is  absolutely  lacking.     Allowing,   therefore,   for  the  lack  of  information  from 
the  four  provinces  of  Antwerp,  Limburg,  East  and  West  Flanders,  we  still  have  a 

Provisional  total  of  5,017. 


TRA\  SLAT  ION. 

"THE  WORKMEN'S  GUILD  OF  ANDENNE  will  hold  on  Tuesday  next,  August  31st, 
at  10 o'clock  (Belgian  time),  in  the  Parish  Church  of  Andenne, an  anniversary  service  for  the  repose 
of  the  souls  of  its  members  : — 

"MM.  Charles  Bonhivers",  soldier,  fallen  for  his  country  August  23rd,  1914. 

"Leon  Bacus-Roquet,  etc.,  etc 

"Armand  and  Victor  Wilmotte,  deceased  August  23rd,  1914. 

"  Your  attendance  is  requested. 

"R.I.  P. 

"Andenne,  August  24th,   I9J5."  "The  Committee. 

39 


PROCLAMATION         BY         CAPTAIN         SCHULTZE.       ANNOUNCING 
REGULATIONS    FOR    THE    MOVEMENTS    OF    THE    INHABITANTS 
OF   ANDENNE.— AUGUST  25TH,  1914. 

PROOAimOli 


J'ai  oonfiance  en  rAdministration  et  en  la  population  que 
mainteilant  chacun  prend  la  peine  d'obeir  ^le  plus  severement 
aux  ordres  de  la  Gommandantur  pour  adoucir  autant  que  pos- 
sible le  malheur  amen^  par  les  faits  criminels  de  quelques  habi- 
tants. 

C*est  pourquoi  je  fais  proefeder  k  tout  ce  qui  empeche  la  libre 
circulation  des  habitants.  Jevoudrais  que  person  ae  des  habitants 
d*Andenneet  de  Seilles  nefasse  usage  de  cetteliberte  sinonpour 
la  prosperity  de  la  commune. 

Les  Adm'nistrations  d'Andenne  et  de  Seilles  travaillent 
avec  moi  pendant  le  jour  et  la  nuit  pour  amener  des  6tats  r^gl^s. 

il  faut  adresser  toutes  les  demandes  de  ravitaillement  et  de 
prosp6rit6  directement  aux  Administrations  d'Andenne  et  de 
Seilles  qui  out  aussi  la  procuration  d'engager  chacun  ^ 
travaiUor. 

L'arm^e  allemande  montre  la  plus  grande  severite  et  Anergic 
si  elle  est  attaqu^e  perfldement  par  les  habitants ;  mais  elle 
souhaite  sinc^rement  la  justice  et  Thumanite  envers  le  peuple 
si  la  conduite  des  habitants  le  permet. 

Der  Kommandant, 
SCHULTZE 
Hauptmann. 

Andenne.  le  25  aoUt  1914. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  poster  mentions  ' '  the  criminal  acts  of  some  of  the 
inhabitants."  The  German  White  Book,  published  nearly  a  year  later,  mentions 
a   "popular  insurrection"  [Volksauf stand). 


40 


AFTER  THE  CRIMES  OF  THE  REGULAR  ARMY. 
THE  AMUSEMENTS  OF  THE  LANDSTURM. 

After  the  departure  of  von  Langermann's  troops,  the  troops  of 
the  Landsturm  arrived  at  Andenne.  This  is  how  they  conducted 
themselves  : — 

"Several  weeks  later  we  returned  to  Andenne.  A  strong  force  of  the 
Landsturm  was  quartered  there  for  two  or  three  days.  They  sacked 
M.  Brosse's  house,  and  stole  things  from  Mme.  Carelle,  whose  husband,  an 
old  man,  had  been  killed.     They  stole  wine  from  Mme.  Bacu's. 

"About  6  o'clock  one  Sunday  evening,  as  the  tram  came  along,  a  soldier 
attempted  an  assault  on  a  lady  who  lives  next  door  to  us,  and  who  was  on 
her  doorstep  with  her  little  boy." 

THE  PARALLEL  OF  LOUVAIN. 

At  Louvain,  too,  the  depredations  of  the  Landsturm  were 
succeeded  by  the  crimes  committed  by  von  Boehn's  regular  troops. 

"We  arrived  at  Louvain,  which  was  swarming  with  soldiers.  The 
battahon  of  Landsturm  from  Halle  came  in,  dragging  after  it  all  sorts  of  things, 
mostly  bottles  of  wine.  Many  of  the  men  were  drunk.  .  .  .  The  battalion 
entered  the  town  in  close  ranks,  and  broke  into  the  first  houses  in  order  to 
loot — I  beg  pardon — to  requisition  wine  and  other  things  as  well.  It  was 
like  a  pack  of  hounds  let  loose  :  every  one  did  what  he  fancied.  The  officers 
led  the  way,  and  set  a  good  example." 

(Extract  from   the   diary*    of  Gaston   Klein,  of  the  1st   Company  of   the    fix!  I  e 
Landsturm,  under  date  of  August  29th,  1914.) 


rnANSLATWN.  PROCLAMATION. 

"I  have  confidence  in  the  Administration  and  in  the  population, 
that  ever}^  one  will  now  be  careful  to  obey  as  strictly  as  possible 
the  orders  of  the  Kommandantur,  in  order  to  alleviate  as  far  as 
possible  the  misfortune  caused  by  the  criminal  acts  of  a  few 
inhabitants. 

"For  this  reason  I  am  opposed  to  any  step  which  prevents 
the  free  circulation  of  the  inhabitants.  I  trust  that  none  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Andenne  and  Seilles  will  use  their  liberty  to  oppose 
the  interests  of  the  commune. 

"The  Administrations  of  Andenne  and  Seilles  are  working  with 
me  day  and  night  to  bring  about  a  settled  state  of  affairs. 

"All  questions  of  revictualUng  and  welfare  must  be  addressed 
directly  to  the  Administrations  of  Andenne  and  Seilles,  which  have 
also  the  power  to  require  the  inhabitants  to  work. 

"The  German  army  displays  the  greatest  severity  and  prompti- 
tude if  it  is  treacherously  attacked  by  the  inhabitants,  but  it 
sincerely  desires  to  show  justice  and  humanity  towards  the  people, 
if  the  conduct  of  the  inhabitants  permits. 

"The  Commandant, 

"SCHULTZE, 

"Andenne,  August  2Sth,  1914."  "Hauptmann. 

*  In  the  possession  of  the  Belgian  Headquarters. 
41 


CAPTAIN     SCHULTZE'S     FAREWELL     TO     THE     INHABITANTS     OF 
ANDENNE.— AUGUST    28th.    1914. 

AUS  HABITANTS 
d'Andenne 

Nous  donnons  connaissance  k  la  population  de  la  proclamation  que 
vient  de  nous  remettre,  en  partant,  le  Commandant  militaire : 

Je  quitte  cette  ville  dans  I'attente  qu'elle  mettra  en  oeuvr6  — 
comme  dans  les  derniers  jours  ainsi  que  pour  I'avenir  —  tout  ce 
qui  pent  servir  aux  bonnes  regies  de  conduite  envers  I'arm^e  al- 
lemande. 

Je  transmets  le  nouveau  pont  a  la  ville  pour  son  usage  et  I'o- 
blige  de  procurer  pour  sa  8tiret6  et  de  le  tenir  en  bon  6tat. 

Le  prochain  temps  il  restera  ici  une  petite  garuison,  laquelle 
sera  nourrie  et  log^epar  la  ville. 

Si  toutes  les  forces  restent  attel^es  k  la  prosp6rit6  de  la  ville 
d'Andenne  et  de  Seilles,  ces  localit^s  seront  bient6t  gurries  des 
graves  blessures  qui  a  valu  la  guerre  &  ces  communes  de  leur 
proprefaute. 

SCHULTZE 

Hauptmann. 
Andenne,  le  28  aoM  1914. 


Nous  profitons  de  cette  occasion  pour  f(61iciter  et  remercier  les 
habitants  d'Andenne  pour  la  fa^on  admirable  dont  ils  se  sont 
comportes  pendant  ces  derniers  jours  et  nous  les  engageons 
vivement  k  aider  TAdministration  Communale  &  reparer  autant 
que  possible,  les  grands  malheurs  dont  nous  avons  6t6  ^prouv^. 

L' Adjoint  du  Boiii>8nnMtre.  Le  BonrgSMtre  diltfui  par  I'tLVtoriti  MiliUirt, 

D'Ledoyen.  E.  de  Jaer. 

Le  Secretaire, 

Monrique. 

Andenne.  le  28  aotkt  1914. 


42 


The  Bridge  of  Andenne  and  the  Reason  for  the  Massacres 
of  August  20th,  21st  and  22nd.  1914. 

On  his  departure,  Commandant  Schultze  presented  to  the  inhabitants  the  *'  new 
bridge"  over  the  Meuse,  connecting  Andenne  with  Seilles.     The  old  bridge,  destroyed 
by  the  Belgian  Army,  played  a  part  in  the  tragedy  which  deserves  to  be  mentioned. 
Let  us  compare  the  four  following  texts : — 

I. 
"The  German  troops,  who  wished  to  cross  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse,  arrived 
at  Andenne  on  Thursday,  August  19th,  in  the  morning.     Their  advance  guard  of  Uhlans 
reported  that  the  bridge  was  not  available.     A  regiment  of  Belgian  infantry  had  blown 
it  up  at  8  o'clock  on  the  same  morning." 

{Extract  from  the  11th  Report  of  the  Belgian  Commission  of  Inquiry.) 

II. 
"On  account  of  the  destruction  of  the  bridge  of  F.,  I  order: — 
"The  district  will  pay  a  special  contribution  of  10  milHon  francs  as  a  fine.  This  is 
brought  to  the  notice  of  the  public,  who  are  informed  that  the  method  of  assessment 
will  be  notified  later,  and  that  the  payment  of  the  said  sum  will  be  enforced  with  the 
utmost  severity.  The  village  of  F.  will  be  immediate^  destroyed  by  fire,  with  the 
exception  of  certain  buildings  kept  for  the  use  of  troops." 

{Extracts  from  "  L' Inter prete  Militaire"  {" Zum  Gebrauch  in  Feindesland" — for  use 
in  an  enemy  country),  a  manual  published  at  Berlin  in  1906.*) 

in. 

"The  destruction  of  bridges,  tunnels,  and  railway  Hnes  Mali  have  to  be  regarded 
as  hostile  acts." 

{Proclamation  of  Von  Emmich,  reproduced  in  this  hook,  page  2.) 

IV. 

"/.  9.  Creil.  Die  Briicke  {eiserne)  gesprengt ;  dafiir  Strassen  in  Brand  gesteckt, 
Civilisten  erschossen." 

["September  ist.  Creil  (France).  The  bridge  (iron)  blown  up  ;t  ofi  account  of 
that  streets  set  on  fire,  civihans  shot."] 

{Extract  from  the  diary  of  an  unnamed  soldier  of  the  32nd  Infantry  Regiment  of  the 
Reserve,  4th  Reserve  Corps.  Photograph  and  text  in  "  Les  violations  des  lois  de  la  Guerre 
par  I'Allemagne,"  vol.  I.,  p.  82.  Paris  :  Berger-Levrault,  1915.  Published  by  the  French 
Ministry  for  Foreign  Affairs.)  

TRANSLATION. 

TO  THE  INHABITANTS  OF  ANDENNE. 

"We  call  the  attention  of  the  population  to  the  proclamation  which  the  Military 
Commandant  has  just  handed  to  us  on  leaving  : — 

"I  am  leaving  this  town  in  the  expectation  that  it  will  carry  out  in  the  future,  as 
during  the  last  few  days,  a  poUcy  of  good  behaviour  towards  the  German  Army. 

"I  hand  over  the  new  bridge  to  the  town  for  its  use,  and  require  the  people  to  be 
responsible  for  its  safety  and  to  maintain  it  in  good  condition. 

"For  the  present,  a  small  garrison  will  remain  here,  which  will  be  fed  and  lodged 
by  the  town. 

"If  all  energies  are  permanently  directed  towards  the  prosperity  of  the  town  of 
Andenne  and  Seilles,  these  localities  will  soon  be  cured  of  the  grave  wounds  which  the 
war  has  inflicted  upon  these  communes,  through  their  own  fault. 
"Andenne,  August  28th,  1914.  "Schultze, 

' '  Hauptmann. 

"We  are  profiting  by  this  occasion  to  congratulate  and  to  thank  the  inhabitants 
of  Andenne  for  the  admirable  manner  in  which  they  have  behaved  during  these  latter 
days,  and  we  urge  them  strongly  to  assist  the  Communal  Administration  to  repair  as 
far  as  possible  the  great  misfortunes  which  we  have  experienced. 

"  The  Burgomaster  delegated  by  the  Military  Authority. 
"  The  Assistant-Burgomaster,  '  "E.  de  Jaer. 

"Dr.  Ledoyen.  " The  Secretary, 

"MONRIQUE. 

"Andenne,  August  28th,   1914." 

*  "  It  contains,"  says  the  introduction,  "  the  French  text  of  the  greater  part  of  the  documents,  letters, 
proclamations,  and  certain  orders,  of  ■yphich  it  may  be  necessary  to  make  use  in  time  of  war." 
t  The  bridge  of  Andenne  also  was  a  large  iron  bridge. 

43 


^PROCLAMATION     BY     CAPTAIN     BECKER,    REINTRODUCING     THE 
"  REIGN    OF    TERROR  "    AT    ANDENNE.— AUGUST    29TH,    1914. 

PROCLAMATION 

1.  X^Siniv^^fcu^'^^^^^  1914,  midi, 
toutes  ies  horloges devronl etre  misos  a  llioiire 
allemande  {une  heure  plus  tot). 

2.  Les  rassemblemenls  de  phis  de  3  per- 
sonnes  sont  strictenienl  A^kttAmji>^/^  y^.^^, 

5.  Pour  circular  apres  8  heiires  du  soir,  il 
faut  Tautopisation  de  M.  le  Commandant. 

4.  Les  armes  devront  etres  remises  an  gar*de 

Lorqn'on  trouvera  encore  des  armes  dans  les 
maisons,  apres  Iheureflxee,  le  propri^taire 
sera  pendu. 

5.  Les  soldats  ailemands  demandant  la  tran- 
quility absolue,  les  ouvriers  peuvent  retourner 
travailler  de  suite.  La  moindre  r6volte  de  la 
part  des  habitants  AURA  POUR  CONSEQUENCE 
L'mCENDIE  COMPLETE  DE  LA  VILLE,  et  les 
hommes  sepont  pendus. 

-^SI^VIOHS; 

Obit  et  Commandant  en  chef 


This  poster,  as  shown  in  the  photograph,  was  prepared  beforehand.  In 
order  to  make  tt  applicable  to  Andenne,  the  necessary  details  were  added  in 
pencil.  The  name  of  Captain  Simons  was  crossed  out  in  pencil  and  replaced 
by  that  of  Becker. 

44 


A    RIVAL    FOR    COMMANDANT    BECKER    AT    NAM  UK. 

Proclamation  posted  up  in  Namur  on  August  25th,  1914. 

"  I.  Belgian  and  French  soldiers  must  be  delivered  up  as  prisoners  of 
war  before  4  o'clock  in  front  of  the  prison.  Citizens  who  do  not  obey  will  be 
condemned  to  hard  labour  for  life  in  Germany. 

"2.  A  rigorous  inspection  of  houses  will  commence  at  4  o'clock.  Every 
soldier  found  will  be  immediately  shot. 

"Arms,  powder,  and  dynamite  must  be  given  up  at  4  o'clock.  Penalty  : 
being  shot. 

' '  Citizens  who  know  of  a  store  of  the  above  must  inform  the  Burgomaster 
under  pain  of  hard  labour  for  life. 

"3.  Every  street  will  be  occupied  by  a  German  guard,  who  will  take  ten 
hos|;ages  from  each  street  and  keep  them  under  surveillance.  If  there  is 
any  rising  in  the  street,  the  ten  hostages  will  be  shot. 

"4.  Doors  may  not  be  locked,  and  at  night  after  8  o'clock  there  must 
be  lights  in  three  windows  in  every  house. 

"5.  No  one  is  allowed  in  the  street  after  8  o'clock.  The  inhabitants  of 
Namur  must  understand  there  is  no  greater  and  more  horrible  crime  than  to 
compromise  the  safety  of  the  town  and  the  life  of  its  citizens  by  criminal  acts 
against   the   German   Army. 

"The  Commander  of  the  Town, 

"von  Bulow.* 

"Namur,  August  25th,  1914. 

"{Printed  by  Chantraine.)" 

*  This  von  Biilow,  commanding  the  15th  Brigade  of  the  Reserve,  should 
not  be  confused  with  General  von  Biilow,  Commander-in-Chief  of  the 
2nd  German  Army. 


TRANSLATION. 


proclamation; 


"i.  From  Saturday,  August  29th,  1914,  midday,  all  the  clocks  must  be 
set  to  the  German  time  (one  hour  earlier). 

"2.  Assemblies  of  more  than  three  persons  are  strictly  forbidden  under 
penalty  of  fines. 

"3.  No  one  is  allowed  to  go  about  after  8  p.m.  without  permission  from 
M.  le  Commandant. 

"4.  Arms  must  be  deposited  with  the  guard  at  the  Casino,  by  noon  on 
the  29th  instant. 

"If  any  arms  are  found  in  houses  after  this  date,  the  householder  will 
be  hanged. 

"5.  Since  the  German  troops  require  absolute  calm  to  be  maintained, 
workmen  can  return  to  work  at  once.  The  least  revolt  on  the  part  of  the 
inhabitants  will  result  in  the  complete  burning  of  the  town,  and  tlie  men  will 
be  hanged. 

"Simons,* 
"Lieut. -Col.  and  Commander-in  Chief. 

' '  Becker, 
"Captain  and  Commander-in-Chief." 

*  The  passages  italicised  were  written  in  in  pencil,  and  the  name  "  Simons  " 
was  struck  through,  on  the  placard  posted  at  Andenne. 

45 


PROCLAMATION   TO  THE   INHABITANTS   OF  ANDENNE   MADE    BY 

THE   PROVISIONAL  COMMUNAL   ADMINISTRATION. 

AUGUST   30TH,    1914. 

k  Rabitanb  d'Hnlenoe 

Chers  Concitoyens, 

Nous  sommes  heureux  de  vous  annoncer  que  rautorit6 
militaire  montrera  la  pins  grande  bienveillance  a  notre  6gard 
si,  comme  nous  n'en  doutons,  la  bonne  population  d'Andenne 
continue  a  rester  bien  tranquillc;,  a  travailler  avec  courage  et 
a  obeir  docilement  a  rautorite.  COMME  ELLE  LA  FAIT 
JUSQU'A  PRESENT,  ce  dont  nous  la  remercions. 

Dans  une  fftte  militaire,  a  laquelle  lautorit^  militaire  a  bien 
voulu  nous  prier  de  prendre  part;  en  notre  presence  et  devant 
plusieurs  notables  d'Andenne,  notamment  M.  le  doyen  Cartiaux, 
toutes  les  troupes,  y  compris  les  officiers,  ont  a  plusieurs  re- 
prises cri6  des  HURRA  pour  Andenne. 

Au  nom  de  vous  tous.  nous  leur  avons  adress^  nos  remer- 
ciements  6mus. 

Chers  amis,  ayez  oonfiance  en  nous,  nous  travaillons  de 
toute  notre  ame  au  salut  d'Andenne. 

Nous  avons  assure  Tautoritd  militaire  que  les  soldats  pou- 
vaient  etre  parfaitement  tranquilles  au  milieu  de  nous,  quau- 
cun  de  nous  ne  voudrait  commettre  la  moindre  agression,  qu'au 
contraire,  tous,  nous  traiterons  rarm6e  allemande,  avec  une 
ENTIERE  LOYAUTfi. 

Nous  avons  repondu  de  vous  En  ^change,  nous  ne-vou?  de- 
mandons  qu'une  chose,  c'est  de  continuer  a  faire  ce  que  vous 
avez  fait  iusqu'aujourd'hui,  et  si,  par  impossible,  il  pou^ait  se 
trouver  parmi  nous  un  mauvais  sujet  qui  serait  capable  de  com- 
promettre  les  honn6tes  gens,  indiquez-le  nous,  il  ne  faut  pas  que 
nos  braves  concitoyens  soient  responsables  des  crimes  d'un 
sc616rat. 

Que  I'armee  allemande  sache  bien  que  I'administration  com- 
munale  mettra  le  plus  grand  empressement  a  lui  livrer  le  cou- 
pable  dun  acte  de  mauvais  gr6,  quel  qu'il  soit. 

Chers  concitoyens,  patience,  et  courage,  pour  supporter  les 
privations.  Soyez  tranquilles,  nous  sommes  avec  vous. 

L'AfljoiDt  dii  Bourgraestre,  Le  Bourgmestre  d^I^gu^  par  Taulorit^  militaire, 

D^  LEDOVEN.  E.  DE  JAER. 

Le  Secr^Uire,  Le  Con»eiller, 

MONRIQUE.  LAHAYE. 

Andenne,  le  30  aotit  1914. 

Note  the  cynicism  of  the  Germans,  who,  after  declaring  that  Andenne  was 
"a  nest  of  murderers  and  bandits,"  and  after  sacking  the  town,  end  by  shouting 
"Hurrah  !"  in  its  honour. 

46 


EFFECTS  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  TERROR. 

To  understand  the  import  of  this  poster,  it  is  necessary  to  know  the 
following   facts  : — 

"The  Burgomaster  of  Andenne,  Dr.  Camus,  aged  64,  had  been  killed 
by  the  Germans  during  the  sack  of  the  town.  Also,  the  Sheriff,  Victor 
Davin,  a  manufacturer,  aged  37,  had  been  put  to  death. 

"The  German  authorities  nominated  a  communal  council  of  four  members. 
M.  E.  de  Jaer,  the  registrar,  first  condemned  to  be  shot  as  a  franc-tireur,  in 
spite  of  his  70  years,  then  held  as  a  hostage,  was  finally  nominated  as  mayor. 

"Dr.  Ch.  Ledoyen,  who  for  some  time  believed  that  his  last  hour  had 
come,  was  nominated   assistant  mayor. 

"M.  Ch.  Lahaye,  veterinar}'  surgeon,  was  named  a  member  of  the  council, 
as  also  was  M.  Jos.  Monrique,  a  candidal  notaire  ;  the  latter  was  made  Secretary 
an  hour  later. 

"These  gentlemen  and  some  hospital  attendants  had  passes  which  they 
had  to  show  to  the  plunderers  they  met  in  the  streets,  whose  bayonets  were 
red  with  the  blood  of  their  victims." 

{Report  of  the  Abbe  Bobon,  communicated  to  the  Belgian  Government.) 

THE   "MILITARY  FETE"  AT  ANDENNE. 

"One  word  as  to  the  fete  at  Andenne.  The  commandant,  Becker,  who 
regarded  any  group  of  more  than  three  people  talking  together  as  a  dangerous 
assembly,  and  who  threatened  to  destroy  the  whole  town,  invited  the 
communal  authorities  and  some  people  on  whom  the  officers  were  quartered 
to  be  present  at  a  feu  de  bivouac  at  the  Place  des  Tilleuls.  This  was  a  little 
entertainment,  during  which  the  soldiers  sang  serious  songs,  and  there  were 
speeches  with  cheers  for  Andenne.  The  guests  bore  this  little  military 
entertainment   with   resignation." 

{Same  Report.) 


TRANSLATIOS. 

TO  THE  INHABITANTS  OF  ANDENNE. 

"Dear  Fellow-citizens, 

' '  We  are  happy  to  announce  to  you  that  the  military  authority  will  show 
the  greatest  goodwill  towards  us  if,  as  w^e  doubt  not,  the  good  people 
of  Andenne  continue  to  remain  perfectly  quiet,  to  labour  with  courage,  and 
to  obey  authority  with  docility,  as  they  have  done  up  to  the  present,  for 
which  we  thank  them. 

"At  a  military  fete,  at  which  the  miUtary  authority  expressly  invited  us 
to  be  present,  all  the  troops,  including  the  officers — in  our  presence,  and  before 
many  of  the  notables  of  Andenne,  and  Dean  Cartiaux  in  particular — repeatedly 
shouted  "Hurrah  for  Andenne!" 

"In  the  name  of  all  of  you,  much  affected,  we  expressed  our  thanks. 
"Dear  friends,  have  confidence  in  us  ;    we  are  working  with  all  our  souls 
for  the  safety  of  Andenne. 

"We  have  assured  the  military  authority  that  the  soldiers  might  be 
perfectly  at  ease  in  our  midst,  that  none  of  us  w^ould  wish  to  commit  the  least 
aggression — that,  on  the  contrary,  we  shall  treat  the  German  Army  with 
complete  loyalty.  We  have  been  responsible  for  you.  In  return,  we  ask  you 
only  one  thing  :  it  is,  to  continue  to  do  what  you  have  done  until  to-day, 
and,  if,  by  some  impossible  chance,  there  should  be  among  us  an  ill-conditioned 
person  who  might  be  capable  of  compromising  honest  people,  point  him  out 
to  us  ;  for  our  worthy  fellow-citizens  must  not  be  responsible  for  the  crimes 
of  a  scoundrel. 

"Let  the  German  Army  be  sure  that  the  communal  administration  will 
with  the  utmost  promptness  hand  over  to  it  any  one  guilty  of  an  act  of  ill-will, 
whoever  he  may  be. 

"Dear  fellow-citizens,  patience  and  courage  to  support  privation.  Be 
easy  in  your  minds  ;    we  are  with  j^ou. 

"The  Burgomaster  delegated  by  the  Military  Authority, 

"E.  DE  Jaer. 
' '  The  Assistant-Burgomaster,         ' '  The  Secretary,  ' '  The  Councillor, 

"Dr.  Ledoyen.  "Monrique.  "Lahaye. 

"Andenne.  August  30th.  1914." 

47 


PROCLAMATION     BY     CAPTAIN     BECKER.    PROMISING    THE 

INHABITANTS    TO    HOLD    A    PRELIMINARY    INQUIRY    "  IN    THE 

EVENT   OF   A    REVOLT." 

pFoelamatioD 


J'ai  rimpression  que  la  plus  grande  partie  des  habitants 
d^sirent  la  tranquility,  aussi  je  les  invite  k  ne  pas  quitter  la  Ville. 

Avant  d'employer  les  moyens  violents  je  ferai  faire  une 
enqu^te  s6v6re  pour  d6couvrir  les  coupables  au  cas  oii  une 
r6volte  ^laterait. 

J'attends  done  de  la  population  d'Andennequ'ellemettra  tout 
en  ceuvre  pour  qu  aucun  soldat  allemand  ne  soit  molest^;  sinon 
je  serai  force  d'agir  d'apr6s  les  mesures  de  ma  premiere 
proclamation. 


BECKER 

Capitaine  L.  I.  R.  29 
et  Commandant  eh  chef. 


48 


A    REAL    GERMAN    INQUIRY    AT    HUY. 

Order  of  the  Day  addressed  by  the  Commandant  of  Huy 

to  his  Soldiers. 

"August  25th,  1914. 

"Last  night  shooting  took  place.  It  has  not  been  proved  that 
the  inhabitants  of  the  town  were  still  in  possession  of  arms.  Nor  is 
there  any  proof  that  the  civil  population  took  part  in  the  shooting ; 
on  the  contrary,  it  would  seem  that  the  soldiers  were  under  the 
influence  of  alcohol  and  opened  fire  under  an  incomprehensible 
fear  of  an  enemy  attack. 

"The  conduct  of  the  soldiers  during  the  night  has  made  a 
shameful  impression,  with  a  few  exceptions.  When  officers  or 
non-commissioned  officers  set  fire  to  houses,  without  permission  or 
order  from  the  commandant,  or,  as  in  the  present  case,  from  the  senior 
officer,  and  when  they  encourage  the  troops  by  their  attitude  to 
burn  and  loot,  it  is  an  act  of  the  most  regrettable  kind.  I  expect 
the  strictest  instructions  to  be  given  generally  as  to  the  attitude 
towards  the  life  and  property  of  the  civil  population.  I  forbid 
firing  in  the  town  without  officers'  orders.  The  bad  conduct  of 
the  troops  has  resulted  in  the  serious  wounding  of  a  non-conmiissioned 
officer  and  a  soldier  by  German  shots. 

"voN  Bassewitz,  Major, 

"Commandant." 

{Document  found  in  a  German  camp  near  Huy,  and  communicated 
by  M.   Vandervelde,  Belgian  Minister  of  State.) 


'TRANSLATION. 

PROCLAMATION. 

"I  am  under  the  impression  that  the  greater  portion  of  the 
inhabitants  desire  tranquillity,  therefore  I  invite  them  not  to  leave 
the  town, 

"Before  employing  violent  means,  I  shall  make  a  strict  inquiry 
to  discover  the  guilty  persons  in  case  a  revolt  should  break  out. 

"I  therefore  expect  of  the  population  of  Andenne  that  it  will 
do  everything  to  ensure  that  no  German  soldier  shall  be  molested, 
otherwise  I  shall  be  forced  to  act  in  accordance  with  the  measures 
of  my  first  proclamation. 

"  Becker, 
"Captain,  L.I.R.  29,  and  Commandant-in-Chief." 

49 


NOTICE  PUBLISHED  BY  ORDER  OF  THE  MILITARY  AUTHORITIES. 
ORDERING  A  CENSUS  OF  THE  INHABITANTS.— OCTOBER  2nd,  1914. 

COMMUNE  D'ANDENNE 


AVIS 


Par ordre de lAutorit^  Mililaire  Allemaiide : 

Les  habitants  sont  inform^s 
dece  qu'ils  ont  ^  inscrire  im- 
m^diatement,  sur  la  porte  de 
leurs maisons,  dune  fagon  tr^s 
visible,  le  nombre  d'hommes  et 
de  femmes  qui  occupent  chaque 
Maison. 

Les  enfanls  au  dessous  de  \  5  ans  ne  doivent 
pas  elre  renseign^s. 

Les  conlrevenanfs  011  eeiix  qui  feronl  une 
fausse  declaration  seronl  ires  severement  punis 
et  s'exposent  a  de  grands  d6sagr6ments. 

Le  Bourgmestre.  iik^ai  par  I'Autoriti  Militaire 

E.DEJAER. 

Andenne,  le  2  octobre  1914. 


JlDdeno*    lap   Veuve  Warnotto 
ANOTHER    CALAMITY    FOR    ANDENNE. 
In  December,   1916,  the  Germans  carried  off  760  inhabitants  of  Andenne,* 
who  were  deported  to  Germany.     They  were  all  men  between  17  and  55  years  of 
age,  belonging  to  every  class  of  society. 

The  approaches  to  the  station  were  guarded  by  sentries  with  fixed  bayonets. 
The  relatives  of  the  deportees  broke  through  the  military  cordon  in  order  to  bid  a 
last  farewell  to  those  who  were  leaving. 


*  The  population  of  A  ndenne  numbered  7,800. 
50 


TWO  AND  A  HALF  YEARS  LATER. 

Circular  sent  out  to  the  head  of  each  family  in  the  zone  of  the 
itapes  by  order  of  the  military  authorit\^  in  execution  of  the  decree 
of  March  14th,  1917,  providing  for  the  seizure  and  deportation  in 
case  of  necessity  of  every  inhabitant  of  Belgium. 

Sheet 

Name  and  head  of  family 


^.— MEN  BETWEEN  THE  AGES  OF  18  AND  40. 

Surname Christian  Name Date  of  Birth Profession 

Place  of  Business Number  of  Identity  Card 

Remarks  or  Observations 

S.— MEN  BETWEEN  THE  AGES  OF  (i)  15  AND  17.  (2)  41  AND  60. 

Surname Christian  Name Date  of  Birth Profession 

Place  of  Business Number  of  Identity  Card 

Remarks  or  Observations 

C— W^OMEN   BETWEEN   THE    AGES   OF    15    AND    35. 

Surname Christian  Name Date  of  Birth Profession 

Place  of  Business If  married.  Profession  of  Husband 

Number  of  Identity  Card Remark^  jr  Observations 


i).— WOMEN   BETWEEN  THE    AGES   OF   36   AND    60. 

Surname Christian  Name Date  of  Birth Profession . 

Place  of  Business If  married.  Profession  of  Husband 

Number  of  Identity  Card Remarks  or  Observations 


E. — What  is  the  Name  of  your  Employer  ? .  . 
What  is  the  nature  of  your  Employment 


F. — If  you  keep  an  Hotel,  a  I-odging-house,  a  Caf6,  a  Drink-shop, 
or  any  kind  of  Workshop  or  Factory,  state  the  ages  of  the  Proprietor  and 
of   his  Wife 

Certified  as  verified  and  checked,  Certified  as  correct, 

jNIons,  April.  .  .  .,  1917.  Mons,  April.  .  .  .,  1917. 

District  Agent.  (Signature  of  head   of  family.) 


TRANSLATION. 

Commune  of  Andenne. 

NOTICE. 

By  Order  of  the  German  Military  Authority. 

"The  inhabitants  are  informed  that  they  are  immediately  to 
write  on  the  doors  of  their  houses,  so  that  it  may  easily  be  seen, 
the  number  of  men  and  women  who  occupy  each  house. 

"Children  under  15  years  of  age  need  not  be  included. 

"Offenders,  or  those  who  make  a  false  declaration,  will  be  most 
severely  punished  and  exposed  to  much  unpleasantness. 

"The  Burgomaster,  delegated  by  the  Military  Authority, 

"  Andenne,  October  2nd,  1914."  ' 

51 


III. 


THE   REIGN    OF  TERROR 
AND  OF  ARBITRARY  MEASURES 


APPEAL    BY    THE    PROVISIONAL    COMMUNAL    AUTHORITIES    OF 

LOUVAIN      FOR      HOSTAGES     TO      REPLACE     THOSE       ALREADY 

DETAINED.— OCTOBER    4TH,    1914. 


Ville  de  Louvain 

i  MES  mHITITEN!! 


Lt*^  lialiil.'iitiN  <li>  LiiiH.iin  mil  •'■d-  iiiroiiiK's  ili*  lii  ('iiii*<lilulioiHrola;:t's  (]ui 
u>u>  i">l  rr-i'litiiH-i*  |>jr  i  Vuldiili-  Mjlil.iin*  \l|iiiiiiiiili-. 

Ndiio  ;i\|iiis  |mi  iiltti'iiir  i|im>  cr>  otit^it's,  iiiiHit(^aiir<iM>iil  uu  iioiiiltrr  ili'  <*iiii|. 
oil-Ill  lii-licrurN  iiii  (oiiM-iil  tifs  Vviv>  l)iHui|iiraMi>,  rii«>  Jiistf  l.i|isc.  on  i\> 
«riiiil  •-itiiri)rl;i(ilfiiii>iil  iiiNhillr>  <-l  jiiiiiroid  11*11111*  liiN>rl«'  rrlalivc  .i  riiili-iieni' 
III  (iuii\i-iil. 

Jc  (.»>  a|i|M-l  iiii  i-itiM-iMir>  di-voui-  <lc  nies  roiH-ilu)<>M.s  |MHir  ijinU  assiimnil  a 
our  lie  roll-  <••  st»r\Hf.  aliii  ilc  iir  pas  ]»rn|nn^or  la  (itMfiiliuii  ilc  rcti\  i|iii  m* 
Mill  acinTritM-nirol KniTt-m  |»iPiiiier  lii'u,  el  |>oiir  viilrr  ilr  si-  voir  |ii-<-iiilir 
li*  fiini-  par  I  Viiliirilr  Aiteiiiaiitif 

U'>  iiiscriplMiiis  MToiil  n-t-ws  <'Jiai|ur  jour  par  li*s  Peres  Uoiiiiiiiruiiis.  rur 
liislr  LipM",  !<•  malm  ile  'J  li.  a  tUfi.  el  rH|>r«s-ini<li  ile  2  li.  a  3  li.  Lr  service 
I'olaRe  eouiiiieiiee  iliaipie  jour  a  '■)  li.  ilu  soir  l,rs  repas  miiiI  louriiis  graliiile- 
neiil  par  I  inleriiieiliairf  till  (iuutent. 


IjHiv.iin.  i  OvUiUro  tlHi. 


Lr  Secrelaire  loitiiuunal. 

Eiii^.  M;irguery. 


Lp  BourKOiesCre  provisoire, 

K,  INEKINCX. 


Uuvaaii    Imp  £  {XARPENTim.  rut  de  I 


STAD  LEUVEN 


BEROEP 


Do  iiiMonrrs  \aii  l,eii\eii  /ijii  verv\ilir>;il  mweesl  \aii  lul  laiislelleii  ^yTii 
uieiiwe  jiij/elaaisdie  xeieiM-lil  jteweesl  zijiiilooi-  lii*  DiliNclie  Krij.uv'^erlieiil 

Wij  /ijii  er  in  ^eliikl  le  lM>koiiieii  ilal  <lie  .!4|jxi'iaar>.  in  <fe/eii  iH(!(''ulilik  leu 
j;ejalle  \au  \ijf,  /.oinleii  j4eli(ii>>e>.l  ziju  in  IjvJ  kl(io>ler  iler  Paler*  Itoiiiiiiieaiieii 
Jii.slu>  LipMiis  ^Iraal,  waar  /.ij  iiaar  l^iliodieii  /iillen  \uiiieii  en  van  eene 
lielrekkelijke  vrijiieiil  ;;enielen,  liinuin  lie!  klonMer. 

Ik  line  iH'roop  op  ilexeiropojlerini;  uiijiicr  •>tii(|Niieiti>leii  opilal  /ij  lieiirle|inu> 
ilezeii  ilieiisl  zoiuleii  \erzekereii,  leii  eiiiile  ile.i{e\aiiKeiiM'lia(>  uiel  le  veilen^en 
vail  lieu  ilie  /.ieli  e<lelnioe<ti!>  ile  ecrsleii  aaiixelMMien  lielil>en,  en  oiii  le  \er 
niijiien  dal  zv  iloor  de  Diiilselie  Overlieid  iiij  uiaelile  ^enonieii  vvordi-ii. 

UeiiiM-liriJvingeH /.ulleii  aaii|{enoiiieu  Honleu  dour  de  Palers  Doiiiiiiieaiien. 
Justus  Lipsinsslraat,  !»  nior^eiis  van  *>  lol  lU  tireii  en  >  iiHiiiidda^>  van  "2 
Inl  .">  iiren.iDediensI  van  ijij/etaar  Itejsiiil  alle  da}:en  van  .">  iiieii  s  iianiidflaj;-.. 
De  inuallijden  vvordeu  kosleluu:>  veiM'liall  door  iieiniddetinu  van  liel  klnosin. 


Lcuvcn,  den  i  October  lt)l4. 

De  Gemeenlesekrelaris, 

Eug.  Marguery. 


De  lijdciijke  litiryeiiieeMer, 

A.  .\EKr\C\. 


l-euven  -  Druk.  E  CHARPESTIER,  Naomsclit  MM.  lUs 


Louvain  was  sacked  on  August  25th,  1914,  and  the  following  days.  It  will 
be  noted  that  more  than  a  month  after  the  sack  of  the  town  and  the  massacre  of  its 
inhabitants,  the  German  authorities  still  demand  hostages  to  he  held  responsible 
for  their  fellow-citizens. 


54 


COLLECTIVE    RESPONSIBILITY:     THE    TREATMENT    OF    HOSTAGES. 
Notice  Posted  up  in  Spa,  Aywaille,  Chatelineau,  and  in 
many  other  places,  in  August,    1914. 

WARNING. 

"As  fresh  attempts  at  assassination  have  been  made  upon  persons  forming  part  of 
the  German  Army,  I  have  had  persons  from  many  locahties  arrested  as  hostages.  These 
will  guarantee  with  their  lives  that  no  inhabitant  will  again  dare  to  commit  a  malevolent 
action  against  German  soldiers  or  attempt  to  damage  the  railway,  telegraph,  or  telephone 
lines,  or  other  objects  useful  to  the  operations  of  our  army. 

"Persons  not  belonging  to  the  army  surprised  in  committing  such  actions  will  be 
shot  or  hanged.  The  hostages  of  the  surrounding  localities  will  suffer  the  same  fate, 
I  shall  then  have  the  neighbourhood  burned  to  the  last  house,  important  towns  and  all. 
If  the  hostages  attempt  to  escape,  the  locality  to  which  they  belong  will  be  burned,  and 
if  captured  the  hostages  will  be  hanged. 

"All  inhabitants  who  give  proof  of  their  goodwill  toward  our  troops  are  assured  of 
the  safety  of  their  lives  and  property. 

"The  Commandant  entrusted  with  the  Protection  of  the  Railways, 

"Freiherr  von  Maltzahn." 

The  Eventual  Fate  of  the  Hostages  at  Louvain. 

On  the  evening  of  August  25th,  the  District  Commander,  Major  von  Manteuffel, 
invited  the  hostages  to  issue  proclamations  to  the  inhabitants  entreating  them  to 
maintain  order,  under  the  threat  that  if  they  disobeyed  a  fine  of  20  million  marks  would 
be  inflicted,  the  town  destroyed,  and  the  hostages  hanged. 

The  Hostages  of  Grivegnee.      Commune  of  Grivegnee. 
IMPORTANT   NOTICE. 

"  The  attention  of  those  present  is  called  to  the  following  Notice  issued  by  Major 
Dieckmann  : — 

"  '5.  In  order  that  the  above-mentioned  permit  may  not  be  abused,  the  Burgo- 
masters of  Beyne-Heusay  and  Grivegnee  must  immediately  prepare  lists  of  persons  who 
will  be  held  as  hostages  for  24  hours  each  at  Fort  Fleron,  from  September  6th,  1914,  at 
6  p.m.,  till  September  7th  at  midday. 

"  'The  life  of  these  hostages  depends  on  the  population  of  the  above-mentioned 
communes  remaining  quiet  under  any  circumstances. 

"  '6.  From  the  list  which  is  submitted  to  me  I  will  designate  persons  who  shall 
be  hostages  from  midday  to  the  following  midday.  If  the  substitute  is  not  there  at  the 
correct  time,  the  hostage  must  remain  another  24  hours  at  the  fort.  After  these  24  hours 
the  hostage  will  incur  the  penalty  of  death  if  the  substitute  has  not  presented  himself.'  " 

{Extract  from  the  proclamation  made  September  6th,  1914,  from  the  Chateau  des 
Bruyeres.  The  photograt>h  of  this  Proclamation  is  published  in  H.  DA  VIGNON'S 
"BELGIUM    AND    GERMANY,"  page  92.) 


TRANSLATION. 

Town    of    Louvam. 

APPEAL    TO    MY   FELLOW-CITIZENS. 

"The  inhabitants  of  Louvain  have  been  informed  of  the  institution  of  hostages 
which  is  demanded  of  us  by  the  German  military  authorities, 

"We  have  been  able  to  arrange  that  these  hostages — at  present  five  in  number — 
should  be  lodged  at  the  Dominican  Monastery,  Rue  Juste  Lipse,  where  they  will  be 
comfortably  cared  for  and  have  a  certain  amount  of  liberty  inside  the  monastery. 

"I  appeal  to  the  devoted  support  of  my  fellow-citizens  that  they  take  this  service 
in  turn,  so  as  not  to  prolong  unduly  the  sojourn  of  th'ose  who  so  generously  offered  them- 
selves at  first,  and  to  avoid  being  forcibly  taken  by  the  German  authorities. 

"Offers  will  be  registered  every  day  by  the  Dominican  Fathers,  Rue  Juste  Lipse, 
from  9  to  10  a.m.  and  from  2  to  3  p.m.     The  service  as  hostage  begins  at  5  in  the  evening. 
Meals  are  furnished  free  through  the  intermediary  of  the  convent. 
"Louvain.  October  4th,  1914. 

"The  Communal  Secretary,  "  The  Temporary  Burgomaster, 

"EuG.  Marguery.  "A.  Nerincx." 

55 


EXTRACT  FROM  AN  ORDER  OF  THE  DAY  OF  THE  24TH  GERMAN 

RESERVE    DIVISION,    CONCERNING    THE    TAKING    OF    HOSTAGES. 

AUGUST    23RD,    1914. 


"It  is  certain  that  the  German  soldiers  were  imbued  beforehand  with  the 
idea  that  they  would  be  attacked  by  civilians.  This  produced  among  them,  from 
the  very  beginning  of  their  entry  into  Belgian  territory,  a  state  of  fear  and  nervous- 
ness, for  which  the  population  was  immediately  made  to  suffer." 

{10th  Report  of  the  Belgian  Commission  of  Inquiry.) 


56 


Arbitrary  Measures  authorised  by  the  German  Superior  Command. 

HOSTAGES    IMPRISONED     IN    CHURCHES    AND    OTHER 
"  APPROPRIATED  "    BUILDINGS. 

ARTICLE   50   OF   THE   HAGUE   CONVENTION. 
No    collective    penalty,    pecuniary    or    other,    is    to    be    imposed  1  on 
communities  in   respect  of  individual  acts   for  which  they  cannot  be  held 
collectively  responsible." 

Extracts  from  the  Report  of  the  Belgian  Commission  of  Inquiry. 

I. 

"On  Wednesday  morning,  August  26th,  the  Germans  brought  to  the 
station  squares  of  Louvain  a  group  of  more  than  75  persons,  including  several 
prominent  citizens  of  the  town,  among  whom  were  Father  Coloboet  and 
another  Spanish  priest,  and  also  an  American  priest.  The  men  were  brutally 
separated  from  their  wives  and  children,  and  after  having  been  subjected  to 
the  most  abominable  treatment  by  the  Germans,  who  several  times  threatened 
to  shoot  them,  they  were  forced  to  march  to  the  village  of  Campenhout  in 
front  of  the  German  troops.  They  were  shut  lip  in  the  village  church,  where 
they  passed  the  night.  About  4  o'clock  the  next  morning,  a  German  officer 
told  them  they  had  better  go  to  confession,  as  they  would  be  shot  half  an  hour 
later.  About  half -past  four  they  were  liberated.  Shortly  afterwards  they 
were  again  arrested  by  a  German  brigade,  which  forced  them  to  march  before 
them  in  the  direction  of  Malines. 

II. 

"On  August  28th  a  crowd  of  6,000  to  8,000  persons — men,  women,  and 
children,  of  every  age  and  condition — was  conducted  under  the  escort  of  a 
detachment  of  the  162nd  Regiment  of  German  Infantry  to  the  riding  school 
of  the  town,  where  they  spent  the  whole  night.  The  place  of  confinement  was 
so  small  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  the  occupants  that  all  had  to  remain 
standing ;  and  so  great  were  their  sufferings  that  in  the  course  of  this  tragic 
night  several  women  lost  their  reason  and  children  of  tender  years  died  in 
their  mothers'  arms. 

Ill, 

"The  church  (of  Aerschot)  presents  a  lamentable  aspect.  Everything 
was  in  the  greatest  disorder.  The  floor  was  Uttered  with  hay,  on  which  a 
great  number  of  inhabitants,  who  were,  as  we  know,  shut  up  in  the  church, 
have  slept  for  many  days. 

IV. 

"The  women  and  children  had  all  been  shut  up  in  a  convent,  where  they 
were  kept  prisoners  for  four  days.  These  unhappy  women  remained  in 
ignorance  of  the  lot  of  their  male  relatives.  .  .  .  The  first  day  the  monks  of 
the  convent  had  given  them  a  certain  supply  of  food.  On  the  remaining 
days  they  got  nothing  but  raw  carrots  and  green  fruit." 

TRA  NSLA  TION. 

Extract  from  an  Order  of  the  Day  of  the  Army  Corps,  August  23rd. 

"  24th  Reserve  Division.  "  Divisional  Headquarters,  Crupet, 

"August  23rd.  1914. 

"Par.  2. — The  frequency  of  treacherous  attacks  on  our  troops  and  the 
numerous  sacrifices  they  have  cost,  make  it  appear  necessary  to  take  the 
strictest  measures.  The  choice  of  means  to  be  adopted  in  individual  cases  is 
left  to  the  discretion  of  the  commander  of  the  troops. 

"The  local  commandants,  in  particular,  are  to  consider  the  best  measures 
to  take  in  individual  cases. 

' '  It  may,  for  example,  be  advantageous  to  intern  all  the  inhabitants  in 
churches  or  other  suitable  buildings,  to  guard  them  there  and  to  take  hostages. 
The  latter  must  on  no  account  be  set  free  again,  but  must  be  handed  over  to  the 
next  troops  or  columns  which  occupy  the  place. 

"It  is  an  estabUshed  fact  that  people  Jiave  fired  even  out  of  houses 
protected  by  the  Red  Cross  (Geneva)  flag.* 

"Notice  is  hereby  given  to  the  commandants  in  order  that  they  may 
take  the  necessary  steps  according  to  the  circumstances." 

•  This  probably  alludes  to  the  eye  hospital  of  Dr.  Bribosia  at  Namur.  The  Germans,  under 
pretext  that  there  had  been  firing  from  the  hospital,  kiUed  two  French  and  two  Belgian  soldiers 
nursed  there,  and  set  the  building  on  fire  (August  23rd,  1914).  C/,  H.  DAVIGNON,  "  BELGIUM 
AND  GERMANY,"  pages  40-41. 

57 


NOTICE     BY     SERGEANT     HAMICH     TO     THE     INHABITANTS     OF 
MONT-ST.-GUIBERT.— OCTOBER   5TH,    1914. 


AVIS 


1.  Tous  les  hommes  liabitant  la  commune  ag6s  de  18  a  45  ans,  riches 
ou  pauvres,  doivent  se  presenter  djBmain  mardi  6  octobre,  &  7  henres 
du  matin  (heure  beige)  au  contr61e  a  la  gare.  ^ 

2.  Ces  habitants  ne  peuvent  plus  changer  de  residence;  leurs  noms 
sont  remis  a  I'autoritd  militaire. 

Ceux  qui  ne  donneraient  pas  suite  d.  cet  ordre,  qui  chercheraient  a 
s  enfuir,  seront  faits  prisonniers  et  s'exposeraient  a  dtre  fasill6& 

Ia'h  (iiniiJIrs  drn  coiitrevt'iliiiits  sennit  prim-M  comiuo  priMmnieren  et  lours  hicns  aneantis. 

•i.  Ia^  Aii};hiiN.  .Frnnciux  ou  JtusNos  qui  se  tnmvcitt  duns  lu  loculite  doivent  ttte  remis  a  I'autnrite  raililuire 
nlicmaMile.  11  vu  (>.\t  do  nu^mo  des  II(>Ikvh  ayant appartenti  a  I'armee,  qui, sont  dcHcrteurs  ou  out  etc  prisonniont.  Le* 
eonlruveninits  st^ront  puniK  do  la  mort 

4  Uw  amies  a  feu  do  touto  osi»eoe,  qui  sc  tnmvcnt  enoore  en  possession  dos  habitants,  doivent  «>tn'  romisen 
iDuniHliatenioni  an  (  ommnnduiit  dc  la  ^arc.  Ceux  qui  seront  encore  trouves  posscsseurs  de  ces  armes.  apri»»  la  piililt* 
ciijion  do  Oct  uvis,  seront  rii.sill('>s. 

5.     I/cs  reunions  |M>ur  lo  eontnWe  auront  lieu  dc  temps  en  telnps.  L'iieiiro  et  le  jour  en  seront  donneii  d'avaneo. 

<i.     Ix>s  |Nirapluies  et  los  lii^tons  sont  iotei^its  au  contr6le.  Lcs  hommes  ne  fiourrout  se  presenter  en  etut  d'ivroj^e. 

Monl-M-GnilM-rl.  I«>  "i  Octohrc  lOU. 

•'■*"••"" ^■"  ••<  '»  «'»''  U  H.>iirKmwtrr 

1IA5IM  11.  Miu'onl  E.  WAITIKU 


It  should  be  noted  that  Sergeant  Hamich  did  not  even  deign  to  consult  the 
burgomaster  as  to  his  signature.  Burgomaster  Wautier  did  not  know  the 
substance  of  the  poster  until  after  it  had  been  put  up* 

•  Compare  J.  MassarVs  "  Comment  les  Beiges  resistent  a  la  Domination  allemande."  Paris  : 
Payot,  1916. 


58 


ARBITRARY    JUSTICE   AND   THE    DEATH   PENALTY— RIVALS    OF    HAMICH. 
NOTICE     POSTED     UP     IN     THIELT. 

IMPORTANT  WARNING. 

"It  has  come  to  my  knowledge  that  the  inhabitants  of  the  country  are  still  hiding 
arms  and  munitions  in  their  houses. 

"Those  who  still  have  arms  in  their  possession  (whether  fire-arms,  bows,  cross-bows, 
arquebuses,  or  knives  and  swords  of  any  description)  will  not  be  punished  in  any  way  if 
the  arms  and  munitions  are  deposited  by  December  15th  (noon  precisely,  German  time) 
at  the  house  of  the  burgomaster  of  the  commune,  to  be  handed  over  to  the  military 
commandant. 

"After  the  date  indicated,  all  persons  found  in  possession  of  arms  or  munitions  will 
be  shot.  An  account  also  will  be  demanded  of  the  burgomasters  concerned,  and  also  of 
all  the  inhabitants  of  the  houses  or  farms  in  which  arms  or  munitions  are  found,  as  well  as 
the  neighbours  of  the  guilty  persons. 

' '  The  death  penalty  will  be  imposed  on  all  who  know  of  the  existence  of  arms  or 
munitions  without  warning  the  burgomaster  of  their  commune,  who  must  warn  the 
military  commandant." 

{Poster  reproduced  in  " Le  Bien  Public,"  a  newspaper  appearing  at  Ghent  under 
the  German  censorship,  issue  for  December  11th,  1914.) 

NOTICE     POSTED     UP     IN     VERVIERS. 

By  Order  of  the  German  Military  Authority. 

"The  Commissary  of  the  Arrondissement  of  Verviers  calls  the  attention  of  the  com- 
munal administrations  and  of  people  under  his  jurisdiction  to  the  following  regulations  : 

"The  severest  penalties  will  be  inflicted  upon  offenders:  any  one  found  damaging 
the  roads,  telephones,  or  telegraphs  will  be  HANGED.  The  same  penalty  will  be 
inflicted  on  any  person  in  whose  house  are  found  arms,  ammunitions,  or  explosives.  The 
house  in  which  these  objects  are  discovered  will  be  destroyed  by  fire,  and  all  the  men 
encountered    on    the    premises    will   be    HANGED. 

"Severe  penalties  will  be  inflicted  on  any  district  where  damage  is  done  to  roads, 
telephones,  or  telegraphs. 

"For  their  own  safety,  the  inhabitants  of  communes  are  invited  to  denounce  to 
the  commandants  of  ttapes  those  persons  suspected  of  disobeying  the  present  order  or 
of  opposing  the  measures  taken. 

"On  the  other  hand,  those  communes  which  remain  tranquil,  and  in  which  this 
order  is  strictly  obeyed,  will  enjoy  the  full  protection  of  the  German  Government. 

"von  Rosenberg, 
"  Verviers,  August  22nd,  1914."  "  Colonel  Commanding  the  29th  Brigade. 


TRANSLATION. 

NOTICE. 

"i.  All  the  male  inhabitants  of  the  commune  aged  from  18  to  45  years,  rich  or 
poor,  must  present  themselves  to-morrow,  Tuesday,  morning,  October  6th,  at  7  o'clock 
in  the  morning  (Belgian  time)  at  the  railway  booking-office. 

"2.  These  inhabitants  can  no  longer  change  their  place  of  residence  ;  their  names 
have  been  given  to  the  military  authorities. 

"Those  who  do  not  carry  out  this  order,  and  try  to  escape,  will  be  made  prisoners 
and  will  render  themselves  liable  to  be  shot.  The  families  of  offenders  will  be  taken  as 
prisoners  and  their  property  destroyed. 

"3.  English,  French,  or  Russians  who  are  in  the  locality  must  be  delivered  to  the 
miUtary  authorities.  The  same  applies  to  Belgians  who  are  deserters  from  the  Army 
or  have  been  prisoners.     Offenders  will  be  punished  by  death. 

"4.  Fire-arms  of  all  kinds  which  are  still  in  the  possession  of  the  inhabitants  must 
be  deposited  immediately  with  the  commandant  of  the  railway  station.  Those  who 
are  discovered  to  be  still  in  possession  of  these  arms^  after  the  publication  of  this  notice, 
will  be  shot. 

"5.  Assemblies  for  roll-call  will  be  held  from  time  to  time.  The  day  and  hour  will 
be  given  in  advance. 

"6.     Umbrellas  and  sticks  are  forbidden  at  the  station.     Men  must  not  present 
themselves  in  a  state  of  drunkenness. 
"  Mont-St.-Guibert,  October  5th,  1914. 

"The  Commandant  of  the  Railway  Station,  "The  Burgomaster, 

" Hamich.  Sergeant.  "E.  Wautier." 

59 


PROCLAMATION    BY      GENERAL    VON    BESELER      TO      THE      IN- 
HABITANTS   OF    ANTWERP.    THREATENING    TO    DESTROY    THE 
TOWN    IN    CASE    OF    RESISTANCE.— OCTOBER    ioth,     1914. 


\0N 


ANTWERPEN 


Das  d<Hitsclic  Ilcor  hotriu  Eurc  Staift  ais 
Si^er.  keincm  Eurer  MitlN^er  ^\ird  ciii 
Leid  gcscbciieii,  umi  Euur  FigniUini  wird 
geschuni  werden  wonn  Ihr  EiH'h  jeder 
Feindscligkcil  ontlialleL 

Jwk'  WidorscUtlM'hki'Jl  dagt^cii  wrrti 
nach  Knegsrecht  bestralt  und  kanii  die 
Zersioruiig  Eurcr  scboncti  Siadi  ziir  Fulgc 
haben. 


DiT  Oberfje/eMxMiffer 
de*  deulstchcN  Bettufeningsheeres. 

voo  BESELER 


HJUITJUITS 

d'Anvers 


L'aniMlH'  allemaiide  enlrt'^iclorieuse 
daiis  \otiT  xillc.Oii  nc  Imidt  iiial  :t  auciiii 
de  vos  nMkil«\<'ii>  t4  on  iH'S|H.H'lpra  vos 
bicns  si  Aous  nr  t'Oiiimellcz  -aiKtiii  acle 
d'lHisliliiev 

Touu-  n'Sfcaancp  sera  piuiio  roiifonmv 
iiieiil  a  IjhIoi  Diartiaie  el  peiil  avi»ir  pour 
wHis«|UciK-e  la  ilcslnHthmik'  voIj'C  IwJlfc 
villc. 


Le  CammmulHHk  en  die/ 
de  taiinve  umtHjcHnle, 

von  BESELER. 


Inwoners 

VAN 

ANTWERPEN 


Jloi  duilscfic  Ipgcr  Ireedt  tnve  stad  bin- 
non  ills  «vrn*  iHnaAi'.~Aaii  g<HMi  t-iikel  van 
u we  burgers /ill  kwmur  gcdiwii  en  uwe 
goederni  /nlU'n  ge(H.H'biedigd  wordew. 
indicii  gij  u  untboudl  van  alle  vijaiideliik 
heid. 

Mer  legenslaud  zai  geslraJi  worden 
\olgeus  de  wtjIU'u  van  rfen  oorlog  en  kan 
als  gexolg  hebben  de  vcrtrieling  \au  uwe 
schuune  siad. 

Den  Opperbecelhebber 
mil  fwi  Iteleyleger, 

vodBESELEB 


60 


HOW  THE   GERMANS   TREAT  AN   OPEN   TOWN. 

Summons  to  Surrender,  addressed  by  General  von  Boehn 
to  the  Town  of  Termonde. 

"September  4th,  1914. 
"To  THE  Commandant  and  to  the  Burgomaster  of  Termonde. 

"The  Gennans  have  captured  Termonde.  We  have  surrounded 
the  town  with  siege  artillery  of  the  largest  calibre.  Even  now  the 
people  dare  to  shoot  from  the  houses  on  the  German  troops.  The 
town  and  the  fortress  are  summoned  to  hoist  the  white  flag  imme- 
diately and  to  cease  fighting.  If  you  do  not  accede  to  this  summons, 
the  town  will  be  razed  in  a  quarter  of  an  hour  by  a  very  heavy 
bombardment. 

"All  the  armed  forces  of  Termonde  will  immediately  deposit 
their  arms  at  the  Brussels  gate,  at  the  south  exit  of  the  town.  The 
arms  of  the  inhabitants  will  be  deposited  at  the  same  time  and  at 
the  same  place. 

"The  General  commanding  the 

"German  Troops  before  Termonde, 
"(S.)  Von  Boehn." 

Termonde  was  an  old  dismantled  and  obsolete  fortress.  When 
the  Germans  approached,  the  little  Belgian  garrison  left  the  town  and 
crossed  to  the  other  bank  of  the  Scheldt.  The  town  was  systematically 
bttrnt  by  the  Germans  during  September  4lh,  $th  and  6th,  1914. 


TRANSLATION. 

inhabitants   of  the  town   of  ANTWERP: 

"The  German  Army  enters  your  town  victoriously.  Your 
fellow-citizens  and  your  goods  will  not  be  harmed  as  long  as  you 
do  not  commit  any  act  of  hostihty. 

"Any  resistance  will  be  punished  according  to  martial  law  and 
may  result  in  the  destruction  of  your  beautiful  city. 

"The  Commander-in-Chief  of  the  besieging  army, 

"von  Beseler." 

61 


NOTICE     BY    THE     KOMMANDANTUR    AT  DEYNZE.    ANNOUNCING 

TO     THE     INHABITANTS    THAT     THE     COMMUNES     OF     ROULERS 

(ROESLAERS)  AND  RUMBEKE    HAD  BEEN  FINED  100,000  FRANCS. 

NOVEMBER    2ND,    1914. 


ll 


Te  RocsHaore  v\\  iv  Hiirriheke  zljn  Diiilsche  soldaten  door 
burgers  aangoratidgeworden.  leder  dor  beide  gemeenteii  is 
met  eene  belaslini;  \ari 

100,000  FRANKEN 

gesd'afl  geworden. 

Ik  waarschuw  do  burgers  van  Deinze  en  orngeving  zich  van 
alle  vijandeiijke  handc'lingjogons  de  Ihiifsdx'  Iroopon  te  on(- 
hond(M),  daar  zij  eveneens  mel  eene 

HOOCS-E    GELIDBOETE 

en  de  STKENCSTE  MAATKECELEW  tegenover  de   burgerij 
gestraft  zouden  wurden. 

HiJzonderlijK    berirnier    ik    dat    eike    pogilig    VB.J1 

spioneering,  signaleo  geven,  enz 


zai  geslrall  worden. 

In  bet  belang  {U^r  inwcMirrs  raad  ik  aan  de  stad  nie(  zonder 
nood/akelijkheid  te  verlalen  en  zoo  weinig  niogelijk  te  reizen, 
aangezicn  men  gemakkelijk  van  spioneering  verdacht  kan 
worden. 

UEiNZE,  2  MOVHJHMR  1914. 

De  Kommandantur 

'^—^— ——————— lii^—ii^—i——  I         I  rmm-ma^tmmmmmmmm^-^ 

S«elJrali.     nOCER     V  A  !«    C  O  B  T  B  E  II    y    C*    Bciatc. 

With  regard  to  the  supposed  attacks  by  civilians,  it  is  important  to  notice 
the  following  facts  : — 

The  memory  of  the  French  franc s-tireurs  in  1870  was  still  vivid  in  Germany  ; 
it  was  still  deeply  rooted  in  the  whole  army,  and  a  theory  had  been  evolved  from 
it  for  military  operations  in  enemy  countries.  Nurtured  on  these  principles 
even  in  peace  time,  the  soldiers  were  always  apprehensive  of  francs-tireurs,  and 
imagined  their  attacks  before  they  occurred. 

Compare  M.  Van  Langenhove's  book,  "  The  Growth  of  a  Legend."  (Putnam, 
New    York   and  London.) 

'62 


COLLECTIVE    RESPONSIBILITY  :     FINES,    DEPORTATION, 

INCENDIARISM. 

Notice  posted  up  in  Thielt,  Termonde,  and  in  other  Communes  of  Flanders. 

IMPORTANT   NOTICE. 

"Alidor  Vandamme,  inhabitant  of  Cortemarck,  committed 
espionage  by  making  signals  to  the  enemy.  Resisting  arrest,  he 
was  killed  by  a  rifle-bullet. 

"The  German  authority  has  taken  the  following  measures  of 
coercion  in  consequence  of  the  crime  committed  by  Vandamme  : — 

"i.  The  cure  Blancke  and  the  vicaire  Barra,  responsible  for  the 
members  of  their  parish,  will  be  deported  as  prisoners  of  war  to 
Germany. 

"2.  The  commune  of  Cortemarck  must  pay  a  fine  of  five 
thousand  marks  (5,000  M.)." 

{Posted  at  Thielt,  Termonde,  etc.) 

Warning  posted  up  in  Louvain  (1914)  by  the  German  Authorities. 

WARNING. 

"The  town  of  Mons  has  had  to  pay  a  contribution  of  1,000,000 
francs  because  a  civilian  has  fired  on  a  German  soldier." 

Notice  posted  up  in  Arlon  (August  13th,  1914). 

PROCLAMATION. 

"Luminous  signals  have  been  made  to-night  between  Freylange 
and  the  lower  part  of  this  town  ;  one  of  our  patrols  has  been 
attacked ;  our  telephone  wires  have  been  cut.  To  punish  the 
population  guilty  of  these  acts  of  ill-will,  I  order  for  to-day  at 
3  o'clock  the  burning  of  the  village  of  Freylange  and  the  sack  of 
100  houses  in  the  west  of  Arlon.  I  also  condemn  the  town  to 
a  war  contribution  of  100,000  francs,  which  must  be  paid  over  before 
6  p.m.,  or  I  shall  have  the  hostages  shot.  "von  der  Esch."* 

*  Local  commandant  at  Arlon  who  had  established  the  Kommandantur 
in  the  Hotel  du  Nord. 

TRANSLATION.  WARNING. 

"At  Roeseiaere  and  at  Rumbeke  German  soldiers  were  attacked 
bv  the  citizens.     Each  of  these  towns  has  been  fined 
"100,000  FRANCS. 
"I  warn  the  citizens  of  Deynze  and  its  surroundings  to  abstain 
from  anv  hostile  acts  towards  the  German  troops,  as  they  also  will 
be  punished  with  a  ^^  HEAVY    FINE, 

and  the  severest  measures  will  be  taken  against  the  citizens. 

"I  especially  remind  you  that  any  attempt  at  spying  or  the 
giving  of  signals  will  be 

"PUNISHED    WITH    DEATH. 
"In  the  interest  of  the  inhabitants,   I  advise  them  not  to 
leave  the  town  except  of  necessity,  and  to  travel  as  little  as  possible, 
as  they  may  easily  be  suspected  of  espionage. 
"Deynze,  November  2nd,  1914.  xhe  Commandant." 

63 


NOTICE    BY    BARON    VON    LUTTWITZ,    MILITARY    GOVERNOR    OF 

BRUSSELS,    CONCERNING    THE    MOVEMENTS    OF    MOTOR    CARS, 

MOTOR     CYCLES,     AND     BICYCLES,     AND     THE     POSSESSION     OF 

CARRIER   PIGEONS.— SEPTEMBER    13TH,    191 4. 


iilUHi 


i  Der  Verkelir  von  Privalauloroubilon.  Molor 
radern  und  KalirrSdprii  ohiK»  riiie  bi'soiidciT. 
von  der  Deutschen  KnninianihitiUir  (nif  dr  la 
i.oi.  G)  auszuslellendc  Krlaiilmi^kartc  >>ird  hier- 
nil  fijr  die  Sladi  Hi-usM'l  und  ihn'  Vororlc  \er- 
boien. 

Eriaubnisscheine  werden  niir  in  drin^nden 
Fallen  ausgegeben  werden 

Zuwiderhandlungen  gegen  ditse  \  eri(i;;itii}; 
werden  die  Beschlapnidinic  der  \ulomoliilc 
Motorrader  Oder  Fahrriidn-  /.ur  Folgp  riah-n 

Bei  den  ausserhalb  Hriissels  o|iericn'»den 
deutschen  Truppen  ist  ^ie  VerfOjiung  gplronou 
worden,  dass  vom  15.  d.M  ab  mil  jcnleii  in  ihrcm 
flereich  betroflenen  ZiviiriidhilirT-r  gcs<-hov«on 
werden  wird.DieseMassregel  wurde  eriordcrlicli, 
da  die  Besiirzung  von  Anl\\erpen  nachgcwiesen- 
ermassen  dauernd  durch  Hadlahrer  iiber  die 
Bewegungen  unserer  Triippcii  unlerrichtel  wird. 

S  Bezitzer  von  Iti-ieflanltcn.  die  dicso  nichl 
biszum  15  d  M  Millags  a!»};«'liefiTl  halM'n.sowie 
Leute,  die  durch  Signsde  o<Ior  in  ir^nd  einer 
andere  Weise  die  deutschen  mililirischen  Inle- 
resscn  zu  schfldigen  versnclien.  werden  nach 
dem  Kriegsrechi  hesinill  werden. 

tBrussel.  den  13  Scplember  J9ti. 

ikr  MIIUui'-Gourentenr  mii  Brussel, 
FrcihetT  \0i^  L(jTnWTZ» 


AVIS 


I  La  cirrnlallon  des  aulomobilo>  p^l^e(•s 
njotooMlcllcs  el  velas  est  Inlerdile  lam  pour  l:i 
Mile  de  Bnivelles  qse  pour  les  laubourgN.  saul 
a  des  persoiines  munies  dun  perniis  s|)OPial  liti 
Comiiiandanl  allcmand  (ruede  la  Loi.  ('»). 

Ces  porinis  ne  «eront  deli^re'*  <tiicii  fa> 
diirgence 

Toiiif  tt-oninivcntion  sera  pfinio  par  la  sii^ir 
des  v<ihirules. 

Lordre  fomwl  a  ('(e  donn^  aii\  iroiipcs  allo- 
oiandes  nporaiit  a  1  alfnlour  de  Bruxellcs  dc  lirct* 
sur  chaipic  c>clisU'  encSvil.  Celle  nicsmv  s  impoS^ 
(>arco  qnon  a  des  preHv<»s  qne  la  garnison 
d  \n\er>  a  ele  inlornioo  coniinneilenienl  dos. 
mou>ements  de  nos  troupes  pai- 1  inlornocdrairo 
de  cvclisles. 


"1.  I.PN  |K>rsnnnes  qiij,  apres  le  15  sepicnibre, 
<<en)nl  en«*orecn  possession  de  pigeons  vo\ageurs. 
ainsi  que  daulres  personnes  qui.  par  des  sigifaax 
ou  n'iin|)orU>  quel  auire  moyeii,  essa>eronl  do 
nuire  a«\  inter^ls  niilitaires  alleinanils.  soi-ont 
jiigees  (Faprcs  les  lois  ie  la  guerre 

Brnxclles.  le  13  se|)tehibre  4JM4 


Le  Gouvemevr  Mililairp  Allemand 

de  Bruxetles, 

Baron  yoN  i.UTTWITZ, 


BERICHT 


^  llel  verkeer  van  private  auiouiobiden  in 
/.onihr  hifzonderf  loeialing  af  le  k'Nt'ren  door 
hei  Duitsihe  kommandanlNfhap  WtKlraat  G 
verboden  rn  de  Stad  Brussel  en  de  urnli^gende 
gcineoiiten 

Vcrguniiingskaarleii  worden enkel  iiidringend 
nevid  algeleverd 

Owrlreilingen  legen  dezeverordeniii«\Norden 
inel  inbesJagneming  der  voerloigen  geslrall 

Dv  DiiilNfbe  iroepen  die  rond  Brussel  operce- 
ren  hebbiMi  be\el  gekregen  van  den  15*  d.  M 
af.  te  schieien  op  ieder  wie1ri|der  in  burgers- 
kleeren  Deze  maalregel  moei  genoinen  worden 
omdal  hel  bewezen  werd  dai  de  bezelting  vaii 
\niwerpen  godurig  door  wielrijders  omlrenl  de 
bewegingen  onwr  Irocpeii  onderricht  werd 

2.  Bezillers  van  reisduiven  die  zlch  van  deze 
iiiel  op  15-rf.M..  s  middags.  ontdaan  hebben  als- 
dok  zi|  die  door  seinen  of  op  welke  andere 
wijze  oojk  trachten  de  Duitsche  mililaire  belan- 
gen  te  schaden,  zuilen  volgens  de  krijgsweiien 
gesiraft  worden 


Brussel.  den  13'  September  <9li. 


De  VdUaire  Gouvemeur  mn  Brussel, 
Vrlilieer  von  UJTTWITZ, 


The  charge  against  the  cyclists  of  scouting  for  the  benefit  of  the  garrison  at 
Antwerp  was  occasioned  by  the  great  sortie  of  September  9th,  which  had  just  ended. 
This  sortie  kept  large  German  forces  before  Antwerp,  and  thus  contributed  indirectly 
to  the  victory  of  the  Marne. 


64 


BELGIUM    A    PRISON. 

NOTICE  POSTED  UP  IN  ANTWERP. 

"Any  person  who  reproduces,  without  authority,  representa- 
tions of  destruction  caused  by  the  war,  or  who  displays,  offers  for 
sale,  sells,  or  otherwise  distributes,  by  means  of  post  cards,  illus- 
trated reviews,  daily  newspapers,  or  other  periodicals  containing 
such  representations,  above  all  of  buildings  or  localities  burned  or 
devastated  by  the  war,  will  be  punished  by  a  fine  not  exceeding 
5,000  marks  or  a  term  of  imprisonment  not  exceeding  one  year. 
The  type  and  plates  used  for  the  reproduction  of  such  representa- 
tions are  further  liable  to  be  seized  and  destroyed. 

"The  Imperial  Governor, 

"Freiherr  von  Huene, 
'' Antwerp,  December  isf,  1914."  "General  of  Infantry. 

{Posted  at  Antwerp.) 

NOTICE  POSTED  UP  AT  HERVE. 

By  Order  of  the  German  Authority. 

"After  8  p.m.  (7  p.m.  Belgian)  there  must  be  no  lights  in  the 
windows  of  the  houses  of  the  town  of  Herve. 

"The  patrol  has  orders  to  fire  at  every  window  giving  upon  the 
street  in  which^a  light  is  visible. 

"Ad.  Cajot,  Sheriff. 
"F.  de  Francques,  Judge." 
(Posted  at  Herve.) 


TRANSLATION.  NOTICE 

"i.  The  use  of  private  motor  cars,  motor  cycles,  and  bicycles 
is  forbidden  in  the  town  of  Brussels  and  in  its  suburbs,  except  by 
persons  furnished  with  a  special  permit  from  the  German  Commandant 
(6  Rue  de  la  Loi). 

"These  permits  are  only  issued  in  urgent  cases. 
"Any  infringement  of  this  rule  will  be  punished  by  seizure  of 
the  vehicle. 

"Formal  orders  have  been  given  to  the  German  troops  operating 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Brussels  to  fire  at  any  cyclist  in  civilian 
clothes.  This  measure  has  been  imposed  because  the  garrison  of 
Antwerp  was  continually  informed  by  cyclists  of  the  movements 
of  our  troops. 

"2.  Persons  who,  after  September  15th,  are  found  in  possession 
of  carrier  pigeons,  as  well  as  persons  who  by  signals  or  any  other 
means  endeavour  to  prejudice  German  military  interests,  will  be 
tried  by  martial  law. 

"Brussels,  September  i^th,  1914. 

"The  German  Military  Governor  of  Brussels, 
"Baron  von  Luttwitz, 

"Major-General." 
65 


PROCLAMATION     BY     BARON     VON     DER     GOLTZ,     GOVERNOR- 
GENERAL      OF     OCCUPIED     BELGIUM.— SEPTEMBER     25TH,      1914. 


leral-GfliiverDeiiieiit  in  BeMeii 

Es  sind  neuerdings  in  &e- 
nden,  die  augenblicklich  von 
aerkeren  deutschen  Trup- 
;nabteilungen  nicht  besetzt 
aren,  Ueberfaelle  auf  Wa- 
inkolonnen,  Patrouillen  von 
siten  der  Einwobner  eriolgt. 
Icb  macbe  daraul  aufmerk- 
im,  dass  ein  Verzeichniss 
irjenigen  Stadte  und  Ort- 
haften  gefiihrt  wird,in  deren 
mgebung  seiche  Angriffe  er- 
Igt  sind,  und  dass  sie  ihre 
estrafung  zu  gewartigen 
iben,  sobald  deutsche  Trup* 
!n  in  ihrer  Naehe  voriiber 
ehen. 


Der  Cniftiil-Ciiiiiiiiiriir  m  Hi'lijwu 

Freiherr  \uy  dkr  VA)\JZ, 


II  est  arrive  r6cemment, 
dans  les  regions  qui  ne  sont 
pas  actuellement  occupies 
par  des  troupes  allemandes 
plus  ou  moins  fortes,  que  des 
convois  de  camions  ou  des 
patrouilles  ont  6t6  attaqu^s, 
par  surprise,  par  les  habi- 
tants. 

J'appelle  Tattention  du  pu- 
blic sur  le  fait  qu'un  registre 
des  villes  et  communes,  dans 
les  environs  desquelles  de 
pareilles  attaques  ont  eu  lieu, 
est  dresse  et  qu  elles  auront  a 
s'attendre  a  leur  ch^timent,d^s 
que  des  troupes  allemandes 
passeront  k  leur  proximit6. 


BnuallM.  to  3S  MplMolMw  l»14. 


Lr  Gonvrriu'Hr  Heiirrul  ni  Ufli/ii/Hr, 

Uaron  vom  iiek  <;OLtZ. 


GeBeml-Gouvfiriieiiieiit  in  Belflle 

In  den  laatsten  tijd  zijn 
rijtuigafdeelingen  en  patrouil 
len,  in  streken  die  niet  door 
sterke  duitsche  troepenaf 
deelingen  bezet  zijn,  door  de 
inwoners  overvallen  gewor- 
den. 

Ik  trek  er  de  aandacht  op 
dat  eene  lijst  wordt  opgemaakt 
van  zulke  steden  en  dorpen,  in 
welker  nabijheid  zulke  aan- 
vallen  pla;  ts  gevonden  hebben, 
en  dat  zij  hunne  bestraffing  te 
verwachtcn  hebben  zoodra 
duitsche  troepen  in  hunne  na- 
bijheid  zullen    voorbijkomen. 

SruiMl,  dan  2S  September  ISlt. 


Ill-  Cniiiiniiiir  Cnirinnl  in  Brlgir 

VrijIiiHT  vo>  DKR  GOLTZ. 


It  will  be  noticed  that  the  attacks  of  which  the  Governor  complains  took  place 
in  non-occupied  territory — that  is  to  say,  in  territory  occupied  by  the  Belgian 
Army. 


66 


COLLECTIVE   RESPONSIBILITY   OF   THE  COMMUNES  FOR 
CRIMES    WHICH    THEY    HAVE    NOT    COMMITTED. 

OFFICIAL   NOTICE. 

"  Localities    in    the    neighbourhood    of    which    telegraphic    or 

telephonic  wires  have  been  destroyed  will  be  subjected  to  a  war 

contribution.     It    matters    little    whether    the    inhabitants    are   guilty 

or  not.     This  order  will  be  applied  from  the  20th  instant  onwards. 

"  The  Governor-General  in  Belgium, 

"Baron  von  der  Goltz, 
"Brussels,  September  17th,  1914."  " General  Field-Marshal. 

{Placard  printed  in  German,  French,  Russian,  and  Polish,  and 
surrounded  by  a  border  of  the  German  colours.) 

NOTICE. 

"Any  person  found  damaging  a  military  telephone  or  telegraph 
will  be  shot. 

"Any  person  removing  this  Notice  will  also  receive  the  severest 
punishment.  If  the  guilty  person  is  not  found,  the  severest  measures 
will  be  taken  against  the  commune  in  which  the  damage  has  been 
caused  or  the  present  Notice  removed. 

"The  General  Commanding  the  Army  Corps." 
[Posted  at  Dieghem.     Copy  made  October  22nd,  1914.) 

NOTICE. 

"All  damage  done  to  the  telegraph,  telephone,  or  railway  lines 
will  be  punished  by  the  Military  Court.  According  to  the  circum- 
stances, the  guilty  person  will  be  condemned  to  death. 

"If  the  guilty  person  is  not  seized,  the  severest  measures  will 
be  taken  against  the  commune  in  which  the  damage  has  been  done. 

"The  General  Government. 
"(Printed  by  H.  A.  Heymann,  Berlin,  S.W.)" 
{Posted  at  Terviieren.     Copy  made  April  i^th,  1915.) 


TRANSLATION. 

PROCLAMATION  POSTED  UP  IN  BRUSSELS 
on  September  25th,  1914. 

General  Government  in  Belgium. 
"It  has  happened  in  districts  at  present  occupied  by  more  or 
less  strong  bodies  of  German  troops  that  convoys  of  wagons  and  of 
patrols  have  been  attacked  by  surprise  by  the  inhabitants. 

"I  draw  the  attention  of  the  public  to  the  fact  that  a  'register' 
is  kept  of  the  localities,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  which  such  attacks 
have  taken  place,  and' that  they  may  expect  their  punishment  as 
soon  as  the  German  troops  pass  near  them. 
"Brussels,  September  2^th,  1914. 

"The  Governor-General  of  Belgium, 

"Baron  von  der  Goltz, 

"Field-Marshal." 

67 


NOTICE     BY     BARON     VON     DER     GOLTZ,     GOVERNOR-GENERAL 
OF    OCCUPIED    BELGIUM.— SEPTEMBER   30TH,    1914. 


Wiederholle  I'berfallc  auf  doiiische 
upj)on  iind  Anschlaego  suil  B.ihii-,  Tcle- 
iiphen-  und  Telephoiilinieii  (lurrli  rad- 
ircnde  Zivilislen  voranfcisson  mich, 
Icr  Abacndcning  meinor  \  orordiiuns 
m  17.  Scplenibei"  lOU  sioiiKliclu'  ii) 
?inein  BQtehls})CPricho  Ifir  radlalu^orMlc 
k'ilislen  opioille  Falirscheiiic  init  solm'ti- 
p  Wipkung  tfip  nngiillig  zii  epklaoron 
I'ilpcpsoncn  wclcho  irol/.doin  padlalipcn, 
izon  sich  dcp  Gc(alir  aus.  \on  den  dcul- 
[joii  Tnippoii  besohosscii  zu  wcrdon. 
IJrgi  Ko^cn  einen  orgpiflcncii  Radlaliroi' 
r  Vopdaclil  eines  boai)si('hlii,'fon  Ansclda- 
saui  Bidinlinicn  odep  oincs  hcahsichiig 
1  Anj^pidsaul  dculsclio  Triippcii  \()P,  so 
inl  cp  slaijdi-o<!hllich  rrschosscn. 


nrr  Crufriil-Uiuirrriifiii  ^»(  Itrlgirii 

Fn-ihcrr  vo\  \w.\\  i'AWJJ., 


AVIS 


Dos auaques  pcilerees conlre  dcs  ipou jjes 
allemandes  oldcs  altenlaiscontpe  dos  \ol('s 
do  chcniins  de  ler  ol  dos  ligiios  lologp'a- 
phiqiies  ot  lolephonkpios  pap  (k's  volociptv 
dislos  olvils  ino  lopci'iil  d'anriulop  uhis  Ios 
popmisdo  cipoiilalioii  <|iii  oiiV  «'lo  «k'>livpos, 
<Mi  \0PHi  do  moil  ,rro!o  dii  17  soplom- 
hpo  ll)U,  a  dos  onils;  ils  oossonl  Immc 
diatoinoiil<r<>JPo  xakibk's.  Dos  oivils  (jui,  on 
dopit  \\i'  ooci,  circulont  rncopo  on  volooi- 
po<k\  so\posonl  a  00  quo  ck-s  lPon|M'«<  alio- 
mandos  liponl  sup  ou\. 

Si  un  oNolislo  cap*uro  «'si  siispool 
dun  ppojol  d'alloiilal  conln'  <k's  lignos 
(k'  olioinins  do  k'P,  (k-  lok'graphos  on 
lok'phono.  on  (k>  linlrnlion  d'aKacpior 
dos  iponpos  alk'niaiKk's,  it  M>pa  lusilk'on 
voplndo  hi  k>i  niarliido 


Bnixellei,  la   30  septembre  1914. 


l.r  'itiuni  iinii-  (Jeiit^-al  en  Relgiqui; 

Wiwm  vo>  lii-R  (JOLTZ. 


(lopliaalde  aanvallen  op  dirilsche  Ipoe- 
poii  on  op  spoopwegon-,  lelogpaal-  en  iclc- 
loonlijnen  doop  wlolpijdonde  bupgers 
govon  mij  daapioc  aanloiding,  moi  wljzi* 
gins  van  mljne  vepopdening  van  17  Sop- 
lenibop  1914,  alle  pejMnissiokaaplen  voop 
wielpijdende  bui-geps,  die  in  hel  gebied 
ondop  niijn  bevol  nilgogevon  zijn  gowop- 
don,  als  nielig  le  vopkkipon;  dil  Ipoodl 
onmiddollijk  in  wopking.  Bupgeps  wolke. 
(k'sniollogonslaando  znllon  wielpijden, 
k>opon  g<'vaap  (ku  (k>op  diril^rho  (poopon 
op  lion  gosoholon  wonll. 

tndion  op  logon  oonon  in  boohling  gc- 
iionion  wioli'ijtk'p  do  vopdenking  boslaal 
\aii  oonon  bo«k»eklen  aaiival  op  spoor 
woglijnon  ol  opdnilsolio  Ipoopon,  zai  hij 
golusilloCnl  woi'den. 


Ik  Goiireniiiir  GcminnI  in  Belgii. 
\lijlHHM\O.N  DKR  GOLTZ, 


Note  that,  according  to  this  notice,  a  civilian  only  suspected  oj 
at  destruction"   is  to  be  shot. 


an  attempt 


68 


THE      CIVIL      POPULATION       MADE       RESPONSIBLE       FOR       THE 
OPERATIONS   OF   THE   ARMY. 

NOTICE   POSTED  UP  IN  FOREST. 

General  Government  in  Belgium. 

To  the  People  of  Forest. 

"Despite  my  repeated  warnings,  attacks  have  again  been  made  during 
the  last  few  days  by  the  civil  population  of  the  neighbourhood  against 
German  troops,-  and  also  upon  the  railway  between  Brussels  and  Mons. 

"By  the  order  of  the  MiUtary  Governor-General  of  Brussels,  each  locality 
must  consequently  provide  hostages. 

' '  Thus,    at   Forest   the   following   are   arrested  : — 

"(i)     M,  Vanderkindere,  Communal  Councillor, 
"(2)     M.  le  cure  Fran9ois. 
"I  proclaim  that  these  hostages  will  immediately  be  shot  without  previous 
judicial  formalities  if  any  attack  occurs  upon  the  part  of  the  population  upon 
our  troops  or  the  railway  lines  occupied  by  us,  and  that,  moreover,  the  most 
severe  reprisals  will  be  carried  out  against  the  commune  of  Forest. 

' '  I  request  the  population  to  keep  calm  and  to  refrain  from  all  violence  ; 
in  which  case  it  will  not  suffer  the  slightest  harm. 

"The  Commandant  of  the  Landsturm, 
"  Halberstadt  Battalion, 
"Forest,  September  26th,  1914."  '      "von  Lessel. 

What  Really  Happened,  and  who  were  the  Authors  of  the 
Attacks  on  the  Railway. 

"The  railway  lines  of  the  country  afforded  the  enemy  great  facilities 
for  revictualhng  and  transporting  troops.  The  Belgian  High  Command 
decided  to  hamper  these  faciUties.  They  ordered  the  formation  of  seven 
detachments,  each  composed  of  100  volunteer  cyclists,  in  order  to  destroy  the 
railway  communications  in  the  region  occupied  by  the  enemy. 

"On  September  22nd*  these  groups  left  Antwerp,  each  of  them  directed 
to  a  special  area  of  operations.  Most  of  them  succeeded  in  getting  through 
the  German  /iwes,.  reached  the  points  agreed  upon,  and  cut  the  most  important 
railway  lines  in  Limburg,  Brabant,  Hainault,  causing  considerable  havoc 
with  the  enemy  transport. 

"The  greater  part  of  these  detachments  succeeded  in  joining  the  Belgian 
Army  again;  some  of  them,  accidentally  getting  into  touch  with  German 
troops,  were  surrounded  or  surprised." 

{U action  de  I'armee  beige.     Official  Report  of  the  Belgian  Army  Command,  p.  44. 
Paris  :  Chapelot,  1915.) 


TRANSLATION. 

NOTICE. 

"Constant  attacks  on  German  troops  and  attempts  to  destroy  railways, 
telegraph  and  telephone  wires  by  civilian  cyclists,  oblige  me  to  cancel  all 
permits  for  the  use  of  cycles  issued  according  to  my  order  of  September  17th, 
1914. 

"They  are  now  no  longer  valid.  Civilians  who,  in  spite  of  this  order, 
go  about  on  bicycles  are  liable  to  be  shot  at  by  German  troops. 

"If  a  captured  cyclist  is  suspected  of  an  attempt  to  destroy  railways, 
telephone  or  telegraph  wires,  or  of  an  attack  against  German  troops,  he  will 
be  shot  according  to  martial  law. 
*' Brussels,  September  30th,  1914. 

"The  Governor-General  in  Belgium, 

"Baron  von  der  Goltz, 

"Field-Marshal." 

*  Compare  this  date  with  that  of  the  German  posters. 

69 


NOTICE     BY     THE     GERMAN     MILITARY     ADMINISTRATION     AT 

MONS,  ORDERING  THE  INHABITANTS  TO  REPORT  ANY  BRITISH 

SUBJECT    LIVING    WITH    THEM.— NOVEMBER     i6th,     1914. 


ADMINISTRATION  DE  LA  VILLE  DE  MONS 

AVIS  IMPORTANT 

I/Administration  militaire  allemande 
ordonne  a  rAdministration  coiriTnunale 
d'arreter  et  d'envoyer  a  la  Commandature 
tous  les  sujets  anglais  ^ges  de  17  a  55  ans, 
qui  se  tronvent  sur  le  territoire  de  la  Ville 
ou  qui  y  arriveraient. 

La  Ville  de  Mens  devra  payer  une  contri- 
buiion  de  Guerre  pour  tout  Anglais  qui  serait 
trouv6  apr^s  le  21  courant. 

Les  habitants  sont  done  tenus  d'avoir  a 

declarer  a  la  police,  dans  les  48  heures,  tout 

sujet  anglais    qui    se   tiendrait  jdans   leur 

demeure. 

Les  Gontrevenants.^  cet  ordre  seraient 
personnellement  responsables  du  paiement  de 
la  contribution  dent  la  Ville  pourrait  dtre 
frapp^e  par  leur  faute. 

it'll,:   Ir   in  Suamhit    1914 

Jean  LESCARTS 
von  GLADISS 


Imp.  prov.  du  Huinaut  Lc'oii  LAMBERT,  rue  de  Houdain,  12.  Mons 

70 


APPEALS  TO  INFORMERS. 
I. 

Notice  posted  up  in  Namur,  x\ugust  25TH,  1914. 

"Belgian  and  French  soldiers  must  be  delivered  up  as 
prisoners  of  war  before  4  o'clock  in  front  of  the  prison.  Citizens  who 
do  not  obey  will  be  condemned  to  hard  labour  for  life  in  Germany. 

"A  rigorous  inspection  of  houses  will  commence  at  4  o'clock. 
Every  soldier  found  will  be  immediately  shot." 
(Extract  from  the  6th  Report  of  the  Belgian  Commission  of  Inquiry.) 

11. 

"A  notice  posted  up  at  Chatelet  and  signed  by  the  Commandant 
of  the  troops,  Freiherr  von  Maltzahn,  ordered  'every  inhabitant 
who  had  in  his  house  a  Belgian  or  French  soldier,  wounded  or  not, 
to  make  a  declaration  of  the  fact  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville.'  In  default 
of  which  he  ran  the  risk  of  being  hanged  and  his  house  burnt  down." 
{Extract  from  the  22nd  Report  of  the  Belgian  Commission  of  Inquiry,) 

III. 

In  November,  1916,  the  Military  Governor  of  Namur,  Baron 
von  Hirschberg,  published  the  following  decree  : — 

"All  the  inhabitants  of  the  province  having  relatives  who  are 
members  of  the  Belgian  Army  and  prisoners  in  Germany,  may 
alleviate  their  sufferings  by  sending  a  request  to  the  Minister  for 
War  in  Berlin,  on  condition  that  they  prove  themselves  able  and 
willing  by  their  actions  to  serve  the  German  cause." 


TRANSLATION. 

ADMINISTRATION  OF   THE   TOWN   OF   MONS. 

IMPORTANT   NOTICE. 

"The  German  military  administration  orders  the  communal 
authorities  to  arrest  and  send  to  the  Kommandantur  all  English 
subjects  from  17  to  55  years  of  age  found  within  the  urban  district 
of  Mons. 

"The  town  of  Mons  will  have  to  pay  a  fine  for  any  Englishman 
found  there  after  the  21st  instant. 

"The  inhabitants  are  therefore  obliged  to  inform  the  police 
within  24  hours  of  the  presence  of  any  Englishman  in  their  houses. 

"Anyone  infringing  this  order  will  be  held  personally  responsible 
for  the  pavment  of  the  fine  which  v.ill  be  laid  on  the  town  by  their 
fault. 

"Mons,  November  i6th,  1914. 

"In  agreement,  "The  Burgomaster, 

"The  Military  Governor,  "Jean  Lescarts. 

"von  Gladiss." 

71 


NOTICE    BY    BARON    VON    DER    GOLTZ,    FORBIDDING    BELGIANS 

OF  MILITARY  AGE  TO  REJOIN  THE  ARMY.  AND  HOLDING  THEIR 

FAMILIES    RESPONSIBLE    IF   THEY    ESCAPE. 

OCTOBER    7TH,    1914. 


Mr  lM«l}<is<lii' IU'};htuii.h liai  in  dnii xiii 
iIsi4m'ii  Tni|HM«ii  Im«n'I/.|<'h  {',vUh'\ 
'hi'pPivhliijvH  v\\\\»v\'  jiiii«;rirr  J.ilir- 
1^'  (irsJi'lhiiij^slM'h'lilr  /ii};<'lini  l.issj'ii. 
SI'  liH<;is(lM>ii  WUW  siiitl  fttif/ultif/.  la 
II  ion  (Iculsclirn  Tiii|i|N'n  lH>M*i/lcn 
I  ills  Limit's  };rll('n  liir  .lilc  IjiiWoImmt 
p dio lU'lolili*  «l<s  k.iisirlirli  Ihiilsilion 
iicniK^oiMrninncnls  \m\  dir  ilini 
IciMclilcn  Itclionli'ii. 
Us  >>inl  tU'u  l-;in|»tan;;n'n  iMi^isciirr 
sl<'lliiii^'siM>l<*lilr  iiin-inil  luisdnnljich 
•iHtlt'H,  ili<*s«'n  rol;,'r  zn  li'lslcn. 
\\Vlii|»ni(-iili^4'  ilnrli'ii  krinllj<;  dcii  Itc- 
cli  ilin>s  .■iu};nil>licklirlini  Anlnitlplis- 
4^  (Sl.'idl  4Hl<r  i«'iii(lj;nii<intln  olinr 
iiHiiiM^^iiii};  (l(T  ilriilsciim  Hrlirti-dr  nubl 
lir \ni:iss(>n.\\idi'iKnil:ills  tine  liiniilit' 
IiIkii'  !;nn:i<-lil  wird. ' 
tni  l(<*silrHiH's(;('s|('llini!j>lN'lrlils  «Hh>r 
irr  Ki'kniiiunj;sin.-irkr  ^rirodiMir  Wrlii - 
idili^i'   >v<Td('n  als  hrHifsffr/aiHfnH- 


/*•#•  Untfral-lHMirrumr  <n  tlrlqit-H. 

Fn-ilM-rr  \h\  mh  <;oi;i7.. 


AVIS 


hails  la  parlic  dh  |»a\s  iN-ni|H*(>  |iar  Ics 
li'oii)N-s  .illcniaiidi's.  |i*  (•oii\cfiii'ni4'iil 
In'I^c  a  iail  panniii'  aii\  iniliri4'n>  dr 
fitHsivHrs  r/nssr.s  di^  ui'drt'sdi'i'rjniinlrr. 
(rs  onli<'s  lM'lt;rs  //<•  soni  jmis  rnhihlrs: 
II  u'\  a  que  Ics  oi'drrs  dn  (ionxmir- 
iiK'iil  i;cnn'al  idlriiiaiid  ci  drs  aiilorilrs 
liii  soiivoi-doiin«>rs«|Mi  soul  \alal)lcs  dan<« 
la  dilr  pai-lirdn  paN^.  ' 

II  rs|  slrirli-nii'iil  (tr/nnlif  a  |4M|s  rrii\ 
<|ni  n'«oi\rnl  rrs  «ndir>  helm's  d'> 
doiniri'vuilc. 

\  l.ucnir.  Irs  niilirirns  nr  d«'\ionl 
plus  (piilUi-  Iciir  lini  arhirl  tU'  irsidriMc 
|\dlc  nil  niiHiniiltn  s.iiis  \  rlir  spni.ili'- 
innil  aiilorisrs  p.ir  r\diiiiiiisli'.ilion  .illc- 
niaiidr 

I  Ml  las  )!«'  null  1:1  >  rill  ion.  iu  /iniiUlr 
dii  niiliririi  sna  ri-alminil  iriiiH-  rrspon- 
salih'. 

I,rs  nidii'inis  sr  Iroinaiil  rn  possession 
dim  ordi'c  de  rrioiiidrroii  d'liiir  iiii'dailh' 
dr  la  nialrindr.  srroiil  Iraili's  roiiHiir 
Itrisaififirrs  dr  fiitrrrr. 


7  oclobr..  I»I4 


1 1-  1,1,111 11  III  III   l.riiiiiil  III  lliliiii,iii: 

HsiriMi  \o>  III  It  (.01.17. 


KENNISGEVING 


l>r  iM'ljjisrhr  Ke.ui'i'liii;'  lin-li  in  liel  j;i«- 
l>it'iUlooi-di'dnilsrlir  lioi'|M'ii  lu'/cl  ;ifiii 
inTr/i/irlitifffii  \.iu  rrni^r  joiip-n'  jaar- 

•;aiii;rii  ImmIiii  ini  oproipin^  |,iirn  I 

koiiirii.  jlr/r  lirl^isrlii'  hc'.rli'ii/ijn »////«'/ 
/////.  Ill  Ih'I  door  diiilsilif  IriH-pni  lir/rlli' 
urdnllr  \aii  liil  land  /.ijii  \ooi-  allr  iiiXMi 
iM'i's  iiilsliiiirlijk  drht'xcli'ii  \an  lirl  Kri- 
/nlijk  Diiilsili  finii'iaal-lioiixriiii'iiii'iil 
III  dr  lirjtt  oiid(>rui>/r;ii'o\crli«'di'n};i*ldi;;. 

Ilirniirdr  woidl  aaii  droiihan^i'sdrr 
iMJ^iiMlH'  iMxrIni  lot  o|>i-o(*|»in};  iiti/trti/;- 
livhjli  rcrlnMli'ii  aan  dr/.ni  ^«'\ol.u  \v 
i;r\rii. 

WiTrptiidili^'n  nio^'ii  in  I  xcrxol;*  lirl 
iHTi'ik    IniiiiM'i'  U'^'iiwoordi;;!'    xnldijl- 

IilaalsiMi  (slad  of  }j;nnn'nh'  y.oiidn-  pwd- 
kt'iiriii;;  dcr  dniisriii'  oxcrlirid  iii<rin«'rr 
\rilalrii.  aiidri's  /;\\  hii/iiir  famtht'  \vr- 
anlwoordrlijk  ^rniaakl  wonlcn. 

\\rriplirlili<;i'n.  dir  in  lirl  Im'/jI  /iillni 
i;i'\oiidrii  wordni  \an  rni  Im'Xi-I  loi  opror- 
piii;;ol  xan  n'n<'n-k('iiiiiii;;snii'daillir.  xxor- 
di'ii  als  /.nJusffvniiifinfi'H  iN'liandi'Id. 


Sruuel.  •!<>•  7   OclolMr  l»U. 


Ih-  1,1 

Xrijlinr  \o^  mil  i;oi;i/. 


72 


PATRIOTISM    OF    FAMILIES    PUNISHED    AS    A    CRIME. 

German  Communiques  inserted  by  order  in  **  L'Ami  de  l*Ordre,'* 
a  Belgian  paper  published  at  Namur  under  German  Censorship, 

I. 
Military  Tribunal. 

"The  Belgian  soldiers,  Jules  Hambursin  and  Emile  Thibaut,  having  lost  {sic)  the 
garrison  of  Namur,  returned,  after  the  taking  of  Namur,  to  their  own  home  at  Auvelais, 
where  they  were  hidden  by  their  relatives,  except  for  a  time  when,  according  to  their 
own  account,  they  ^were  traveUing  about,  trying  to  rejoin  the  Belgian  Army. 

"For  having  assisted  them,  the  following  persons  have  been  condemned,  under  the 
proclamation  of  September  19th,  19 14,  first  by  the  ratified  sentence  of  the  camp 
tribunal  (May  21st,  1915)  and  secondly  by  order  of  the  Government  (May  20th,  1015)  ; 
Fran9ois  Hambursin,  father  of  Jules  Hambursin,  to  3  months'  imprisonment ;  Marie 
Lorand,  wife  of  Jules  Hambursin,  to  2  months'  imprisonment ;  Barbe  Cabossart,  mother 
of  Em.  Thibaut,  to  4  months'  imprisonment ;  OHv.  and  Felic.  Thibaut,  brothers  of  Emile 
Thibaut,  to  4  and  2  months'  imprisonment  respectively;  and  Modeste  Hambursin, 
brother  of  Jules  Hambursin,  and  brother-in-law  of.  Emile  Thibaut,  to  3  months' 
imprisonment."  {"fAmi  de  I'Ordre,"  June  9th  and  10th,  1915.) 

II. 

"According  to  paragraph  18  §  2  of  the  Imperial  Order  of  December  28th,    1899, 
dealing  with  the  conduct  of  war  against  foreigners,  the  undermentioned  Belgian  subjects 
were  punished  by  the  tribunal  of  Namur,  May  15th  last,  with  2  months'  imprisonment  : 
"  I,     The  wife  of  Joseph  Salingros,  nee  Ang^le  Anciaux,  at  Auvelais  ; 
"2.     The  miner,  Justin  Salingros,  and 
"3.     His  wife,  Rosalie,  nee  Allars,  both  at  Araimont. 
"This  punishment  was  inflicted  on  them  because  they  failed  to  report  the, presence 
of  the  Belgian  soldier  Joseph  Salingros,  which  they  knew  of,  in  contravention  of  the 
proclamation  of  September,    1914." 

{"L'A?ni  de  I'Ordre,"  May  19th  and  20th,  1916.) 

Extract    from    the    "  Nieuwe    Rotterdamsche   Courant,"  a  Dutch 
paper  allowed  by  the  Germans  to  circulate  in  Belgium. 

"At  Hasselt  and  in  the  neighbourhood,  the  Germans  have  arrested  the  fathers  of 
young  men  who,  liable  to  be  called  to  the  colours,  had  succeeded,  in  spite  of  strict 
prohibition  and  active  supervision,  in  crossing  into  Holland  in  order  to  go  to  France 
(via  England)  with  the  intention  of  enrolling  themselves  in  the  army. 

"However,  when  it  was  known  that  some  of  the  fathers  had  been  arrested,  the  others 
also  crossed  the  frontier.  .  .  .  The  Germans  did  not  stop  there  ;  the  mothers  were 
arrested  in  their  place. 

"At  the  same  time,  the  Germans  made  it  known  that  all  these  people  would  be 
transferred  to  the  well-known  camp  at  Miinster,  and  gave  notice  that  the  women  must 
provide  themselves  with  as  much  body  linen  as  possible.  The  little  town  was  plunged 
into  consternation.  Later,  a  telegram  arrived  from  General  von  Bissing  announcing  that 
the  departure  for  Miinster  was  postponed  for  a  week,  and  the  prisoners  were  taken  to 
Tongres." 

{"Nieuwe  Rotterdamsche  Courant,"  February  3rd,  1915.     Evening  edition.) 


TRANSLATION.  NOTICE 

"In  the  part  of  the  country  occupied  by  German  troops,  the  Belgian  Government 
has  issued  to  Belgians  of  military  age  orders  that  certain  groups  are  to  join  the  colours. 
These  Belgian  orders  are  not  valid.  Only  the  orders  of  the  German  General  Government, 
and  the  authorities  named  by  it,  are  valid  in  the  said  part  of  the  country. 
"Those  who  receive  Belgian  orders  are  strictly  forbidden  to  obey  them. 
"In  future,  men  of  mihtary  age  must  not  leave  their  present  place  of  residence'  (town 
or  commune)  without  a  special  permit  from  the  German  Administration. 

"In  case  of  disobedience,  the  family  of  the  man  will  be  held  responsible. 
"Men  of  military  age  found  in  possession  of  an  order  to  rejoin  or  of  an  identity  disc 
will  be  treated  as  prisoners  of  war. 

"Brussels,  October  jth,  1914.  "Governor-General  in  Belgium, 

"Baron  von  der  Goltz, 

"Field -Marshal," 

73 


NOTICE  BY  BARON  VON  BISSING,  CONCERNING  THE  DANGERS 
TO  WHICH  BELGIANS  OF  MILITARY  AGE  ARE  EXPOSED  IF 
THEY  ATTEMPT  TO  CROSS  THE  FRONTIER,  AND  STATING  THE 
PENALTIES  TO  WHICH  THEIR  FAMILIES  WILL  BE  SUBJECT. 
JANUARY  26th,   1915. 


I 


ler  Z«ii  hJiNn  wiederholc  wchrfiliigrPu'sonen  >ersuchl. 
(lie  holts nrttfchf  Crenie  zii  Oheisckrdlen.  um  in  its, 
>  Hwr  ein)!irtnH*'n. 
slifnm*  (lahw  fotgemlw  • 

e  Wrgilnsligimgen,  di«  im  Cienaomnvcfkehr  nich 
pllrn.  «enlin  ffir  »( hrfahige  Brtgicr  aufKehoben 
per.  die  \prhi.).<i«i(lrig  die  Crenze  nach  Holland  zu  uber- 
versiiehon.  o^lten  <rh  der  Gclahr  aiis.  \(>n  den  Gienz- 
>cho5s«i  zu  nerden.  Welirfahljse  wprdin  im  Falle  der 
Wbeslraa  unJ  als  Kiieg^erangene  nach  l>eiiljrhland 
t. 

T  den  verbonwidrigen  I'eberlrill  eiiies  wrhrShigen 
naeh  Holland  liefdrdert  oder  begOnsliijt.  *ird  nach  den 
setien  behandi-ll  Hies  gill  aurh  fur  die  FainilienangebO- 
i  Wehrfihigen.  die  den  L'ebertrill  nichi  verhinderii. 
i  Wehrfahige  im  Sinne  dieser  Verordnung  gelien  alle 
ten  Belgier  im  Aller  vom  volleodeieo  IS.  bu  40  Lebens- 


erMile,  «on«rh  Belgier  in  das  deutsche  Heer 
sollen.  beniben  atil  bdswilliger  Erfiadun^ 


4m  »  Jmtr  IBU 


Freiberr  von  BISSIN 


BMm. 

ING. 


■mm 


km 


In  dea  laaisten  tQd  hebben  d[k«|]l>  wMrbtre  peraoonen 
getracht  heimeUjk  de,  hollandsche  grens  te  overNChrijden,  om 
zich  bg  het  vijandelgke  leger  le  vervoegea 

Ik  verorden  daarom  h«t  Tolgeade  . 

4.  Alle  guiislen,  die  in  het  verkeer  op  de  grens  naar  Holland 
loegesiaan  qjo,  worden  voor  weerbw*  Belgen  geschorsl. 

i  De  Kelgen,  die  legen  bel  verbod  trachten  de  grens  naar 
Holland  le  overschrgden,  stellen  zich  bloot  iian  hel  |;evaar  door 
de  grensposlen  doodgescliolen  te  worden.  Zy  worden  indien  zy 
gegrepcn  worden.  gestrafl  eo  als  krugsgevangenen  naar  Duiisrh- 
land  gevoerl 

3.  Wie  de  verbodea  0Ter«rhrgding  der  grens  naar  Hollamt 
eens  werrbaren  Belgen  vorderd  of  begunstigd.  wonll  \olgen>  ile 
oorlogswetlen  behandeld.  Oil  geldt  ook  voor  de  familieleden 
van  den  weerbaren  Beig,  die  dezeo  niel  hindereo  loi  ziiike 
gf  ensoverschrgding. 

4.  In  den  tin  deier  verordening  gelden  als  weerbare  per- 
soooen  alle  nMonelgke  Belgen  In  den  ouderdom  van  het  ver- 
loopeo  16*  tot  40*  leveosjaar 

Alle  geruchleii,  volgens  weike  Belgen  in  hel  duitsche  leger 
loaden  worden  ingelgid,  benislen  op  kwaadwillige  uilvioding. 


Vrijheer  von  BISSING, 


!■    I  III  a«^tM»Jhr«- 


AVIS 


Os  lemps  tJirnier*  de<i  perxmin-s,  aptck  an  tervire 
mililairc.  oiil  «isiiv^  a  iliflorenies  riiirKi^,  d*-  in«ersrr 
secrelemenl  la  fronlierc  hollandaisv  |><iiir  rrjuindrr  lartnec 
ennemie 

Par  consequent,  |e  decide  ce  qui  kiiii 

I.  Toules  les  (a»ours,  en  vigiieur  pour  la  nrriiUimn  d«ii. 
les  zones  limitrnphes  a  la  frnnli*re  soni  tiippriince>  poiir  Un 
Beiges,  aploi  an  service  mililatre. 

•  1.  Les  Beiges  qui  essaienl.  in.ilgre  In  ilrrii>.r.  ile  fmnrhir  !.■< 
fronliere  vers  la  Hollande  ■iexpiwi'iil  .iii  danger  drirr  iiir> 
par  les  senliiielles  a  la  Iroiiliere.  Les  Beljes.  ap|.-s  an  <.^r»ir<> 
mililaire,  captures  dans  ces  rondllion<i.  <rmnt  pnm*  r«  ^ii»o»r« 
en  Alleinagne  cooime  prisonnicrs  ile  guiire 

J.  Quicoiique  aidera  on  f.norisora  le  pasjui;;^  ilnfcniln  en 
Hollande  dun  Beige,  aple  an  service  mililairc  Mta  irailc 
coiilormcinent  aux  lois  de  la  guerre. 

Ceci  s'appliqiic  egalemenl  aux  membres  d'  la  famille  iln 
Beige,  aple  au  service  militairr  prccile.  qui  n'emperlMnl  pa> 
celui-ci  de  se  ren<tre  en  Hollande 

4.  Soni  consideres  cumnie  aple:<  an  service  mi4ilaire  daii<  le 
sens  de  eel  arr*l*.  lous  les  Beiges  du  sexe  ina.sculin.  ilgi-s  lU 
16  ■    40  ans  revolus. 

Tous  les  bruils  d'apres  lesquels  de*  Beiges  seraieni  inror 
pore*  daoa  rarmee   allenuode  ne  toot  que  dea    inventions 


Bnullr*.  b  »  jiamr  I9t» 


Lt  Gtmvrrnem-  Gttirmt  en  Btlgi^, 

Baroo  voN  BISSING. 


-V.IW«»i«»t-«i 


74 


BELGIAN    PATRIOTISM    DOES    NOT    FEAR    DEATH. 

Notice  by  General  von  Huene. 
NOTICE. 

"A  party  composed  of  about  a  hundred  civilians,  of  whom  some  were 
armed,  attempted,  on  December  6th,  1916,  to  pass  the  frontier  by  force  in 
order  to  reach  Dutch  territory.* 

"Of  37  persons  who  were  arrested,  the  council  of  war  attached  to  the 
military  government  of  Liege  has  condemned  30  to  death  ;  four,  who  were 
under  18  years  of  age  and  who  were  not  armed,  are  condemned  to  15  years' 
imprisonment  ;  the  three  others  are  condemned  to  lighter  punishments 
because  it  was  not  proved  that  they  knew  what  means  were  to  be  adopted 
for  crossing  the  frontier. 

' '  Taking  into  account  the  fact  that  those  who  took  part  in  this  attempt 
had  been  over-persuaded  and  that  they  had  not  realised  the  gravity  of  their 
crime,  I  have  commuted  the  death  penalty  to  that  of  forced  labour  for  life. 
If  such  a  case  occurs  again,  I  shall  not  make  use  of  my  right  of  pardon. 

"The  Deputy  Governor-General  of  Belgium, 
"Brussels,  December  31sl,  1916."  "Baron  von  Huene. 

A  PATRIOTIC  PRIEST. 

"A  Jesuit  father,  of  the  name  of  Vermeulen,  also  played  a  certain  part, 
taking  up  an  attitude  which  was  really  incredibly  provocative. 

"He  sat,  with  folded  arms,  in  front  of  the  military  court  and  declared 
that  the  German  Government  was  here  by  brute  force  only,  and  could  not 
therefore  claim  the  authority  of  any  legal  instrument ;  for  which  declaration 
he  very  naturally  found  himself  punished  with  a  fine,  as  having  made  a 
disturbance  at  a  public  sitting.  He  defended  his  point  of  view,  and  stated 
that  he  had  not  only  the  right  of  encouraging  recruiting,  but  that  he  ought  to 
be  allowed  to  do  whatever  might  seem  to  him  patriotic.  It  was  for  this 
reason  that  he  sent  the  famous  little  lettres  du  soldat  (soldier's  letters),  and 
he  also  employed  the  confessional  to  induce  his  penitents  to  enlist." 

{Minutes  of  an  action  at  Brussels  appearing  in  the  "  Vossische  Zeitung,"  No.  18, 
January   11th,   1916,   under  the  title  of  "Stories  of  Belgian  Espionage.") 


TRANSLATION. 

NOTICE. 

"Lately  some  persons  of  military  age  have  several  times  attempted  to 
cross  the  frontier  secretly  into  Holland,  in  order  to  join  the  enemy  army. 

"Consequently,    I    decree   the   following: — 

"  I .  The  permission  to  move  about  in  the  restricted  areas  near  the 
frontier  will  not  apply  to  Belgians  of  military  age. 

"2.  Belgians  who  attempt,  in  spite  of  the  prohibition,  to  cross  the 
frontier  into  Holland  expose  themselves  to  the  danger  of  being  killed  by  the 
sentries  on  the  frontier.  Belgians  of  mihtary  age  captured  in  this  attempt 
will  be  sent  to  Germany  as  prisoners  of  war. 

"3.  Whoever  favours  or  assists  the  prohibited  transit  of  a  Belgian  of 
military  age  will  be  tried  by  martial  law.  This  also  applies  to  the  families 
of  any  Belgians  who  fail  to  prevent  him  from  crossing  to  Holland. 

"4.  All  male  Belgians  between  16  and  40  are  deemed  to  be  of  military 
age  for  purposes  of  this  order. 

"All  reports  of  Belgians  being  enrolled  in  the  German  Army  are  to  be 
regarded  as  mischievous  inventions. 
"Brussels,  January  26th,  1915. 

"The  Governor-General  in  Belgium, 

"Baron  von  Bissing, 

' '  Colonel-General. ' ' 

*  With  the  intention  of  joining  the  Belgian  Army. 

75 


NOTICE     BY     THE     GERMAN     GOVERNOR     OF     BRUSSELS     CON- 
CERNING   THE    COMPULSORY    REGISTRATION    OF    BELGIANS    OF 
MILITARY   AGE.— APRIL,    1915. 


loe  BelQier. 


IS  den  seilens  der  Geineindeii  Clro^s- 
,se\i  cingereivhleii  l-iklen  gehl  her\OP, 
sich  cine  Aniiihl  meldepdichtiger  Relgier 
he  in  den  Jahien  l893-lSn7  gelwreo 
Ml  fiross-Drussel  iinsAssig  sind.noch  iiichi 
ler  Ixiile  niilitiiire  |Mrsonlicli  angenipldel 
n. 

;ii|i'iii>:«:ii.\tclrhc  dicM*  \nnieldnni;  bishcr 
tiiinl  liai»en  win!  riitc  U-lzlv  FrisI  zur 
i-liliiMg  gewiilirl ;  dicv^ben  hnl>en  Mch 
I..  1'^.  I.t  iinil  1(1  4pril  \un  9-12  Oder 
lilir  (Ucutschc  7^i()  aufdrr  Erole  niilitaire 
ustcllen 
«T  diesv   Meldiiiig    iintrrlawl,    win!   bc- 


ilU  rtiHitepflirliltce  I'ersoiicnliross-Brristrl 
tiisliriicli  des  Krieues  v«  rliissen  iiiilH>n, 
the  4n\«!r\*niidlcn  re$p  Veimieler  ver- 
lili-l  <ltii  V<  rlilrih  AeficUtvti  denri  lleiit- 
II  ^ililrnnil  Gross- llriissvl  ine  dii  Heri- 
Hl  b<'i  VrriiifKliiiic  von  Sdale  l>i$  iiiiii 
%|iril  tU    •!    iiiiliiilrilen. 


1 


BEKENDMUKIIIG 


Meldepllcltip  Selgeii. 


I  ii  ill'  \<i..r:;tUplr  lijsU'M  dvp  jccmocnU'n  van 
GriH>»-Briiss(-l  hiijkl  dal  ovii  nnnlnl  niolde- 
piicliligr  B«*Iki'ii  die  Ml  do  |iirrii  lh92-IS97 
grbort'U  I'n  in  (•ronl-RrusscI  Kt-liiMwrsi  ii|n, 
xioli  nog  nifl  prrMxtiilijk  lit-hbcn  Mnngrnicld  in 
d<-  Kri|);sM  liooi 

Dcngcnrn  die  lot  nii  Im  wnitinid  liciilifn 
zich  aan  Ic  iiH'id«-n.  uordi  t>vn  laaUlc  uiUtcl 
f[;cKC\cn;  zi)  mod  on  licli  op  H.  12,  13  en 
1«  ipril  \iin  0-(i2  of  miii  3-6  iiur  (Duilsche 
Upl).  HI  d<-  krii^M'liiiid  uanbioden 

\Vi«'  nnliiiil   tirh  aan  Iv  birdrn  zai  k*"*!"!!! 


Indicn  mcldepiirhlip-  pcrsoiu-n  nii  del  iiil- 
brrkrn  van  den  oorlo^;  (irool-ltrnssol  \orlHlcn 
bfblirn.  ujn  dc  (aniiliHo«lrn  r«\p.  \4-rliiiiir- 
ders  »i'rpli«-hl.  deicr  vrrblijrplAals  nan  hH 
lluil\4-h  innnicldinxsbiirrfl  t  iiii  (urool-llriisv*!. 
niddncliinslriiut.  10.  I«>n  Innfstt-  op  lit  \pril 
b«-k<'nd  l«*  MitilCirii  '#,i|  dii'  «lil  «<TtniiiH-n  W 
tUti'H.  tulb'ii  Kcolriin  uordon. 


Oer  km  m  M. 


m  QFFieiEL 

conceriiiiit  les  Beles 
QUI  doiiit  se  lie  m. 


irrrsiillf  drs  lisii-s  r4-niisrs|MirlosronnHunr« 
dc  l'u^};lunM*riiliiiii  linixt'lloisi  ip^in  roriain 
noiiibrt*  dr  Relies  umiiiI  I  uliliKiilion  dr  h«-  Tairr 
insrnri-.  iit-s  dr  IStt2  ii  iNi)7  i-l  habitant 
I'aKKlunieralinn.  no  !»c  soni  |«s  pnS^nlr>  pci^ 
xdiiH-llrnirnt  h  rK4>ol«'  niililain* 

II  est  aoosnltt  ua  Ut^oicrdelai  A  crui  qui  ne 
«e  sonI  pas  encore  fail  inscrire  (usqu'A  pK*!«rnt) 
eeu&-ci  devronl  se'presenter  A  i'Ecok'nilitairc 
IcN  H  12.  13  rl  16  nvril  i\r  9  a  midi  ou  de  S 
A  6  hciires  (heun*  alleniaiule). 

Tout  qui  neglif^era  de  se  fidre  iawrire,  wrs 
puni 

<)iiMnl  Mix  Delgoft  qui.  de vant  sc  faire  iaaerire, 
a\aionl  quille  ra^ionieralionbruselloMe  epr^ 
\r  debut  de  bt  ytuPnT,  leurs  pi-re,  mere  •• 
aHlre«  paH'nlh  ou  k-.s  p«<rv>nne%  dont  ibt  rtjural 
b-s  liM-alnin<9>  out  robbKiilioii  dc 
I'lidresM'  dcres  Il4-li;<">  joMpi  nii  16  atril 
ebaiii  an  biirenn  d'liiM  iiplioit  iilb*i 
M-bes  Mebb-niiit).  lO.  me  du  NeridM^o.  Iat*. 
.eoiiiei-\enniilH  sevpoNeiil  n  elre  pnnu. 


OerGoiimfwBmsstl 


Note  the  appeal  to  turn  informer  in  the  last  paragraph. 


76 


THE  REPLY  OF  THE  YOUNG  BELGIANS. 

Here  are  some  cases  reported  during  December,  191 6,  whose 
authenticity  is  proved  by  the  mention  of  them  in  the  pubUcation 
of  the  sentences  pronounced  by  the  German  mihtary  tribunals. 

"Dr.  Michiels,  of  Montaigu  (Brabant),  has  just  been  condemned  by  the 
Germans  to  4  years'  imprisonment  and  to  a  fine  of  7,000  marks  for  having 
helped  some  Belgians  to  reach  the  Dutch  frontier." 

"Madame  Andringa,  wife  of  Major-General  Andringa,  Belgian  military 
Governor  of  West  Flanders  (unoccupied  Belgium),  has  just  been  condemned 
by  a  German  Council  of  War  to  8  months'  imprisonment.  Mme.  Andringa 
was  found  guilty  of  having  helped  some  young  Belgians  to  cross  the  frontier 
in  order  to  join  the  Belgian  Army," 

' '  The  town  of  Maeseyck  has  been  punished  because  some  young  men  got 
across  the  frontier.  All  the  cafes,  shops,  and  private  houses  are  to  be  shut 
before  7  p.m." 

{Communiques  of  the  "Bureau  docunientaire  beige.") 

"On  the  Dutch-Belgian  frontier  the  control  exercised  by  the  Germans 
has  lately  become  stricter  than  ever.  No  passport  is  available  for  travel  in 
the  frontier  zone.  The  public  is  warned  that  anyone  found  at  night  in  the 
prohibited  zone  will  be  fired  upon  without  warning. 

"In  order  to  facilitate  the  watch,  the  military  authorities  have  had 
destroyed  in  a  wide  strip  of  land  all  objects  which  might  give  cover.  Trees, 
bushes,  buildings,  private  houses,  have  disappeared. 

"A  young  man  from  Ecloo,  who  tried  to  rejoin  the  Belgian  Army,  was 
shot  by  a  German  sentry," 

[Communication  of  the  "  Bureau  documentaire  beige,"  October  26th,  1916.) 


TRANSLATION. 

OFFICIAL   NOTICE. 
Belgians  Liable  to  Registration, 

"It  appears  from  the  lists  handed  in  by  the  communes  of  Greater  Brussels 
that  a  number  of  Belgians  liable  to  registration,  born  between  1892  and  1897, 
and  living  in  Greater  Brussels,  have  not  been  in  person  to  the  Ecole  Militaire. 

' '  A  last  chance  is  given  to  those  who  up  to  the  present  have  not  registered. 
They  must  come  in  person  to  the  Ecole  Militaire  on  the  8th,  12th,  13th,  or  16th 
of  April  between  9  and  12  a.m.  or  3  and  6  p.m.  (German  time). 

"All  who  fail  to  register  will  be  punished. 

"As  for  those  Belgians  who,  though  obliged  to  register,  left  Greater 
Brussels  after  the  outbreak  of  war,  their  fathers,  mothers,  or  other  relatives, 
or  the  persons  with  whom  they  lodged  are  under  the  obligation  to  communicate 
the  present  addresses  of  these  Belgians  to  the  registration  office  (Deutsches 
Meldeamt,  10  rue  du  Meridien)  before  April  i6th.  Those  faihng  to  do  so  will 
be  punished. 

"The  Governor  of  Brussels." 

77 


NOTICE      BY      LIEUTENANT-COLONEL      BLEYHOFFER      TO      THE 

INHABITANTS     OF     SAINT-TROND,    CONCERNING     THE     FORCED 

PRICE    OF   THE    MARK.— SEPTEMBER    6th,    1914. 


KiilidlG 


Der  Z\vangskui*s  <  Mark  deutscher 
lehniii};  isl  i;leicli  1  frank  HO  cen- 
les  lHjl.nls<*her  waehwing. 
Ks  isl  mlp  zii  olii'en  Kekommen. 
«  liiesi};e  Ooschaeflc  (uer  \  Mai'k 
r  {  fi  ;mk  gcben.  Solllo  inir  j^onicl- 
»(T4lon,  liass  frrnorhin  I  Mark 
hi  gl<>i<'li  I  frank  .^0  <'<Mitiim>s 
•ci'hnrl  xsird,  so  \\orde  icli  die  I>c- 
(TtMidon  Geschaofu*  soforl  sehlies- 
I  lasscn  und  die  Inhaber  zur  \ep- 
\^orlimg  Ziehen. 

Gei  Bhyhoffo}' 

DberHtlfutiiani  urul  Konimandtnt 
llTnnd.  6 September  1914 


AVIS 


Le  coniN  force  dii  M.irk  n. liable 
<>ii  Alleinagni'  esl  eqiiiv.ileni  a 
1  fr.  30  cetnimos  xalem*  |{<'li;o.~ 

II  III  esl  |)ar>enii  que  des  inaisoiis 
de  eominerce  ne  donncnl  <|ur  /  fr 
poui'  I  Mark. 

Si  I  esl  |)orl(^  a  ma  eounnissiiice 
que  (lor(^na\anl  un  Mark  n'est  |)as 
coni|)l(^  \  fr.  30  cenliiues,  je  fei'ai 
imm^ialemenl  fermer  ees  niagasins 
el  en  rendrai  pesponsables  ieui-s 
oceupants. 

signe  Bleyhdffer 

Uculeaut-CokMei  et  CoaBuodanl 


SiTrimi,k9i 


^1014 


De  dwangkoers  van  de  Ihiilsche 
\>aarde  1  Mark  siaal  gelijk  mel 
i  fr  30  ceniiemen  Belgisclie 
waarde. 

Hel  is  ons  ler  norm  gekoinen  daf 
connnerclehni/en  van  de  slad  niaar 
/  fr  geven  vooi"  \  Mark. 

Mocsl  ik  vernemen  dal  in  het  ver- 
volg  \  Mark  niel  gerekend  wordi 
aan  I  fr.  TiO  ceniiemen,  xal  ik  onniid- 
dellijk  zuike  ntaga/ijnen  lalen  shiilen 
en  (le  hewonei-s  lol  veranlwoording 
dagen. 

r.ri  Bloijlioffor 

Luilrniinl-KolonrI  rn  Kommandanl 
St-Tiuiden,  den  6  SeptemUi  1914 


ORDER  BY  BARON  VON  DER  GOLTZ,  GOVERNOR-GENERAL  IN 
BELGIUM,  ON  THE  FORCED  PRICE  OF  THE  MARK. 


Uqu] 


ls(li(>s<;Hdntiissindenokkiipierten 
tpn  Belgiciis  in  Xalilniig  geiiomiiicn 
n.  m\\m  1  MARK  his  aid 
IS  mil  iirimiesinis  1-25  Frano 

It'iUH'll  isl. 


ftr  Gtntrml-GoHvernruT  m  Btlfitn, 

Freiherr  vo>  iitR  GOLTZ. 

HiriirilTiHa till 


OCTOBER    3RD,    1914. 

mm 


La  moiiriaie  alleiiiande  (es|M>('('s  el 
papier- monnale)  doil  rtre  arrcpitV  en 
imyeiiKiil  dans  W  icrriloin'  I.N'Ige  <k:(  iipr, 
et  ce  ius(|uVi  noiivcl  ordrr,  sur '  \» 
bascde:!  MARK  \alan(  au  nioins 
Iranc  1-25. 


I*  «  odebra  1«U. 


Ikiroii  vo.N  KUk  GOLTZ. 


DuilM-hgeld  nuH'l  indrhc/.HIc  siri'krn 
van  hclgir  in  IM-Salinj;  };•'••<►"•'<'»  ^^<»•••'«'» 
\>aarl)ij,  lol  riadrr  ordrr.  1  MARK 
iiK'i  ini  ininsir  Frank  1-25  '»"»<'' 
iMToknid  wordj'ii. 


,  da  »  OclobOT  I 


/*•  UoiH-fnifur  Kmrraal  m  0rl$iit 

Vrijiict't-  v«»  i>KH  (.OLtZ. 


78 


TRANSLATION. 

NOTICE. 

"The  forced  price  of  the  mark  current  in  Germany  is  equivalent 
to  I  franc  30  centimes,  Belgian  value. 

"I  have  been  informed  that  some  commercial  houses  only  give 
I  franc  for  i  mark. 

"If  it  comes  to  my  knowledge  henceforth  that  a  mark  is  not 
counted  as  equal  to  i  franc  30  centimes,  I  shall  immediately  have 
these  shops  closed  and  shall  hold  their  owners  responsible. 

"(Signed)  Bleyhoffer, 
"Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Commandant. 
"St.  Trond,  September  6th,  1914." 


TRANSLATION. 

ORDER. 

"German  money  (in  specie  or  in  paper  money)  must  be  accepted 
as  payment  in  occupied  Belgian  territory,  and,  until  further  orders, 
it  is  to  be  valued  at,  at  least,  1  franc  25  centimes  for  i  mark. 

"Brussels,  October  ^rd,  1914. 

"The  Governor-General  in  Belgium, 

"Baron  von  der  Goltz, 

"Field-Marshal.'' 


79 


THE    FORCED    PRICE    OF    THE    MARK. 

The  Diisseldorfer  Zeitung  of  September  4th,  1914,  announces 
that  the  miUtary  Governor-General  in  the  occupied  parts  of  Belgium 
and  France  fixes  the  value  of  100  marks  at  130  francs.  In  fact, 
notices  placarded  at  Charleroi,  Saint-Trond,  and  Namur,  and  in  the 
province  of  Liege,  oblige  the  Belgians  to  accept  German  marks  at 
this  artificially  high  rate,  which  has  made  some  merchants  lose 
considerable  sums  of  money. 


PROCLAMATION. 

"The  circulation  of  German  money  having  been  the  cause  of 
some  uncertainty,  the  price  of  the  German  mark  has  been  fixed  at 
I  franc  30  centimes. 

"The  attention  of  the  public  is  drawn  to  the  fact  that  all 
German  paper-money  must  be  accepted  for  financial  transactions 
at  the  same  rate  as  German  money  in  specie. 

"The  Governor. 
'*  August  2^th,  1914." 

(Posted  at  Liige.) 


However,  the  intention  to  defraud  was  but  too  evident.  On 
October  3rd,  Baron  von  der  Goltz  announced  that  until  further 
orders  the  mark  was  worth  at  least  i  franc  25  centimes.  Since  the 
mark  is  really  worth  i  franc  8  centimes  to  i  franc  15  centimes,  the 
Belgians  naturally  try  to  refuse  German  notes.  .  .  .  Also,  the 
new  posters  of  November  4th  and  15th  oblige  tradesmen  to  accept 
them. 

{Extract from  the  hook  "Comment  les  Beiges  risistent  d  la  domina- 
tion allemande,"  by  J.  Massart,  Vice-President  of  the  Faculty  of 
Science  at  the  AcadSmie  Royale  de  Belgique,  pp.  175-6.) 


80 


THE  "DEPORTATION"  TO  GERMANY  OF^THE  RESERVE 
OF  GERMAN  MARK  NOTES  BELONGING  TO  THE  "BANQUE 
NATIONALS"    AND     THE    *' SOCmTfi     GfiNfiRALE     DE 

BELGIQUE." 

Extract  from  the   Report  of   the  Plenary  Meeting,  held  on 

September   4th,   1916,  of  the  Directorates  of   the  "  Banque 

Nationale  "  and  the  **  Societe  Generale  de  Belgique." 

The  directorates  of  the  "  Banque  Nationale  de  Belgique"  and  the 
"Societe  Generale  de  Belgique"  at  their  meeting  to-day  take  note 
of  the  ultimatum  of  the  German  Government  (translation)  : — 

"Count  Pocci  has  informed  me  of  the  discussion  he  has  had 
with  you  in  the  course  of  the  last  week.  I  have  to  inform  you  that 
I  must  consider  negotiations  {pourparlers)  as  broken  off  if  you  refuse 
to  submit,  on  your  own  responsibility,  a  proposal  on  the  subject  of 
the  transfer  to  Germany  of  your  reserve  of  mark  notes ;  I  refuse  to 
allow  you  to  communicate  with  Le  Havre,  and  I  give  you  until 
Monday,  September  4th,  midnight  (German  time),  to  let  me  have 
a  precise  declaration  as  to  whether  you  are  prepared  to  transfer  to 
Germany  the  reserve  of  German  mark  notes  in  accordance  with  the 
discussions  that  have  already  taken  place,  or  whether  you  refuse  to 
do  so.     If  necessary,  the  details  may  be  settled  afterwards. 

"If  you  refuse  to  send  your  mark  notes  to  the  German  banks, 
then  you  are  conducting  your  business  contrary  to  the  interests  of 
Germany.  In  this  case,  I  have  received  orders  to  place  the  following 
institutions  under  control :  the  '  Banque  Nationale  de  Belgique ' 
^nd  the  'Societe  Generale  de  Belgique.' 

"If  the  institutions  oppose  the  control  by  passive  resistance 
(by  virtue  of  the  fact  that  managers  will  retain  some  of  their  functions 
under  the  direction  of  the  Controller)  then  it  will  be  necessary  to 
wind  up  these  two  institutions  in  the  same  way  that  the  German 
banks  have  been  wound  up  in  England. 

"You  have  time  during  to-morrow  to  consider  the  consequences 
of  these  measures  for  your  institutions  and  for  your  country.  I 
order  the  two  institutions  to  hold  a  meeting  of  directorates  to-morrow, 
so  that  they  may  be  in  a  position  to  give  a  valid  declaration  before 
the  expiry  of  the  time  limit." 

In  the  face  of  this  ultimatum,  by  which  the  "Societe  Generale 
de  Belgique"  would  be  involved  in  the  consequences  of  a  persistent 
refusal  by  the  "Banque  Nationale"  to  allow  its  mark  notes  to  be 
transferred  to  Germany,  both  from  the  reserve  and  also  from  the 
department  for  the  issue  of  notes,  and,  in  order  to  avoid  the  conse- 
quent losses  which  affect  the  general  interests  of  the  country,  the 
directorates  of  the  " Banque  Nationale "  and  those  of  the  "Societe 
Generale  de  Belgique"  accede  to  the  demand  for  transfer. 

81 


IV. 


THE   CAMPAIGN   OF  LIES 
DESIGNED    TO    SAP   THE  NATIONAL 

MORAL 


COMMUNICATION  BY  BURGOMASTER  MAX  TO  THE  INHABITANTS 

OF  BRUSSELS,  GIVING  A  FORMAL  DENIAL  TO  THE  FALSE  NEWS 

PUBLISHED    BY    THE    GERMANS.— AUGUST    30TH,     1914. 


^^^^ VILLE    DE    RRUXELLES 

Le  Gouvemeur  Allemahd  de 
la  ViUe  de  Liege,  Lieutenant-Gene- 
ral  von  Kolewe,  a  fait  afiBcher  hier 
la  vis  suivant : 

A¥X  habit nnts^jfe  In  VUh  de  Urge. 
Le  Boui-gnir^U'e  He  BnixoIIes  a  fail  savoir  an 
Conimanciaiit  allentand  que  le  Gou\f  rnement 
frannils  n  declare  ao  CoinerneraenI  bels^e 
l1n)possilNfite  de  Tassister  oflensivenr<  of  f»n 
aueune  manH^re.  y'u  qa^\  so  vol!  lui-inenie  Unre 
a  la  delensi\e.  » 

Joppose  k  cette  affirmation  le 
dementi  le  plus  formeL 

Le  BoKrgmesire^ 

^ ^Adolphe  MA2L 


84 


HOW  THE  GERMANS  SUPPRESS  THE  TRUTH:  THE 
DEPORTATION  OF  BURGOMASTER  MAX. 

Burgomaster  Max  having  courageously  defended  the  rights  of 
his  fellow-citizens,  the  Germans  deported  him  without  any  form 
of  trial.  Below  is  the  text  of  the  poster  announcing  this  measure  to 
the  population  of  Brussels. 

NOTICE. 

"Burgomaster  Max,  having  failed  to  fulfil  the  engagements 
made  with  the  German  Government,  I  find  myself  obliged  to  suspend 
him  from  office.     Mr.  Max  is  now  in  honourable  confinement  in  a 

"The  Military  Governor, 

"Baron  von  LiJttwitz,  General. 
"Brussels,  September  26th,  1914." 

Burgomaster  Max  never  knew  the  legal  reason  for  his  arrest 
and  deportation.  He  is  still  a  prisoner  in  Germany.  In  November, 
1916,  a  card  was  received  from  him,  saying  :  "Since  the  12th  instant 
I  am  again  tasting  the  calm  of  solitary  confinement.  I  know  neither 
for  what  reason  nor  for  how  long." 

M.  Max  is  incarcerated  at  the  "Nordlich  Militar- Arrest  Anstalt" 
in  Berlin,  whither  he  was  brought  from  Celle-Schloss. 


TRANSLATION. 

CITY    OF    BRUSSELS. 

"The    German    Governor  of    the    Town    of    Liege,    Lieutenant-General 
Von    Kolewe,  has   had    the   following   announcement   posted    up  : 

"T^o  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Town  of  LiSge, 

"The  Burgomaster  of  Brussels  has  informed  the  German 
Commandant  that  the  Belgian  Government  has  received  a 
declaration  from  the  French  Government  stating  that  it  is  not 
able  to  offer  any  kind  of  offensive  assistance,  being  itself  forced 
to  act  on  the  defensive. 

**  I  oppose  to  this  statement  the  moTst  categorical  denial. 

"Brussels,  August  ^oth,   1914.  "The  Burgomaster, 

"Adolphe  Max." 

85 


NOTICE    TO     THE    PUBLIC    OF    NAMUR    ANNOUNCING    THE    SUS- 
PENSION   OF    THE    PAPER    "  L'AMI     DE    L'ORDRE." 
END   OF   NOVEMBER,    1914. 


VwwUmwMlm  {{{'  \M\rin\vi'  h  Aiuiiiir,  a  on<'»  jmiIiImt  ditiis  mmi 

a  liMHiroil  r(siT\('  |mmii*  I(»s  nMiiiiMiHi(alion>  (f<*  lauforilo 
;UI(Mnaiiil(%  uii  |mm'»iih\  lrijiiHen\  el  oiifragcaHl  |«mii'  la  Halioii 
allcinaiide. 

4V\j)i'ini('  moil  iiHlii^iialioii,  el  m  jMvsenre  des  seiitiiHcrHs 
aussi  \ilaijis  <|iie  ladies,  j  ordoiiue  : 

1.  La  publication  du  journal  .  L'Ami  de  I'Ordrc^  ».  est 
suspend  ue. 

2.  Le  nujnero  vise  doit  dtre  detruit,  quiconque  sera 
trouve  en  possession  d'un  exemplaire  sera   poursuivi. 

3.  Le  directeur  et  le  redacteur  sent  arrales. 

4.  Des  poursuites  Judlciaires  sent  introduites;  les 
coupables  subiront  les  peines  ies  plus  s^Veres,  eon  lor- 
mement  aux  lois  martiales. 

6.  n  est  defend u  jusqu'a  une  date  ultarieure  de  re^; 
pandpe  et  de  vendre  des  journaux  non  aliemands,  et 
eeci  dans  toute  la  place  fortinee  de  Namur. 

6.  Je  I'ais  robiig-aLion  ^  touie  ia  popufeLiqXi  de  Namur 
de  me  denoncer  les  coupables  et  de  porit  r  a  ma  con- 
naissanee  tout  sou  peon  serieux  qui  pourrait  amener 
I'arrestation  des  coupables  mettant  louie  une  popu- 
lation en  dan^pr 

Um-m  Mm  IlinSCIHIKIU;, 


ruviN!'.  r«t.  fh  i    ei.,i\.  a«w;jH 


86 


FATE     OF    A    BELGIAN     NEWSPAPER     SUBJECTED     TO 
GERMAN    CENSORSHIP. 

Since  the  first  months  of  the  invasion,  the  Germans  suppressed 
all  the  Belgian  journals  which  refused  to  submit  to  the  censorship. 
Many  of  the  editors  destroyed  their  own  premises  and  left  the 
country.  However,  at  Namur,  the  paper  Ami  de  I'Ordre  was 
compelled  to  reappear  :  it  informed  its  readers  that  it  had  been 
obliged  to  yield  to  force. 

One  day  the  Ami  de  I'Ordre  received  from  one  of  its  readers  a 
poem,  apparently  of  an  inoffensive  character,  which  it  hastened 
to  print  in  its  columns.  On  closer  inspection  it  could  be  perceived 
that  the  initial  letters  of  each  line,  joined  together,  spelt  four  words 
extremely  insulting  to  the  Germans.  The  journal  had  been  made 
the  victim  of  a  patriotic  mystification  by  one  of  its  readers.  The 
moment  the  German  Governor  had  his  attention  drawn  to  the 
incident,  he  took  the  steps  described  in  the  notice  translated  below. 


TRANSLATION. 

PUBLIC   NOTICE. 

"L'Ami  de  I'Ordre,  the  only  newspaper  which  has  received 
permission  to  appear  at  Namur,  has  dared  to  publish  in  its  issue  of 
November  29th  on  the  first  page,  and  actually  in  the  space  reserved 
for  German  official  communications,  a  poem  which  is  injurious  and 
insulting  to<  the  German  nation.  I  express  my  indignation,  and, 
in  view  of  the  offensive  nature  of  these  expressions,  1  order  : — 

"  I.     The  publication  of  the  paper  L'Ami  de  I'Ordre  is  suspended. 

"2.  The  number  in  question  must  be  destroyed:  anyone 
found  in  possession  of  a  copy  will  be  proceeded  against. 

"3.     The  manager  and  editor  are  arrested. 

"4.  Judicial  proceedings  have  been  begun  ;  the  guilty  will 
be  most  severely  punished,  according  to  martial  law. 

"5.  It  is  forbidden,  until  further  notice,  to  circulate  or  to  sell 
any  but  German  newspapers  in  the  whole  of  the  fortified  area  of 
Namur. 

"6.  I  lay  an  obligation  on  all  the  inhabitants  of  Namur  to 
denounce  any  guilty  persons  to  me,  and  to  draw  my  attention  to  any 
serious  suspicions  which  may  lead  to  the  arrest  of  the  guilty,  who 
are  putting  the  whole  population  in  danger. 

"Baron  von  Hirschberg, 
"Lieutenant-General 
"and  Governor  of  the  fortified  position  of  Namur." 

87 


WAR  NEWS  PUBLISHED  IN  BELGIUM  BY  THE  GERMAN  GOVERN- 
MENTi  ON   SEPTEMBER    qth    and    ioth,    191 4. 


des 
:meQts. 


3.'S<.|iU'HibiT 
a(,  LcrichlHe 
iiiiU(a«risvlie 
I'  YOn  Fmgen 
liensmiitelzu- 
seschloss^n. 
(lem  Briel  an 
11,  4(ijss  zabl- 
>  unifrtasj,  die 
sit^'la^lich 
glkhkeil  des 


\.,rddeuluhe 
aclisitbeodes 
I  PrisideDten 

hi,  HeiT  Pra- 
en  Verlrnler 
1  jir  beotcb- 
aitr  4nuis6si- 

'rTJilK-'ii  (Ion 
K>t  '■  enideckt 
'  Regierungs- 
(-iisob;he  G»- 
verwundeten 
tischc  n  Trup- 
M  h  1  cKlidien 
\eiursachen, 
aneikannlen 
ierlils  string 
k"  linen /eier- 
Kr'  ;;frihriii)g, 
I  (.••jiner  eine 
lie  111.  Hinder 
xi'  ciie>v  giau- 
I  I  IxrigiRhe 
.i  I.eltiisclien 
i>0<  II  frniiKigt 
]iu  Diesclbsl 
"Ti  (JiM-nlla- 
K  h  an  vcr- 
...1  mid  Pde- 
fl.  l.iizaiilie 
mtiiit  tlenii  tig, 
iiiigi-n  waion, 
mil  di<-  Scliiil- 
-•  ■;■  I!  A.-.llv.- 
liiiii|*<1irli«Mi 
Ki-ii.  Uiiigc 
I  l.iiw'h.  mil 
»    iiiii»li-ii  III 

illil,   \MIIII  nil 

'  III  iiIIk  li  gf- 

•i   /.iililliiseii 

III  iiii  iind 

ill's  li:ill»;iii- 


Nouvelles    publi^es  par  le 
Gouvernement  allemand. 


Paris,9  septembre.  Au  Conseil  des  Minislres 
ttiiu  le  3  sepiembre,  h  Bordeaux,  le  Minislre 
dc  la  guerre  M.  Millerand,  a  fait  rappurl  sur 
la  situation  iniliiaire.  Eosuite  on  n  iraite  une 
serie  de  questions,  notammeni  celle  de  I'ali- 
inentation.  La  session  parlemenlaire  a  ete 
close. 

M.  Viviaei,  president  du  Conseil,  Tait  re^i  - 
lir  diins  sa  letlre  au  president  de  Ic  Chambre 
que  de  nombrcm  deputes  se  trouvent  comnu 
soldais  parmi  les  troupes  el  que  les  calaniito 
qui  pesentsur  la  France  Augmenteolde  jodreii 
jour  et  empteheni  la  Cbanibre  de  se  reunir 


lo.\ 
Kan 
Mill 
den  |i 
dig>li> 
di.-  Ki 
dit   (I- 
same 


Berlin,  10  septembre.  I.a  NorddeuUch*  AH- 
gemeine  Zeilung  publie  le  lelegramme  suivani 
adresse  par  I'Empereurau  President  des  Etal>- 
Unis  Wilson: 

«Je  considere  commeoion  devoir.Monsieur 
le  President  de  vous  informer,  en  voire  qua- 
lite  de  represenlant  le  p^us  distingu^  des  priy 
cipes  hunnianitaires,  de  ce  fail  que  mes  troupes 
oot  Irouve,  aprSs  la  prise  de  la  forteressc 
francaise  de  Longwy,  dans  cette  place,  des 
oiiiliers  de  batlts  dum-dum  travaillees  par  des 
ateliers  speciaux  du  gouvernement.  Des  balles 
dc  la  m^uie  espece  on(  ete  trouvees  sur  des 
soldats  morls  ou  blesses,  ou  prisonniers,  de 
nalionalile  anglai.sc.  Vous  savez  quelles  Imr- 
riblcs  blessuresel  soulfrances  sont  causces  p.-ii 
ces  baJles  et  que  remplol  en  est  interdit  par 
les  principes  reconnus  du  droit  inlernaiioiinl. 
Jeleve  done  une  protestation  solennelle  contre 
pareil  mode  dc  faire  la  guerre  qui  est  devenu 
gr*ce  aux  meiliodes  de  nos  adversaires,  un 
des  plus  barliarcs  de  I'hisloire. 

>  Non  seulemenl  ils  onleux-memes  employe 
cette  arrae  cruclle.mais  Ic  Gouvernement' beige 
a  encourage  ouvertcineni  la  population  civile 
a  prendre  pari  a  cette  guerre  qu'il  avail  pre- 
paree  soigneuscment  d^pui?  loiiglcnips.  Les 
criiautes  commiscs,  au  cours  dc  cette  (jiiehUa. 
par  des  femnies  el  incme  par  des  pivlrcs 
loiilre  des  solJals  blesses,  des  mcdeciiis  el  iIcn 
inlinnicrcs  (des  incdecins  out  etc  tucs  et  des 
lazarets  nllaqui-s  a  coups  de  feu),  out  cleirlles 
que  iiics  gcncraiix  se  soiit  liiialenieni  vii  obli- 
ges dr  rci'ourir  aux  iiioycns  les  plus  rigoureux 
pour  ilialiiT  les  coupables  ct  pour  einpcclier 
la  population  saiigiiiiinirc  dc  roiiiiiiiicr  cc^ 
alxMiiinnlili-i  actes  crilllllll'l^  d  inln-iix  I'ln 
sieiirs  \illHgc^  PI.  mciiic  In  \'illc  dc  l.iiinaiii 
mil  dii  clti'  ilciiiiiliN  (>aul  k-  lr<->  lul  Hold  dr 
Villci  «laiis  riiiicrci  de  noire  defense  rl  dc  la 
prniccliiiii  dc  iiio  iroupc>  Mon  ni'iir  saigiic 
i|iiaiid  jc  vnis  i|iic  parcillcs  nicsiircs  out  cle 
rciidiics  iuc\ilalde>,  el,  qiiand  jc  songc  aii\ 
iiiniiiiibrablcN  iiinmcois  qui  oni  |>erdu  Iciir 
toil  ci  Iciirsliicns  par  suile  des  f.r.s  iles  criiiii- 
iicU  en  qiicslion. 


•  WiLllEM  I.  R.  » 


Lt  CBiKfitiil  MilitJi 


van 

dec! 

miji 

kogeU 

labnc 

ko-el- 

licsne 

eiiiirl  . 

kciijk 

de 

du- 

(lel\> 
baw 
SleK 


Nole  Ike  passage  on  the  desfruction  of  Louvain. 
al^(->y()ual  of  this  act. 


The  Kaiser  signifies  his 


AN     IMPERIAL     SLANDER     AND     ITS     EFFECT. 

The  text  of  the  "news"  given  here  contains  the  famous  telegram  from  the  German 
Emperor  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  accusing  the  Belgians  of  carrying  on  a 
war  of  francs-tireurs  and  of  committing  the  worst  atrocities.  Here  are  a  few  German 
commentaries  on  the  Imperial  utterance  : — 

"What  is  the  source  ol  our  Emperor's  information  in  these  cases  ?     Is  it  the  articles 
in  the  papers  we  have  seen  up  till  now,  or  has  the  High  Command  furnished  him  with 
precise  details  of  these  individual  cases  ?     The  first  hypothesis  may  be  excluded  in  view 
of  the  gravity  of  the  subject.     But  if  our  Emperor  gets  his  information  from  unimpeachable 
sources  in  this  case,  no  one  would  be  more  anxious  than  we  Catholics  for  the  publication 
of  individual  cases,  which,  like  every  one  else,  we  would  brand  and  execrate.  ..." 
{"  Koelnische  Volkszeitung,"  September  10th,  1914,  No.  801.) 
{This  journal  was  suspended  for  twenty-four  hours  for  having  dared  to  criticise, 
even  indirectly,  the  Imperial  utterance.) 

"The  grave  accusations  which  I  have  quoted  are  not  only  partially  false  and  grossly 
exaggerated,  but  they  are  pure  inventions  and  untrue  in  every  detail.  .  .  ." 

".  .  .  in  no  case  has  it  been  ofl&cially  shown  that  shots  had  been  fired  from  belfries 
with  the  co-operation  of  the  priests.  ..." 

{Lorenz  Miiller,  in  the  review,  "  Der  Fels,"  10th  year,  January,   1915,  p.  161  ; 

February,  1915,  p.  181.) 

"Our  Emperor  has  telegraphed  to  the  President  of  the  United  States  of  North 
America  that  '  even  women  and  priests  committed  atrocities  in  this  guerrilla  warfare, 
wounding  soldiers  and  ambulance  workers.'  How  this  telegram  can  be  reconciled  with 
the  above  fact  (that  nothing  can  be  laid  to  the  charge  of  the  priests)  we  shall  not  know 
until  after  the  war."     {Lorenz  Midler,  in  the  same  review.) 


TRANSLATION. 

News  published  by  the  German  Government. 

"Paris,  September  9th. — At  the  Council  of  Ministers,  held  on  September  3rd,  at 
Bordeaux,  the  Minister  for  War,  M.  Millerand,  made  a  report  on  the  miUtary  situation. 
After  that  a  number  of  questions  were  dealt  with,  particularly  those  relating  to  the  food 
problem. 

"M.  Viviani,  the  Prime  Minister,  emphasises,  in  his  letter  to  the  President  of  the 
Chamber,  the  fact  that  many  deputies  have  enlisted  as  soldiers,  and  are  now  with  the 
Army,  and  that  the  calamities  crushing  France  become  heavier  every  day  and  prevent 
the  Chamber  from  meeting." 

"  Berlin,  September  10th. — The N or ddeutsche  Allgemetne  Zeitung  publishes  the  following 
telegrams  addressed  by  the  Emperor  to  Mr.  Wilson,  President  of  the  United  States  :— 

' '  I  consider  it  my  duty,  Mr.  President,  to  inform  you  in  your  capacity  as  the  most 
eminent  representative  of  principles  of  humanity,  that  my  troops,  on  taking  possession 
of  the  fortress  of  Longwy,  found  there  thousands  of  dum-dum  bullets  made  in  special 
Government  workshops.  Similar  projectiles  have  also  been  found  upon  wounded  soldiers 
and  prisoners  belonging  to  the  British  Army.  It  is  known  that  these  bullets  cause  cruel 
wounds,  and  the  use  of  them  is  rigorously  forbidden  by  the  sacred  principles  of  inter- 
national law. 

' '  I  therefore  send  you  an  indignant  protest  against  this  way  of  conducting  the  war, 
which,  owing  to  the  methods  of  our  adversaries,  has  become  one  of  the  most  barbarous 
known  to  history.  The  Belgian  Government  has  not  only  made  use  of  these  cruel  weapons, 
but  it  has  openly  encouraged  the  participation  of  the  Belgian  civihan  population  in  this 
war,  for  which  it  has  made  long  and  careful  preparations.  The  cruelties  perpetrated  in 
this  guerrilla  warfare  by  women,  children,  and  priests,  even  upon  wounded  soldiers, 
numbers  of  the  medical  staff,  and  ambulance  attendants  (doctors  have  been  slain, 
ambulances  have  been  fired  upon),  have  been  such  that  my  generals  have  finally  been 
compelled  to  have  recourse  to  the  most  rigorous  methods  in  order  to  chastise  the  offenders 
and  to  spread  terror  through  a  population  thirsting  for  blood,  and  so  turn  it  from 
the  pursuit  of  murders  and  horrors.  Many  celebrated  monuments,  even  the  old  city  of 
Louvain,  with  the  exception  of  the  beautiful  H6t§l  de  Ville,  have  been  destroyed  for  the 
protection  of  our  troops  in  legitimate  defence.  My  heart  bleeds  to  find  such  measures 
rendered  necessary  and  to  think  of  the  innumerable  innocents  who  have  lost  their  hves 
and  property  through  the  barbarous  conduct  of  these  criminals  ! 

"{Signed)  Wilhelm  I.R. 

''The  German  Military  Government.'' 

89 


WAR    NEWS    PLACARDED    BY    THE    GERMAN    GOVERNMENT    IN 
BRUSSELS.— SEPTEMBER    22ND,    1914. 


Veroffentlichungen  des 
deutschen    Gouvernements. 


Berlin,  tS.  S«plemlK>r.  (Aindirhc  Meldiing  von 
frestern  Abend.)  fiei  den  Kaeniplen  uni  IVeiins 
wurden  die  tesdingsarligcn  I  loelien  von  (^mo- 
Belle  eroberl  und  im  Voittchen  gegon  das  bren- 
nende  Reims  der  Ort  BcUicny  gennmmcn.  Beini 
Angrifl  gegen  die  Sperrlordinie  suedlicli  von 
Verdun  ueberschrill  unser  siegreiilier  Ostnind 
die  voigelagerte,  vom  (ranzoesisclicn  aohten 
Amieeliorps  verteidigte  Cote  lorraine. 

Ein  Auslall  «us  der  Nordoslfronl  von  Veidiin 
wurde  rurueekgewiesen.  Xoerdlich  von  Toul, 
wurden  Iranzoesisclien  Truppen  ini  Biwak  dureli 
Arlilleriereuer  ueberrasclit. 

Ira  L'ebrigen  (anden  heiile  aul  detn  Iranzoe- 
sischem  Kriegsschauplalz  keine  g^wszeren 
Kaempfe  slat 

In  Relgien  und  in  Osten  ii\.  die  Lage  unveraen- 
dert 


London,  J4.  September.  Das  Pressbureau 
d^emenliert  oflHziell  die  Nachricht  von  der  Lan- 
dung  nissischer  Truppen  in  Frankreich. 


Slockholm,  52. September.  (Amliiehe  Meldung.) 
En  Londoner  Telegmmm  ah  Stockholms  Dagblad 
leilt  mit,  dasz  die  franzoeslschen  Antelfieversuche 
fti  Anierika  endgillig  gescheiiert  sind,  da  die 
•merikanische  Regierung  ihre  Zustimmung  ver- 
veigerte.  Frankreich  soil  jeUt  Ersatz  in  London 
auchen. 


Berlin,  it.  September.  (Amilioh.)  In  der  Nacht 
TOra  49.  zum  iO.  September  isl  Major  Charles 
'Alice  Yale,  vom  Yorkshirs  Light  Inlanlery  Regi- 
ment aus  der  Kriegsgeiangenschaft  in  Torgau 
entwichea.  Yate  ist  der  englischer  StabsofTizier 
▼on  dem  juengst  berichtel  wurde,  er  habe  aul 
Belragen  nicht  bestritlen,  dass  den  engtischen 
Truppen  Oum-dum  Geschosse  aasgehaendigt 
worden  selen.  Im  Verlaul  jenes  Verhoers  er- 
klaerte  er,  man  mueszle  doch  mil  der  .Munition 
schieszen,  die  die  Regierung  geiielert  habe.  Der 
Entflohene  ist  etwa  l°,73  grosz.  schlank.  blond 
und  sprichl  tertig  deulsch 

Wschi  iJ.  S<eptember.  Das  serbische  Press- 
bureau  meldet :  Ais  Prinz  Georg  von  Serbien  an 
der  Spilze  seines  Bataillons  zum  Slurme  voi-jrin;", 
» urde  er  in  der  Naehe  der  \Virl)elsaeulo  von 
eineni  Geschoss  getroflen,  das  aus  dem  rcchlen 
Lungenfluegel  herausdrang.  Die  Verlelzim^;  ist 
angetaehrlich 


M  DuDtete  IWiayerDieiil 


Nouvelles    publi6es  par  le 
Gouvernement  allemand. 


Berlin;  S9  scptcmbre.  Ijn  communique  olB- 
ciel  d'hicr  soir  annonce  :  An  cours  dcs  com- 
bats aulourde  Reims,  Ics  hauteurs  de  Crao- 
ncllc,  semblables  a  dcs  fortcresscs,  out  etc 
prises  ct  dans  la  marclic  vers  la  vill#'cn  feu 
de  Reims,  I'endroil  de  Itrllicu]  u  Oie  pris.  Au 
<;ours  (Ic  raila(|ue  coiiire  les  lorts  d'arrSt  au 
Sud  de  Verdun,  nos  troupes  viciorieuscs  de 
I'Esl  out  passe  la  cote  lorraine  dcfendue  par 
le  liuilieme  corps  d'armee  IranQais. 

Une  sortie  cntreprise  par  le  Iront  iNord-Est 
de  Verdun  a  cte  repoussee.  Au  INord  dcToiil, 
des  troupes  IrauQaises  ont  ele  surprises-  au 
bivouac  par  notre  artillerie. 

Pour  le  resie,  aucun  combat  important  n'a 
eu  lieu  aujourd'hui  sur  le'thc^tre  de  la  guerre 
de  France. 

En  Belgique  et  i  I'Esl  (Russie)  la  situation 
ne  s'est  pas  modifiee. 

Londres,  ii  septembre.  Le  Bureau  de  la 
Presse  dement  officiellement  la  nouvelle  dun 
debarquemenl  de  troupes  russes  en  France. 


Stockholm,  H  septembre.  Ln  telegramme 
adresse  de  Londres  au  Stockholms  Dagblad 
annonce  que  la  tenlativ*  d'emettre  un  empruot 
Irancais  aux  Elats-Hnis  a  6choue,  le  gouverne- 
ment americaiii  en  ayant  refuse  I'autorisation. 
La  France  doit  mainienant  essayer  de  placer 
son  enfprunl  a  Londres. 


Berlin,  ii  septembre.  Pans  la  nuit  du  19 
au  20  septembre,  le  major  Charles-Alice  Yate, 
du  regiment  de  la  Yorkshire  Light  Infantry, 
s'est  ^vade  de  Torgau  oil  il  elail  prisonnier  dc 
guerre.  Yate  est  cet  oflScier  superieur  anglais 
au  sujet  de  qui  il  fut  I'autre  jour  annonce  qui! 
ne  contesta  pas,  sur  une  demande,  que  les 
troupes  angiaises  ont  ete  munies  de  balles 
dnin-duni  ;  au  cours  de  cet  interrogaloire,  il 
declara  que  le  soldat  doit  evidemmept  se  ser- 
vir  des  munitions  qui  lui  sont  lournies  par  le 
Gouvernement.  Le  fugitif  a  environ   I", 73  de 

frandeur ;  il  est  elance,  blond  et  parle   bien 
allemant! 

Dc  Nisrh,  I'agence  de  la  presse  mande  le 
22  septembre  .  I.orsque  le  prince  George  con- 
duisil  ses  troupes  a  I'assaul,  il  tut  frappe  a  la 
colonne  vertebrate  par  un  projectile  qui  res- 
soi  tit  du  c6tc  du  poumon  droit.  La  blessure 
nest  pas dangereuse 


IfiteriitilifclMl. 


Hededeelingen  van  het 
duitsche   Gouvernement. 


Berlijn,  22  September.  {Ambtelijke  melding 
gisleren.)  Itij  de  gevechlen  rond  Reims,  zijn  de 
gcvcsligde  verhevenlieden  van  Grannelle  vero- 
verd,  en  het  dorp  Belheny  in  ile  vooruilgaande 
beweging  tegcn  de  brandende  slad  Reims  ioge- 
nomen  gewordcn.  DezegevierendeOostervleugel 
heelt,  de  in  liel  Zuidcn  van  Verdun  lij^ende  ver- 
sperringslorlen  aanVallend,  de  cote  Lori-aine 
overlreden,  die  door  het  fransche  achlsle  leger- 
koii)s  verdedigd  was. 

Een  uilval  nil  de  .\'oord-Oostliin  van  Verdun  is 
teruggeworpen  geworden.  In  het  >'oorden  van 
Toul  zijn  de  frnnsche  Iroepen  in  hun  legerplaals 
door  artillerievuur  verrast  geworden 

Buiten  dit  hebben  heden  op  het  fransche  oor- 
logstooneel  geen  groole  gevechlen  plaats  ge- 
vonden. 

In  Belgie  en  in  het  Oosten  is  de  siluatie  onver- 
anderd. 


Londen,  22  September. —  Het  engelsche  Pers- 
bureau  logenslralt  het  bericht  over  de  lauding 
van  russische  Iroepen  in  Frankrijk. 

Stockholm,  22  September.  (Ambtelijke  mel- 
ding.) Een  telegram  uit  Londen  aan  be(  Stock- 
holm* Dagblad  deeldt  mede  dat  de  pogiogen  voor 
eene  Iransche  leening  in  Amerika  afdoend  mis- 
lukt  zijn,  omdal  de  amerikaansche  regeering 
haar  toestemming  gewijgerd  heelt.  Frankrijk  zou 
nu  in  Engeland  schadeloosstelling  zoeken 

Berlijn,  22  September.  (Amblelijk.)  Jn  den 
nacht  van  19  tot  20  September  Is  de  engelsche 
majoor  Charles-Alice  Yate,  van  het  Yorkshire 
Light  inlantry  regiment  uit  het  krijgsgevangen- 
schap  in  Torgau  onlsnapl.  Yate  is  de  officier  van 
den  engelschen  slal  van  wien  laatstleden  bericht 
wierdl  ontvangen  dat  hij  op  eene  vraag  niel  had 
bestreden,  dat  aan  de  engelsche  Iroepen  Dum 
Oumkogelszijn  uilgelcverd  geworden.  In  den  loop 
van  dit  verlioor  verklaarde  hij  dat  men  loch  met 
de  am;initie  nioest  schieten  die  door  de  regeering 
geleverd  wordt.  De  ontsnaple  was  omtrenl 
I '73  g^ool,  slank,  blond  en  spreekt  goed  duitsch. 

Nisch.  22  Sepicnibor.  Het  servische  Persburcel 
vermeldl :  A  Is  Prinz  Georg  van  Servic  aan  het 
hoofd  van  zijn  bataijon  sturmloopend  vo<iruil- 
ging,  is  hij  door  een  kogel  oabij  de  wervelkolora 
getroflen  die  door  de  rechierlong  weder  uitging. 
.Dekwelsing  is  ongevaarlijk 


EelDDitteiililinBiil 


90 


THE    AIM    OF    THE    "  NEWS    PUBLISHED    BY    THE    GERMAN 
GOVERNMENT." 

"The  object  in  view  was  to  impress  the  Belgians,  to  make  them  lose  con- 
fidence in  the  justice  of  their  cause,  in  their  Government,  in  their  Allies  ;  it  was 
also  an  attempt  to  persuade  them  that  the  German  Powers  were  invincible, 
to  lead  them  to  be  resigned  to  their  fate  and  lose  hope  of  revenge  and 
reparation.  To  gain  this  end,  nothing  was  neglected.  As  soon  as  the  civil 
administration  was  established  at  Brussels  under  Marshal  von  der  Goltz,  a 
swarm  of  German  agents  descended  on  the  town  ;  many  among  them  had  lived 
there  before  the  war,  and  had  left  it  willy-nilly  at  the  time  of  the  mobilisation. 
They  now  appeared  again,  some  in  uniform,  and  with  perfect  unconcern  they 
proceeded  to  call  on  the  families  whom  they  used  to  visit.  .  .  .  On  the  other 
hand,  as  the  Brussels  papers  had  ceased  to  appear,  and,  in  spite  of  the  formal 
invitation  of  the  Governor,  had  refused  to  appear,  there  were  started  a  number 
of  little  anti-Belgian  papers  which  submitted  to  German  censorship  and  in 
which,  beside  the  German  official  communiques,  were  found  certain  inspired 
articles,  certain  prejudiced  pieces  of  information,  which  manifestly  were 
intended  to  make  the  Belgians  believe  that  they  had  sacrificed  themselves  use- 
lessly for  France  and  England,  and  to  lead  them  to  accept  the  situation  as 
irrevocable.  .  .  .  But,  besides  these  stealthy  measures,  the  Government 
attempted  to  make  a  more  direct  impression  on  pubHc  opinion.  They  knew 
well  that  in  a  town  deprived  of  news,  people  would  feel  obliged  to  read  the 
posters.  That  is  why  they  took  steps  to  cover  the  walls  of  Brussels  with  a 
regular  war  newspaper." 

(L.  Dumont-Wilden,  in  the  preface  of  "  Comment  les  Allemands  font  V opinion." 

Paris.  1915.) 


TRANSLATION. 

News  published  by  the  German  Government. 

"Berlin,  September  22.  (Official  communique  of  yesterday  evening.) — 
In  the  course  of  some  fighting  around  Rheims,  the  heights  of  Graonelle,  which 
were  like  fortresses,  were  taken,  ^nd  on  their  march  towards  the  burning  town 
of  Rheims  our  troops  also  took  the  village  of  Betheny.  In  the  course  of  an 
attack  against  the  outer  forts  to  the  South  of  Verdun,  our  victorious  East 
wing  passed  the  "Cote  Lorraine,"  which  was  defended  by  the  French  8th 
Army  Corps. 

"A  sortie  made  on  the  north-east  of  Verdun  was  repulsed.  North  of 
Toul,  the  French  troops  were  surprised  in  a  rest  camp  by  our  artillery. 

"Otherwise  no  important  fighting  has  occurred  in  the  theatre  of  war 
in  France. 

"The  situation  has  not  changed  in  Belgium  or  in  the  East  (Russia)." 

"London,  Septeniher  22nd. — The  Press  Bureau  officially  denies  the  rumour 
that   Russian  troops  were  disembarked  in  France." 

"Stockholm,  September  22nd. — A  telegram  from  London  to  the  Stockholtn 
Dagblad  states  that  an  attempt  to  place  a  French  loan  in  the  United  States 
has  failed,  the  American  Government  having  refused  their  sanction,  Frarce 
will,  therefore,  be  obliged  to  try  to  place  a  loan  in  London." 

"Berlin,  September  22nd. — On  the  night  of  September  19-20,  Major 
Charles-Alice  Yate,  Yorkshire  Light  Infantry,  escaped  from  Torgau,  where  he 
was  a  prisoner  of  war.  Yate  is  that  superior  officer  of  whom  it  was  stated,  the 
other  day,  that  when  interrogated,  he  did  not  deny  that  the  English  troops 
were  provided  with  dum-dum  bullets.  In  the  course  of  this  examination,  he 
declared  that  the  soldier  must  evidently  use  the  munitions  served  out  to  him 
b5'^  the  Government.  The  fugitive  is  about  1.75m.  tall;  he  is  slight,  fair, 
and  speaks  German  well." 

" Nish,  September  22nd. — The  Serbian  Press  Bureau  states:  'As  Prince 
George  was  leading  troops  to  the  attack,  he  was  struck  near  the  vertebral 
column  by  a  projectile  which  came  out  on  the  side  of  the  right  lung.  The 
wound  IS  not  dangerous.'  '* 

"The  German  Military  Government." 

91 


WAR    NEWS    PLACARDED    BY    THE    GERMAN    GOVERNMENT    IN 
BRUSSELS.— SEPTEMBER   29TH,    191 4 


Verdffentlichungen  des 
deutschen    Gouvernements. 


Nouvelles    publi6es  par  le 
Gouvernement  allemand. 


London,  t9.  Sep(m)bci'  Das  RciihtscIm'  Bii- 
retu  mcldet  aiis  Prscloriii  voniSi  Sc|tlembcr  : 
D«e  Polizoisialion  Rietlontcin  >»urde  nm  t9  Sep- 
tember von  eincr  deulschcn  Abtcilung.  etwa 
too  Mann  surk,  genommen.  (Es  tiandell  sich  uin 
at  zimilidi  bedciilciide  eiigliMrlio  SUiti<iii  Hid- 
lOBtein.  die  6stlicii  von  Ketunan$iK>o|i  UcgU) 


Beriia.  M.  September  Aus  Saloniki  «ird 
gemddet :  Nach  Nachrichlen  aus  MonasUr  brach 
tf  tferCegeod  von  Dibra  ein  albanisclier  AulsUnd 
Ml.  wobei  die  Serben  verlrieben  wurden 


Wien.  «9.  September.  Die  Rtiehtpott  meldet 
■us  Soto  :  Dcr  BerichlerslaUer  der  Volja  des 
Ofganes'von  Ghenadjews  ineidel  aus  Nisch  :  Die 
fcterreichische  Oflensive  hal  schwere  Folgeo  lur 
Serbien ;  es  gihrt  im  Volk  und  in  der  Armee  und 
leder  Tag  kaon  den  allgemeinen  Aulsland  brin- 
feo  Dieser  Tafce  meulerten  wieder  mebrere 
Irtillerieregjroenler.  Dne  Aniahl  CescbflUe 
•vwden  demoliert  TagUchslerbeo  SCO- 500  Per- 
■ooeo.  deon  die  allgemeine  Hygiene  wird  er- 
UrmHcti  vemacblasigt  unddieSoidalen  weigern 
iicfa,Posten  bei  den  Cholerabaracken  zu  be- 
vebCn.  Die  Mililiriiga  soil  angesicbu  dieser  Ver- 
killnisse  wichUge  Beschlusse  gefasst  habeo, 
tfanmter  einen  wegen  eines  an  Paschilsch,  den 
Mnisterprasidenlen,  zu  sleliendea  Ultimatums, 
is  dem  er  aulgelordert  Vird,  hundert  Aerzte, 
4ni  Bakleriologen  uod  eioe  geoi]«ende  Menge 
won  Praparaten  aut  kuraeslem  Wege  nach  Ser- 
lien  bringen  zu  lassen.  KOnig  Peter  ist  zuriick- 
Kekebrt.  er  ist  stumpi  und  leilnabmslos  upd  der 
Kronprinz  Alexander  weiss  keinea  flat. 
PHcUlachs  Stem  ist  im  VerWassen  und  man 
feeMrcfatet.  dass  es  in  seinen  Kreisen  bald  Opfer 
lebeowird 


Paris,  57.  September  Elne  Taubt  flog  Vormil- 
tag  <  I  Ubr  unter  dem  Schutze  des  Kebels  uber 
Paris.  Sie  wari  in  der  L'mgebung  des  Eifleltuniis 
■ehrere  Bomben  ab.Eine  lie!  aul  die  Avenue  du 
Yhocadero,  tddlete  einen  Creis  und  verwundele 
«eioe  Tochter.  Nan  giaubt,  dass  die  Bomben  lur 
4te  Funkenstalion  des  Eiflelturms  bestlmmt 
vareo 


Oeitt  iiMfflErueMiil 


lA>iidrcs.  M  sc|ilcinbre.  L'Agence  Reuier 
uianilc  <lc  Pretoria,  ^  seplembrc  :  La  station 
lie  |>o1icc  «]c  Hielfontain  a  etc  prise,  le  19  sep- 
tcnibre,  pjir  un  dctachciiient  allemand.  Tort 
de  too  hommes  environ.  (II  sagit  de  la  station 
an^laise  asscz  importantc  de  Rieirontain.situ^e 
a  ITst  de  Ketlwanithoop). 


Berlin,  t9  aeplembre  On  mande  de  Salo- 
nique,  d'apr^  des  nouvelles  de  Monastir, 
qu'une  revolte  albanaiae  a  eclale  dans  la  region 
de  i»ibra,  au  cours  de  laquelle  Us  Serbes  onl 


Vieone,  »9  aeptembre  La  Retehtpo*l 
anuooce  de  SoOa  :  Le  correspondent  de  la 
Volja,  orgaoe  de  Gheoadjew,  6crii  de  Niscli : 
LofTensive  autrichienne  a  des  suites  graves 
pour  la  Serbie;  la  r6volte  gronde  dans  le 
pays  et  dans  Tarmee,  et  chaque  jour  peut  faire 
eclater  la  revolution.  Ces  jours-ci,  plusieurs 
regiments  d'artillerie  ^  sont  encore  ri\oUes. 
Ln  ceruio  nombre  de  canons  ont  eli  demolis. 
Journellemeni,  1  *  500  pcrsonnes  meurenl, 
car  I'hygiene  publique  est  lamentablemeot 
negligee,  et  les  soldali  refusent  de  mooter  la 
garde  k  proximitedes  baraques  ou  se  trouveni 
les  malades  atteinu  du  cholera.  La  Li^ue 
miliuire  aurail  pris,  en  presence  de  pareille 
situation,  des  decisions  imporlantes,  entre 
autrestMieau  sujeld'un  uhimatuma  adresserau 
ministre-president  Paachitsch,  pour  le  sominer 
de  faire  amcner  en  Serbie,  pfer  la  voie  la  plus 
courle,  cent  medecins,  irois  bactcriologues 
et  des  quantites  sufflsantes  de  medicainenls. 
Le  roi  Pierre  est  renlre;  il  est  compleiemeni 
apathique  et  le  prince  heritier  Alexandre  ne 
salt  que  laire.  L'etoile  de  Paschitsch  p&lit  et 
loncraint  qu'il  n°y  ail  bient6t  de^victimes 
dans  son  entourage 


Mededeelingen  van  het 
duitsche    Gouvernement. 


Londen,  99  September.  Het  Reuterbureau 
\eniieldt  ult  Pretoria  van  44  September:  De 
politieplnats  Rietronlcin  is  den  19*  September 
ingenoinen  gewoiden  door  eene  duitsche  aldee- 
lingomtrenl  900  man  sterk.(Dlt  is  de  beduldende 
engelsche  plaals  Kietlunt^ln.  in  het  Oosten  van 
Keltmunshoop.! 


Derlijn.  99  September  Uil  Salonika  word! 
vermeldt :  Volgens  tijdingen  uit  Monastir  is  in  dt 
omstreken  van  Dibra  een  albaneesische  opsUncI 
uilgebroken,  waarbij  de  Serviers  verdreven  zijn 
geworden. 


Weeoen,  99  September.  De  Rtieh*po*t  ver- 
meldt uit  Sofia :  De  correspondent  van  het  dag- 
blad  Volja,  het  blad  van  Ghenadjew,  v^meldt 
uit  Mscli :  De  oo.stenrijksche  oflensSel-beweginf 
been  zware  gevolgen  voor  Servie ;  het  volk  ea 
htt  leger  zijn  onlevreden  en  iederen  dag  kan  ^ 
algeroeeneopstand  uitbrekeo.Laaistledeo  bebben 
opnieuw  eenige  arilllerieregiment^n  gemuiterd. 
Een  aanlal  AapoooeQ  zilo  vef^ueld  geweadei^ 
Dagelijks  slcrVen  tOO  lot  500  meqscben  omdf 
de  openbarc  hygiene  geheel  wordl  verwaarf 
looid,  en  de  soldalen  weigereoaan  de  cholera- 
legerkampen  schlldwacbl  le  staan.  De  miUlaire 
liga  zou  ten  aanzien  van  deie  sitnatie  belangriike 
besluiten  gevat  hebben,  waarondcr  eeo  beshiit 
omtrent  een  aan  Paschitsch,  deo  presideot  van 
den  ministerraad  te  overhandigen  ultiiaatum. 
waarin  hij  gesomroeerd  wonH  hooderd  genees- 
heeren,  drie  bacterienkundigea  envoldoende 
hoeveelheden  geneesmiddeleD,oj>den  korlsl  mo- 
lljken  *eg.  naar  Servi«  te  laten  brengen. 
ironing  Peter  is  teruggekeerd,  hi|  b  ttompzinnif 
en  ongevoelig.en  de  Kroonprins  Alexander  weel 
geenen  raad.  Paschitsch's  popularitell  b  aan  b«t 
verdwijnen  en  men  vrdesl  dat  er  in  deze  kringe« 
binnen  kort  slachloflers  zullen  zi|n. 


Paris.  97  seplembrc.  tn  avion  Taubt  a  passe 
ce  matin,  ii  tl  lieures,  au-dcssus  de  Pans  II 
ajetedans  le  brouillard.  au\  environs  de  la 
Tour  Eiffel,  plusieurs  bombes  sur  Paris. 
Lune  est  tombce  dans  lavcnue  du  Trocadcro; 
elle  a  tuc  un  vieillard  et  blessc  sa  fille.  On 
croit  que  les  bombes  ctaient  destinees  au 
posle  de  telegraphic  sans  fil  de  la  Tour  Eiffel. 


le  CiiiTerDiiisiit  iilitair&  ilkii 


Parljs.  97  September.  Een  vilegtuig  Tmibe  )t 
hedenmorgend  om  W  uren,  onder  beschermhig 
van  den  mist,over  Parijs  gevlogeo.  Hij  wierp  ver- 
scheidene  bommen  in  de  oaUjheld  van  den  Glflel-' 
toren.  Eene  bom  viel  in  de  Trocaderolaaa. 
waar  een  oude  man  gedood  en  zijn  docbter. 
gekweist  werd.  Men  geloott  dat  de  bommen 
voor  het  radio-lelegraphisch  sUtion  op  den 
Eiflelloren  bestemd  waren. 


iDiittlliiiitliimi 


92 


HOW   THE    GERMANS    TOLD    THE    PEOPLE    OF    BRUSSELS   WHAT 
HAD]  OCCURRED   AT   THE    BATTLE    OF  THE   MARNE. 

Extracts  from  the  **  News  published  by  the  German 
Government."  * 

"Berlin,  September  10th. — Our  army  corps,  which  in  the  course  of  the 
pursuit  advanced  to  and  beyond  the  Mame,  were  attacked  between  Meaux 
and  Montmirail  by  superior  forces  coming  from  Paris.  In  the  course  of  heavy 
fighting,  which  lasted  two  days,  they  held  up  the  enemy,  and  themselves  made 
some  progress.  When  the  advance  of  strong  enemy  forces  was  announced, 
our  flank  retired.  The  enemy  did  not  follow  it  up  at  any  point.  L"'p  to  the 
present,  we  have  taken  50  guns  and  several  thousand  prisoners." 

"Berlin,  September  14th.  (Official.) — In  the  Western  theatre  of  war 
(France)  there  have  been  operations  of  which  the  details  cannot  be  published 
yet,  and  which  led  to  a  battle  in  our  favour.  All  news  spread  by  the  enemy 
representing    the  situation  as  unfavourable  for  us  are  false." 

"Berlin,  September  17th. — The  Lokalanzeiger,  of  Berlin,  writes,  with  the 
approval  of  the  military  authorities  :  'The  battle  on  the  Mame  is  not  yetfat  an 
end,  but  it  has  evidently  taken  a  favourable  turn  for  us.  The  right  wing  has 
not  given  way  before  a  new  attack  ;  button  the  'contrary  has  repulsed  an 
attempt  by  the  French  to  break  through  our  lines.'  " 


TRANSLATION. 

News  published  by  the  German  Government. 

"London,  September  29th. — Renter's  agency  learns  from  Pretoria, 
September  24th  :  'The  Police  Station  of  Rietfontein'^was  taken  on  September 
19th  by  a  German  detachment  about  200  strong.' "  (Rietfontein  is  an 
important  English  station  situated  east  of  Kettmanshoop.) 

"  Berlin,  September  29th. — News  comes  from  Salonica  that,  according 
to' information  received  from  Monastir,  an  Albanian  revolt  has  broken  out 
in  the  region  of   Dibra,  during  which  the  Serbians  were  driven  out." 

"Vienna,  September  29th. — The  Reichspost  announces  from  Sofia:  'The 
correspondent  of  the  Volja,  organ  of  Ghenadjew,  writes  from  Nish  :  "The 
Austrian  offensive  has  had'  serious  consequences  for  Serbia  f  discontent  is  rife 
in  the  country  and  in  the  army,  and  a  revolution  may  break  out  at  any  moment. 
The  last  few  days  several  army  corps  have  mutinied.  A  certain' number' of 
guns  were  destroyed.  Daily  about  200  to  300  persons  die,  as  public'fhygiene 
is  lamentably  neglected  and  the  soldiers  refuse  to^mount  guard  in''the''neigh-' 
bourhood  of  the  barracks  where  cholera  patients  are  lodged.  The  Military 
League  has  taken  important  decisions  in  view  of  the  seriousness'of  the  situation.  • 
and  amongst  other  things  has  addressed  an  ultimatum  to  the  minister-president, 
Paschitsch,  insisting  that  he  send  to  Serbia  by  the  sliortest  route  100  doctors, 
3  bacteriologists  and  sufficient  supplier  of  medicines.  King  Peter  has  returned  ; 
he  is  completely  apathetic,  and  the  Crown  Prince  Alexander  does  not  knoiv 
'what  to  do.  Paschitsch's  star  is  waning,  and  it  is  feared  that  there  will  soon 
be  victims  in  his  circle."  * " 

"Paris,  September  27th. — A  Taube  aeroplane  passed  over  l>aris  at  11  this 
morning.  It  threw  several  bombs  in  the  fog,  near  the  Kiffel  Tower.  One' fell 
in  the  Avenue  du  Trocadero,  and  killed  an  old  man  and  wounaeo  his  daughter. 
It  is  supposed  that  the  bombs  were  aimed  at  the  Eiffel  Tower,  where  there  is 
a  wireless  installation." 

'The  German  Military  Government." 

Q3 


WAR    NEWS    PLACARDED    BY    THE    GERMAN     GOVERNMENT    IN 
BRUSSELS.— OCTOBER   6th,    1914. 


YerOffentlichungeii  des 
deutschen    Gouvernements. 


Nouvelles    publi6es  par  le 
Gouvernement  allemand. 


Mededeelingen  van  het 
duitsche   Gouvernement. 


B«iim,6.  Oklober.  DerSonderberichterslatler 
4er  BtrhHT  Zmtung  am  MitUg  meldel,  dass 
Mm  ent«n  Sturm  auf  die  iDlanle riewerke  in 
T<iingUo  die  vereinigleD  Japaner  und  Coglander 
mil  Aiseaa  VeriuM  von  S.SOO  Mann  xunickge- 
«-hlageo  wurden.  Die  Wirkung  der  deuUchen 
linen.  Gesdiiilze  und  Maschinengewehre  war 
vernichteod.  Der  rechte  Flugel  der  Verbundelen 
wurde  von  deraoslerreichiscli-ungarischen  Kri'u- 
«er  fiaiterin  Elitabelk  und  dem  deuLs<hen 
lanofieobol  Jaguar  »1rksam  besrhossen  Die 
4eut5chen  Veriuste  sollengeringsein.  Die  Japaner 
varteo  Versiarkuogen  aus  Japan  ab. 


Vfien,  6.  Oklober.  Amlljcii  wird  von  geslern 
genoeidet  Die  Operatiooen  in  Russisch-Pulen  und 
Galizien  schreilen  gunslig  vorwarts.  Schuller  an 
Schulter  kimplend  warlen  die  deulschen-  und 
feterreWiisrh-ungariscben  Truppen  den  Feind 
TOO  O^tow  und  Klimootow,  gegen  die  Wcichsel 
zuruck  In  den  Karpaten  wurden  die  Russen  am 
CzsokarpMS  volbUndig  geschlagen. 


Uadoo, «.  Oktotter  Der  Daily  Lkroniele  be- 
ricbtet,  dass  in  Aldershot  rund  <  36,000  Mann 
aller  WanengaKungen  ausgebitdet  wurden.  die. 
sobaid  lertig,  an  die  Front  abg^hen  sollen  Die 
Ausbiidung  mache  trolz  glanzender  Anstrengun- 
gen  olchl  den  gebOhrenden  Fortschrill.  da  die 
Truppen  -ungenugend  ausgenislel  seTen  Die 
Zetlung  erbiltel  deshalb  die  L'nterstulzung  des 
Publikums  und  bemerku  dass  beispielsweise  kein' 
cinzigerOffizier  der  ersten  Armee  Lord  Kitcheners 
eicen  Feldstecher  besiize,  Cebrauchi  wfirden 
HeiiK:3n.Slrump(e.Taschentucber.S(-tHjhrienien, 
Schrelbmalerial.  Trommeln  und  Pleilen  tur  die 
schot;i9chen  Reginienler 


Brussel.  7  Oklober  Dem  Fuhrer  einer  Rad- 
fchrer-Truppe  wurde  bei  Hennujeres  eine 
Instruktion  fur  die  Fuhrer  der  sogenannten  Zer- 
glonings-Detachements  abgenommen,  in  der  es 
o.  a  htfcsl  •  Falsche.  Nachrichten  verbreilen. 
AusKhiflung  der  Englander  fa  Antwerpen  und 
t^  ftussen  id  Calais  • 


Diis  Oemscle  HIMisreneit 


Rerlln,  6  octobre  Le  correspondani  special 
de  Xi^trliiifr  Ztituny,  de  midi,  aiioonce  i|ue 
lurs  du  premier  assaul  conire  Ics  |>ositiuii>  de 
rinranlerie,  a  Tsinglau.  les  Japonais  et  Auglais 
r^unis  fureiil  repousses  avec  uoe  perte  de 
lt.500  boninies.  LeITel  <!<s  mines,  canons  ei 
jnilrailleuses,  lut  elTrayanl.  Lailc  druite  des 
allies  Tui  atlaquee  a^oc  sucees  par  rartillerie 
(lu  croiseur  austro-Longruis  HaineriH  Elimbelh 
el  de  la  canuriniere  alleniande  Jayuar.  Les 
pertes  allcniaiides  seraieni  de  pcu  d'iiupor- 
tanre  ics  J,ipun8is  attendenl  du  seceurs  du 
Japon 


Vienne,  6  octobre.  De  source  olficielle,  on 
annonce  a  ia  date  d'hier.  I.«s  operations  en 
Pologne  russe  et  en  Galicie  avancent  avoc 
SUCCC8.  CAte  a  c6ie.  lea  troupes  allemaniiea  el 
ausiro-hongroises  combaiteni  el  ont  rejeic 
"ennemi  d'0|>aiow  et  de  kiimoiitow,  vers  la 
Vistule.  Dans  les  Carpathes,  ies  Busses  ont  cle 
completement  baltus  au   passage  d'l'szokar 


Londres,  6  <K:iobre.  Le  Daily  Lhroniele 
annonce  qua  Aldershot.  en  cliiiTres  ronds. 
ISS.OOO  miliciens  apparienanl  a  toules  les 
armes.  seraieni  piepiires  pour  pariir  a  I'armee 
les  quils  seraieni  prels.  Cependanl.  la  pqe- 
paraiioiA  en  depil  des  plus  brillaiitselTorts,  ne 
donnerait  pas  ilc  resullal  satislaisanl,  les 
troupes  elanl  insufiisainmenl  cquipees.  Le 
lournal  (ail,  par  cuasetjueni.  appel  aa  con- 
cours  du  public  el  Tail  reinarquer  que,  par 
excmple,  aucuii  offi(uer  do  la  premiere  armee 
de.Lord  Kiuliener  ne  possede  des  jumelles  de 
campagiie  II  nian(|ue,  ei  outre,  des  chemises, 
des  chaussetles,  des  miuchoirs,  des  lacels  de. 
soulicrs,  du  papier  ci  de  quoi  ecnre,  des 
tambours  el  lifres  pour  les  regiments  ecossais. 


Rruxelles.  7  octobre  Au  chel  d'.une  troupe 
de  cyciisies  beiges  a  eie  enleve.  pr'es  de  llen- 
nuyercs,  une  insinnlioii  ecrile,  deslinee  aux 
chefs  des  deiachemeiiisdiis  «  de  deslruclion  » 
ou  il  esl  dil  eiiire  milre s  clioses  «•  Kcpandre 
de  fausses  nouvelles  dcbarquemenl  des 
A«(;lais  a  Viivers,  des  Russes  a  Calais  i 


kllNftneiiiiitalnl. 


Berlijn,  6  October.  De  bijzondere  ../rrespon> 
dent  van  de  Berlitter  Zeitung  an)  Millag  ver- 
meldt,  dat  l>ij  den  eerstf  n  storm  op  de  infanle- 
rieposities  le  Tsingtau  tfe  vereenigde  Japanners 
en  Engelscheo  met  een  verlies  van  9,500  man 
leruggeslagen  N«erden.  De  uitwerking  der  duit- 
sche mijnen.  geschutten  en  machinegeweren 
was  verniclend.  De  recbtervleugel  der  bondge- 
noolenwerd  door  den  ooslenrijkscb-hongaarschen 
kruiser  Kai»erin  Elitabelk  en  den  duilsclien 
kanonnenboot  Jaguar,  mel  goed  gevolg  be* 
selK>len.  De  duitsclie  veriiezen  zoudeo  gering 
zjjn.  De  iafwnners  verwadileD  versterlungen  uit 


Weeoen,  6  October.  Ambtelijk  wordl  gisterm 
vemieldt  De  operaties  in  russiscta  Polen  en 
Gali«i«  vorderen  met  goeden  uilslag.  Scbouder 
aan  scbouder  kampend,  wJerpen  de  duitsche  en 
oosU;nrijk.sch-hongaursche  Iroepen  den  vijand 
van  Opalow  en  K.limonlow  tegen  -de  Weichsel 
lerug.  In  de  Carpatben  werden  de  Russen  aan 
Uzsokarpas  geheel  leruggeslagen 


Londen,  6  October.  De  Daily  Chronicle  ver- 
meldt,  dat  le  .Aldershot  rond  436,000  man  van 
alle  soorlen  van  wapens  gevormd  worden,  diei 
zoodra  gedaan,  op  het  front  zullen  atgaan.  De 
vorming  zou  trots  schillerende  inspanningen  niel 
den  behoorlijken  vooruilgang  nemen.  daar  de 
troepen  niel  de  noodige  uilrusting  hebben  Het 
dagblad  verzoekl  daarom  de'ondersteuning  van 
het  publiek  en  zegl  onder  andere,  dat  geen  enkel 
odicier  van  he!  eersle  leger  van  l^rd  Kitchener 
eenen  veldkijkerbezit.Er  is  belioelleaan  heniden. 
kousen.  zakdoeken.  schoenriemen,  schrijlmale- 
riaal,  Ironimels  en  pijpen  voor  de  sciiolsche 
regimenlen 


Brussel,  7  October  De  aanvoerder  van 
eenen  troep  wiclrijders,  weril  bij  Hennuyeres 
eene  instruciie  voor  de  chefs  der  zooge- 
naamdeverw.^estingsdeiachemenienonlaomen, 
waarin  onder  andere  gezegd  wordl:  (Vtiscbe 
iiicliliii)(eii  verbreideu.  Onlscheping  der 
I'^iigelsclieii.ie  Anhverpeii  en  der  Russen.  16 
Calais  » 


RclDsittliltotaunl 


94 


THE    GERMANS   "  EXPLAIN  "   THE    BOMBARDMENT    OF 
RHEIMS    CATHEDRAL. 

Extracts  from  the  **  News  published  by  the  German 
Government/' 

"Berlin,  September  23rd.  (Official  communique  of  yesterday  evening.) — 
The  French  Government  stated  that  the  bombardment  of  Rheims  Cathedral 
was  not  a  military  necessity.  In  reply,  we  may  say  that,  after  the  French 
had  made  Rheims,  by  means  of  strong  ramparts,  their  principal  centre  of  resist- 
ance, they  forced  us  to  attack  the  town  by  every  necessary  means.  By  special 
orders  of  the  German  Higher  Command,  the  cathedral  was  to  be  spared  as 
long  as  the  enemy  did  not  make  use  of  it  for  his  own  ends.  From  September 
2oth,  the  white  flag  which  floated  on  the  cathedral  was  respected  by  us.  In 
spite  of  these  facts,  we  were  able  to  ascertain  that  an  observation  post  was 
established  on  the  towers,  which  explained  the  excellent  effect  of  the  enemy's 
shooting  on  our  infantry.  From  that  time  it  became  necessary  to  destroy 
this  post,  and  this  was  done  by  the  fire  of  our  field  artillery. 

"Our  heavy  artillery  was  still  not  permitted  to  take  part  in  this  action. 
Since  the  post  has  been  abolished  we  have  been  able  to  observe  that  the  towers 
and  the  exterior  fa9ades  of  the  cathedral  are  not  destroyed  (sic)  and  that  only 
the  roof  was  destroyed  by  flames.  Our  troops  therefore  did  not  press  their 
attack  more  than  necessary  (sic). 

"The  responsibility  therefore  rests  with  the  enemy,  who  tried  to  make  use 
of  the  venerable  edifice  while  putting  it  under  the  protection  of  the  white  flag." 


TRANSLATION. 

News  published  by  the  German    Government. 

"Berlin,  October  6th. — The  special  correspondent  of  the  Berliner  Zeitiing 
(noon  edition)  reports  that  during  the  attack  against  the  infantr>^  positions  at 
Tsingtau  the  Japanese  and  English  were  repulsed  with  the  loss  of  2,500  men. 
The  effect  of  the  mines,  guns,  and  machine-guns  was  terrible.  The  right  wing 
of  the  Allies  was  attacked  with  success  by  the  Austro-Hungarian  cruiser 
Kaiserin  Elisabeth  and  the  German  gunboat  Jaguar.  The  German  losses 
were  unimportant.     The  Japanese  are  awaiting  reinforcements  from  Japan." 

"  Vienna,  October  6th. — Yesterday's  official  communique  states  :  'The 
operations  in  Russian  Poland  and  in  Galicia  are  proceeding  successfully.  The 
German  and  Austro-Hungarian  troops  are  fighting  side  by  side,  and  have 
driven  the  enemy  from  Opatow  and  Klimontow  towards  the  Vistula.  In  the 
Carpathians  the  Russians  have  been  completely  defeated  in  the  Uzsokar  Pass.'  " 

"London,  October  6th. — The  Daily  Chronicle  reports  that  at  Aldershot 
135,000  soldiers,  in  round  figures,  belonging  to  different  branches  of  the  service, 
are  prepared  to  go  to  the  front  as  soon  as  they  are  ready.  The  preparations, 
however,  do  not  make  good  progress,  in  spite  of  the  most  brilliant  efforts,  and 
the  troops *are  not  sufficiently  equipped.  The  paper  makes  an  appeal  to  the 
public  and  states  that,  for  example,  none  of  the  officers  of  Lord  Kitchener's 
first  army  possess  field-glasses.  Shirts,  socks,  handkerchiefs,  and  bootlaces 
are  also  lacking,  as  w^ell  as  writing  materials,  and  drums  and  fifes  for  the  Scotch 
regiments." 

"Brussels,  October  7th. — Written  instructions  have  been  seized  from  the 
commander  of  a  troop  of  Belgian  cyclists,  intended  for  the  commanding  officers 
of  the  so-called  'destructive' detachments.  Amongst  other  instructions  were 
the  following  :  '  Spread  false  news — landing  of  the  English  at  Antwerp  and 
the  Russians  at  Calais.'  " 

95 


WAR    NEWS    PLACARDED     BY     THE    GERMAN     GOVERNMENT    IN 
BRUSSELS.— OCTOBER    i6th.    1914- 


VerOffentlichungen  des 
deutschen   Gouvernements. 


Beriin.  ««.  Oktobw.  (Amirk-hf  Meldung  von 
gesJern  Miuag.)  Bei  Airtwerpen  warden  im  gsn- 
len  4000  bis  5000  Gefangene  gemacht.  fis  isl 
anraDehmen.  dass  in  ofichsler  Zeil  nooh  eine 
fTOsse  ZaI  beJgischer  Soldaleo.  welche  Zivilklei- 
4ung  angezogen  liaben,  dingiest  gemaehl  wird. 
Rach  NiKeilung  des  Konsuls  von  Tereeuzen  sind 
e'.wa  «0000  belgische  Soldaleo  und  SOOO  engli- 
K-'i:  ic!  hoMindischcs  Gcbiet  ubergetretefi,  wo 
sie  enlwaftnel  wurdeo.  Hire  Flucht  muss  in 
grOssier  Hast  vor  sich  gegangen  sein;  hieriur  leu- 
gsn  die  Massen  weggeworfener  Kleidersacke, 
tesonderv  von  der  englischen  Royal  Naval  Divi- 
sion. Die  Kriegsbeule  von  Antwerpen  isl  gross; 
mindeslens  500  Geschutze,  eine  L'nmenge  Muni- 
lioo,  Massen  von  Satlein,  Woylaehs,  sehr  viel 
Sanitatsmaterial,  zahlreiche  Kraltwagen,  viele 
lokomoliven  und  Waggons,  vier  Millionen  Kilo- 
gram Gelreide,  viel  Mehl,  Kohlen,  Flachs.  Kir 
lOXillionen  Mark  Wolie.Kuprer.Silberim  Werte 
ton  etwa  einer  iialben  Million  Marl^  ein  Pamer- 
Eisenbahnzug,  mehrer«  gefOlUe  ^'frpfl^ungs- 
aige.  grosse  Viehbest&nde. 

Belgische  und  englische  Schifle  telanden  sich 
nichi  mehr  in  Antwerpen.  Die  beim  Krie^us- 
bnich  Im  Halen  von  Antwerpen  befindlichen 
^^  deuLsche  Dampfer  und  3  Segler  siml  mil  einer 
Ausnahme  vorhanden,  jedotti  wurden  die 
Haschtnen  unbrauchbar  gemachl.  Angebolirl  und 
Tersenkt  wurde  nur  der  Dampfer Cm«'*«iom  vom 
Norddeulschen  Lloyd.  Die  grosse  Hafenschleuse 
isl  iniakt,  ab^r  zunachst  durch  mit  Sleinen  be- 

fchwerte  vers«nkte  ICahne  nichl  benutibar  J>ie 

llatenanlagen  sind  unbeschadigt. 

Die  Stadt  Anlwerpen  hat  wenig  gelilten;  die 
BevOlkerung  verhalt  sich  ruhig  und  scheint  troh 
ju  sein,  dass  die  Tage  des  Schrekkens  zu  Ende 
sind,  besonders  da  der  Pobel  bereits  zu  plfindern 
liegonnen  halte.  Die  Resie  der  belgischen  Arnnee 
liaben  bei  Annaherung  unserer  Trupp.en  Gent 
si'hleunigsl  geraumi!  Die  belgische  Regierung 
icil  Ausnahme  des  kriegsipinisterssolt  sit-h  nach 
Le  Havre  begeben  haben 


Berlin.  46.  Qkl»ber.  (Amlliche  .Meldung.)  Die 
Angrifle  derFranzosen  in  derGegend  von  Albert 
wurden  unler  erheblichen  Verluslen  Ifir  sie 
abgewiescn.  Sonstsind  im'Weslen  keine  Veran- 
deningen. 

Im  Oslcn  isl  der  russtsche  inH  slarken  Krallen 
■ilernommene  Vorstoss  aiif  Oslpreussen  als 
gescheitert  anzaseben.  Der  Ahgrill  unserer  in 
Men  Schiiller  an  Schuller  mil  den  osler- 
rpiohischen  lleere  kamplenden  Tnippen  belindet 
sich  im  Fiirlsclireilen.  Lnsere  Tnippen  slehen 
vor  Warscliau.  Ein  mit  elwa  acht  .\rnieekorps 
•us  der  l.inie  Iwangorod-Warschnii  (dM'F  die 
Weii-bsel  iinlernummener  riissiscltor  Vorsioss 
wurde  aiif  <ler ganzen  IJnie unler s<-liw eien  Vei- 
Insten  ffir  die  Russen  /uruckgeworlen.  Die  in 
russt«lienZeitungen  verbreilelenticrrirlilerilier 
«lie  erbeiileten  deulsclirn  Geschi'il/.c  ei)ibchrt4i 
jedei- 


Nouvelles    puHi^es  par  le 
Gouvernement  allemand. 


R«rlin,  46  oclobre.  (Commmicalioo  offi- 
cielle  du  Quarlier  G^oeril).  A  Anvers,  entre  k 
el  5,000  prisonniers  onl  ete  ralts.II  «9l  *  pre- 
sumer  qu'endeans  peu  de  temps  ea^ora  un 
grand  nombre  de  soldau  beiges,  qni  waKnt 
des  v^iemenls  civils,  scfoct  capture.  IKaprte 
one  communication  du  consul  a  Teroeozen, 
environ  »0,000  soldals  beiges  et  4,000  aoglais 
ont  paese  eo  terriloire  hollandais  oti  ils  ont  6te 
desarmes.  Leor  fciile  doit  avoir  eii  lieu  eir 
pande  hite  ;  en  lemoignent  lesgrandesinaases 
jelees  de  sacs  a  v^iemenis,  nolamment  jmf  la 
division  navale  anglaise.  Le  butin  de  gnerrei 
Anvers  est  considerable:  au  moins  500  canons, 
une  quantite  immense  de  munitions,  de  selles, 
beaacoup  d'objels  pour  It  service  sanilaire,  de 
noinbreuses  automobiles,des  locomoiivesetdes 
wagons ,  4  millions  tlf  kilos  de  bi^  beau- 
coup  de  Tarines,  de  charbon  el  de  lin  ;  de  la 
laine  d'une  vsleur  de  10  millions  de  mark  ; 
ducuivre  et  de  rai^em-meial  pour  <|9  mil- 
lion de  mark,  uii  train  tlinde  de  chemin  de 
fer ;  plusieurs  trains  chirges  ie  provisions 
d'alimentalion  ;  de  grandes  quanlitcs  de  gros 
betail. 

II  n'y  avail  plus  de  navires  anglais  ni  beiges 
dans  le  port  d'.Vnvers.  Lts  34  vapebrs  alle- 
inands  et  3  voiliers  presents  a  Anvers  sm  debut 
de  la  guerre  y  sonl  toujours,a  lexceptiog  dun 
seul,  mais  leurs  machines  ont  ete  misesfaors 
d'usage,  on  les  a  pertorees.  Seul  le  Gneitehau, 
du  l>k>rddeutscher  Lloyd,    a   cie  coulc.   La 

grando  cclusc  du  port  est  inlncte,  mais  provi. 

soirement  inulilisable  parce  qu  on  y  a  fail  som- 
brer  des  barqueites  chargees  de  pierres.  Les 
installations  du  port  n'onl  pas  ete  eodoin- 
raagees. 

La  ville  d'Anversa  peu  souifert.- La  popula- 
tion garde  lecalmeet  paraitheureusedeceqne 
les  journees  de  terreur  soienl  (inies.  La  popu 
lace  avail  d'ailleurs  cumnienca  a  piller.  Les 
debris  de  I'armce  beige  onl  abandonne,  eo 
toute  hite,  la  ville  de  Gand  a  lapproche  dg uos 
troupes.  Le  gouvernement  beige  se  serail 
retire,  a  I'exception  du  ininistre  de  la  guerre, 
au  Havre. 


Mededeelingen  van  het 
duitsche   GouveniemeDt. 


Beriijo,  16  October.  (Ambtelijke  melding  v«a 
gisteren  middag.)  Bij  Antwerpen  werden  Int 
geheel  4,000  tot  5,000  gevangenen  gemaakt. 
Hel  is  aan  le  nemen,  dat  in  de  naasle  lijd  oog 
een  grool  gelal  belgische  soldalen,  die  burger- 
lijke  kleeding  aangelrokken  hebben,  opgeslolen 
worden.  Volgens  eene  miededeeling  van  deo 
konsul  in  Terneuzen  zijn  ongeveer  80,000  bel- 
gische soldalen  en  2,000  engclsche  op  hollandsch 
gebied  overgclreden,  waar  zij  ontwapend  wer- 
den. Huone  vlucht  moet  in  de  grootste  haasi 
geschied  zijn;  dit  beluigen  de  jroole  menigte 
weggeworpen  zakken  met  kicedingstnkken,  in 
t  bijzooder  der  engelsche  Royal  iVaval  Division. 
De  krijgsbuit  van  Antwerpen  is  groot ;  len  minsie 
500  geschullen,  eene  groole  n)enigte  munitie, 
eene  massa  zadels  VVovlachs,  zeer  veel  male- 
riaal  voor  den  gezondheidsdiensl,  lalrijke  krachl- 
wagens,  vele  locomolieven  en  waggons,  4  millioen 
kilogram  graan,  veel  meel,  steenkolen,  vlas,  voor 
10  millioen  Mark  wol,  koper,  zilver  in  waarde 
van  onitreol  een  hall  millioen  Mark,  een 
panLser-spoor9reg:trein,  meerdere  gevulde  ver- 
plegingstreineo,  eene  groole  hoeveelheid  vee. 

Belgische  en  engelsche  schepen  bevonden 
zich  niet  meer  in  Antwerpen.  De  34  duitsche 
stoombooten  en  3  zeilscbep^n,  die  bij  hel  ull- 
breken  van  den  oorlog  in  e  haven  van  Ani* 
werpen  waren,  zijn,  met  u^  oodering  van  een. 
voorhanden ;  de  niachieneh  echter  werden 
oobruikbaar  gemaakl,  de  stoombodt  Gneiiewtu 
van  den  Norddeutschen  Lloyd  heett  men  aaoge- 
boont  «a  lateo  zinkeo.  De  groole  haveiksluis  is 
intact,  maar  allereerst  door  verzonken  booten. 
die  met  steenen  bezwaard  (Werdeo,  niet  te 
gebruiken,  De  bavenaanlegplaalsen  zijn  niet 
heschadgd. 

De  siad  Antwerpen  heelt  weinig  geleden; 
de  bevoUing  is  ruslig  en  schijnt  zich  le  verheu- 
gen,  dat  ie  scbrikdagen  voorbij  zijn,  vooral  om- 
dat  hel  gtpeupel  reeds  'begon  le  plunderen.  De 
resten  vaa  hel  belgische  leger  hebben  bij  hel 
naderen  onzer  troepen  in  der  haasl  Gent  oul- 
ruimd.  De  belgische  Regeering,  mel  uitzondering 
van  den  ntinister  van  oorlog,  heejt  zidi  naar 
Le  Havre  fcegeven. 


Berlin,  16  oclobre.  Lesattaques  des  Frau- 
is  aux  environs  dWIbert  ont  ele 
avec  de  grandes  peries  pour  les 


I'  ran(,-ais. 


k  Mi\i  IMoDitrDeiil. 


(^i$  aux  environs  dWIbert  ont  ele  repoussees 

F' 

.\ucun  autre  changement  a  I'ouest. 
'  A  Test,  la  marclie  en  avant  des  Russcs, 
ertlrepris(»avec  des  lorces  considerables  vers 
la  Prusse  orientale,  peut  etre  considoree  com- 
inc  ayant  ecliooc.  L'atlaque  deoos  trou|M;!>  en 
Pologne,  -oil  el  les  iutlent  cote  a  cole  avec  nos 
allies  autrichiens,  progressc  toiijoiirs.  >os 
troupes  se  trouveht  devantVarsovie.M  marchc 
(■II  avani  eiiireprise  par  Ivs  Russes  avec  K  corps 
irarjiioc.  venanl  de  la  ligne  irivvangorod- 
Varsovie  sur  la  Vislule,  a  ele  repoussce  sur 
liiiitc  la  ligiic  avec  de  grandes  perlos  pour  les 
Blisses.  Les  liruils  rcpandtis  par  la  presse 
iii.>ise  ail  sujel  de  In  capture  de  caniiiis  alle- 
inaiids  iii°aiii|iiciil  ilc  roiideinriii. 


leGNniilililieieii. 


Berlijn,  16  October.  (.\nib(etijke  melding.)  De 
aanvallen  der  Franschenin  de  streek  rood  .VJberl 
werden  onderrroDte  verliezen  voor  hen  lenig- 
geworpen  .Viiderszijn  in  'I  Weslen  geene  veran- 
deringen 

In  l  oosU'ii  is  hel  iiissische  niel  slerke  kra»lh 
len  ondeinoiiien  viN>rgaan  op  Oostpruissen  ills 
niishikl  te  iiatizien.  lie  aanval  onzer  Irxepen  in 
Polen,  He  schouder  aan  scliouder  Rtet  liel 
ooslenrijksche  leger  kanipen,  maakt  goed< 
vorderiiigen  Oiize  lioepen  slaan  voor  NVai- 
siliaii.  Ken  nissisrlKv eerste  simil,  die  mel 
imilrenl  H  legerkoriwii  nil  de  lijii  Inwangontd- 
>\  arshaii  omt de  » I'irhsel  )iiiderii)inien  we'rd, 
werd  op  de  uelKfle  liJH  <>ii«|er  /.ware  verlitv.eo 
\oorife  Kusseii  leruggeWtirpon.  |»e  geruchlen. 
die  in  riissiselie  dapldftlvii  verspt-ciil  wurden. 
over  de  M>ro\er<le  miiisdir  gt^Mliuiiin  zijn  \an 
ieijeiv  U'wijzeii  <inll»lo«t. 


ilttciilitarDeiil 


96 


TRANSLATJON 

News  published  by  the  German  Government. 

"Berlin,  October  i6th.  (Official  communique  from  General  Head- 
quarters.)— Between  four  and  five  thousand  prisoners  were  taken  at 
Antwerp.  It  is  expected  that  shortly  a  large  number  of  soldiers 
who  are  wearing  civilian  clothes  will  be  captured.  According  to 
information  received  from  the  Consul  at  Terneuzen,  about  20,000 
Belgian  and  2,000  English  soldiers  have  crossed  into  Dutch  territory, 
where  they  have  been  disarmed.  They  evidently  fled  in  haste,  as  is 
shown  by  the  numbers  of  haversacks  thrown  away,  especially  those 
belonging  to  the  English  Royal  Naval  Division.  The  war  booty 
taken  at  Antwerp  is  considerable.  At  least  500  guns,  an  immense 
quantity  of  munitions,  saddles  and  medical  stores  ;  numbers  of 
motor  cars,  many  locomotives  and  wagons  ;  4  million  kilos  of  corn, 
a  lot  of  flour,  coal  and  flax  ;  10  million  marks'  worth  of  wool ;  copper 
and  silver  to  the  value  of  about  half  a  million  marks  ;  an  armoured 
train,  several  train-loads  of  provisions,  and  a  great  quantity  of 
cattle. 

"There  were  no  English  or  Belgian  ships  in  the  port  of  Antwerp. 
The  24  German  steamers  and  three  sailing  ships  which  were  in 
Antwerp  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  are  still  there,  except  one,  but 
their  machinery  has  been  put  out  of  order.  Only  the  Gneisenau, 
a  liner  belonging  to  the  North  German  Lloyd,  was  sunk.  The  great 
harbour  lock  is  intact,  but  is  temporarily  useless  owing  to  boats  full 
of  stones  having  been  sunk  in  it.  The  port  installations  have  not 
been  damaged. 

"The  town  of  Antwerp  has  not  suffered  much.  The  population 
is  calm  and  seems  glad  that  the  days  of  terror  are  over.  The  populace 
had,  however,  begun  to  pillage.  The  remnants  of  the  Belgian  Army 
abandoned  the  town  of  Ghent  on  the  approach  of  our  troops.  The 
Belgian  Government,  with  the  exception  of  the  Ministry  of  War, 
has  retired  to  Le  Havre." 

"Berlin,  October  16th. — French  attacks  in  the  neighbourhood  of 
Albert  have  been  repulsed  with  heavy  losses  for  the  French.  No 
other  changes  in  the  West. 

"In  the  East,  the  Russian  offensive  undertaken  in  force  against 
East  Prussia  may  be  considered  as  checked.  The  attack  of  our 
troops  in  Poland,  where  they  fight  side  by  side  with  our  Austrian 
allies,  is  making  progress.  Our  troops  are  before  Warsaw.  An 
offensive  on  the  Vistula  undertaken  by  eight  Russian  Army  Corps 
coming  from  the  I wangorod- Warsaw  line  was  repulsed  on  the  whole 
front  with  great  losses  to  the  Russians.  The  rumours  spread  by  the 
Russian  Press  as  to  the  captures  'of  German  guns  are  without 
foundation. 

"The  GkRMAN  Military  Government." 

97 


HOW     THE     GERMANS     TOLD     THE     POPULATION     OF 
BRUSSELS    ABOUT    THE    BATTLE    OF    THE    YSER. 

"  The  battle  of  the  Yser  began  on  October  i8th  and  finished  on 
the  31st.  The  Belgian  Army,  reduced  to  48,000  rifles,  resisted  alone, 
except  for  the  assistance  of  6,000  French  Marines,  until  the  23rd, 
when  the  first  units  of  the  French  Grossetti  Division  arrived  as 
reinforcements.  The  inundation  of  the  land  between  the  Dixmude- 
Nieuport  Railway  and  the  Yser  dikes  forced  the  Germans  to- retire 
definitely  on  November  ist."  * 

Extracts  from  the  **  News   published  by  the  German 
Government/' 

"Berlin,  October  igth.  {Official  communiqui  of  the  iSth.) — In 
the  Western  theatre  of  war  there  was  comparative  quiet  yesterday  ; 
the  situation  remains  unchanged." 

"Berlin,  October  21st.  (Official.) — German  troops  advancing 
along  the  coast  of  Ostend  met  enemy  forces  in  the  Yser  sector,  near 
Nieuport.  They  have  been  in  contact  with  them  since  yesterday. 
Yesterday,  also,  enemy  attacks  west  of  Lille  were  repulsed  with 
great  losses." 

"Berlin,  October  22nd.  {Official  communiqui  of  yesterday 
morning.) — On  the  Yser  Canal  our  troops  are  still  in  violent  conflict 
with  the  enemy.  The  latter  is  supported  by  his  artillery  from  the 
sea,  north-west  of  Nieuport.  An  English  torpedo-boat  has  been 
put  out  of  action  by  our  artillery." 

"Berlin,  October  2^rd. — The  fighting  on  the  Yser  Canal  continues. 
Eleven  English  warships  are  supporting  the  enemy  artillery.  East 
of  Dixmude,  the  enemy  has  been  repulsed.  .  .  ." 

"Berlin,  October  24th.  {Yesterday's  midday  official  communiqui.) 
— On  the  Yser  Canal  we  have  gained  some  successes.  South  of 
Dixmude,  our  troops  have  advanced." 

"Berlin,  October  2^th. — The  fighting  in  the  sector  of  the  Ypres- 
Yser  Canal  is  extremely  desperate.  In  the  north,  we  have  succeeded 
in  crossing  the  canal  with  large  forces." 

"Berlin,  October  26th.  {Official  communique  from  General 
Headquarters.) — The  Ypres-Yser  Canal  has  been  crossed  by  us  in 
force,  after  desperate  fighting,  on  October  24th,  between  Nieuport 
and  Dixmude," 

"  Berlin,  October  26th.  {Yesterday's  midday  official  communique.) 
— Yesterday   morning    our   troops    possessed    themselves    of   some 


•  See  L.  van  der  Essen :  The  Invasion  and  the  War  in  Belgium.     London 
Fisher  Unwin,  191 7. 

98 


enemy  ground,  attacking  the  enemy,  who  defended  himself  des- 
perately. The  English  squadron,  which  took  part  in  the  fighting, 
was  forced  by  the  fire  of  our  heavy  artillery  to  retire.  Three  ships 
received  direct  hits.  The  whole  squadron  remained  out  of  sight 
during  the  afternoon  of  October  25th." 

"Berlin,  October  2glh.  {Yesterday  evening's  official  cofnmunique .) 
— Fighting  continues  between  Nieuport  and  Dixmude.  The  Belgians 
have  received  considerable  reinforcements.  Sixteen  Enghsh  warships 
took  part  in  the  fighting  on  our  right  wing,  but  their  fire  was 
unsuccessful." 

'* Berlin,  October  ^oth  (Yesterday  morning's  official  communique.) 
— Our  offensive  south  of  Nieuport  is  slowly  progressing." 

"Berlin,  October  30/A.  [Official  communique  of  this  morning.) — 
Our  offensive  south  of  Nieuport  has  been  continued  with  success." 

"Berlin,  November  2nd.  {Official  communique.) — In  Belgium, 
operations  have  become  difficult  owing  to  the  inundations  produced 
by  the  destruction  of  the  locks  of  the  Ypres-Yser  Canal,  near 
Nieuport." 


99 


PLACARD  BY  THE  GERMAN  AUTHORITIES  AT  CUGNON,  INFORM- 
ING   THE    INHABITANTS    OF    THE    TAKING     OF    ANTWERP     THE 
FLIGHT     OF     KING     ALBERT     AND     THE     TAKING     OF     FORTS 
BETWEEN  TOUL   AND   VERDUN.— OCTOBER,    1914. 


e 


SIEGEANT  A  CUGNON 


fait  savoir  aux  habitants 
ce  qui  suit  : 


Depuis  quelques  temps  11  nous  a  lrap[)('  (jue  les  liabitants  dv  i»os 
environs  ne  sont  inlorines  de  la  veritable  inarebe  <les  arniees  et  Tac- 
rion  niilitaire  au  theatre  de  guerre. 

Pour  prevenir  des  illusions  il  faut  faire  savoir  aux  habitants  que 
ies  forts  d'Anvers  Torniant  I'eneeinte  ont  ete  pris  par  les  troupes  alle- 
mandes.  n*aj)res  les  journaux  de  llollande  le  Roi  des  Beiges  s'est  vu 
oblige  de  passer  en  Angleterre  de  merae  la  ligne  etendue  des  forts 
entre  Toul  et  Verdun  eonstruite  pour  arreter  Tinvasion  alleniande 
est  tond)ee  entre  les  mains  des  Allemands  et  c'est  deja  il  y  a  quelques 
jours  que  les  troupes  allemandes  ont  IVanehie  eettc  ligne  pour  se  di- 
nger vers  Paris. 

Par  of'ffre  et  /war  coptc  vonforint, 

Le  Bourgniestre. 

DELMUE. 


100 


A  REGIME  OF  LIES. 

t 

"It  is  scarcely  worth  while  to  point  out  the  falseness  of  the 
news  concerning  the  flight  of  King  Albert  and  the  piercing  of  the 
line  of  forts  between  Verdun  and  Belfort  in  October,  1914. 

"The  Burgomaster  of  Cugnon  (Luxemburg),  M.  Delmue,  knew 
nothing  of  the  publication  of  this  placard.  The  German  authorities 
used  his  name  without  even  consulting  him. 

"They  did  not,  however,  fail  to  make  the  commune  pay  the 
printing  expenses." 

(Information  furnished  by  M.  Jean  M assart,  Vice-Director  of  the 
Faculty  of  Science  of  the  Royal  Academy  of  Belgium,  in  his  book 
"  Comment  les  Beiges  risistent  d    Vinvasion  allemande,"  pp.  287-8.) 

WARNING     BY   THE    GOVERNOR-GENERAL     OF 

LI'EGE. 

To  THE  Population  of  Liege  and  the  Surrounding  District. 

"Considering  the  growing  successes  of  the  German  troops,  we 
cannot  understand  why  the  people  of  Li^ge  can  be  so  credulous  as  to 
believe  the  absurd  and  frivolous  news  published  by  the  factories  of 
lies  established  at  Li^ge.  Those  who  busy  themselves  in  circulating 
such  news  are  exposed  to  heavy  punishments.  They  are  playing  a 
dangerous  game  in  taking  advantage  of  the  credulity  of  their  fellow- 
citizens  and  in  urging  them  to  ill-considered  action. 

"  The  reasonable  population  of  Li^ge  will,  of  course,  be  opposed 
to  any  attempts  of  this  sort.  Otherwise  they  will  be  exposed  not 
only  to  the  most  serious  disillusionment,  but  also  to  the  ridicule  of 
all  intelligent  people. 

"Von  Kolewe, 
"  Lieut enant-General  and  Governor  of  the 
"  fortified  district  of  Li^ge. 
"It  is  forbidden  to  tear  down  this  placard  or  to  cover  it  up." 


TRANSLATION, 

The  German  Authorities   installed  at   Cugnon   inform   the 
inhabitants  of  the  following  : — 

"We  have  been  struck  by  the  fact  that  for  some  time  the 
inhabitants  of  the  district  are  not  informed  of  the  real  advance  of 
the  armies  and  the  military  actions  in  the  theatre  of  war. 

"To  dispel  illusion  it  must  be  made  known  that  the  forts 
surrounding  Antwerp  have  been  taken  by  the  German  troops. 
According  to  Dutch  papers,  the  King  of  the  Belgians  has  been  obliged 
to  cross  to  England.  Also  the  Hne  of  forts  between  Toul  and  Verdun, 
which  were  constructed  to  repel  a  German  invasion,  have  fallen 
into  the  hands  of  the  Germans,  and  some  days  ago  the  German 
troops  had  already  pierced  this  line  on  their  way  towards  Paris. 
"By  Ord'^r  :   Copy  Guaranteed  Correct. 

"The  Burgomaster, 

"Delmue." 

lOI 


WAR    NEWS    PLACARDED    BY    THE    GERMAN    GOVERNMENT     IN 
BRUSSELS.— JANUARY   23RD,    1915. 


7er6fientlichungen  des 

deutschen 
General-Gouyernements. 


Berhn.23.  Januar.  (Amtllche 
beiiiellHu«.) 

Wetlieker  Kriegtaekauptatx 
Peindlicbe  Pieger  uarlen  g«>slern  ohne  Erfolg 
bei  Gem  und  Zoebrdgge  Bomben  ab. 

ZwLscheo  Smiain  und  Perthes  ndrdlich  des 
Ligei-s  \on  ChAlons  grifl  der  Feind  gestern  Nacb- 
miiltig  an,  der  AngrilT  brach  unter  unscrn  Feuer 
nisaninu>n;der  Feind  fluchtele  in  setae  Grtben 
zuniik.  Iin  Argonn>rwaldp  erobcrton  unsore 
Truppen  westlich  Foniaine  la  .Miiie  cine  femd- 
liche  Sielliing,  iiiacbten  3  Ofliziere.  8i5  JIann  zu 
Gernngenon  und  erbeulcten  4  Maschinengewehre 
Mordwestlich  Pom  a  Mousson  burden  i  fraUzii- 
siscue  AngrKTe  unter  schweren  Verluslcn  fur  den 
Feind  abgeschlagcn .  Bei  den  Kampfen  zur  Zuriick- 
gewinnung  unsererGraben  wurdcn  dcm  Feind 
sell  dem  21.  Januar  7  Ge!«hQlze  und  i  Mascbi- 
neiigewTjhr  abgenommen.  Bei  Wisembach  wurdcn 
Alpenjager  zuruckgeworlen.  Mehrere  miictilige 
Angriffe  de>  Feindes  auf  Harlmannswciicrkopf 
blicben  erfolglos. 

Oetllichtr  kriegttckauptaU. 

In  Osipreussen  nichis  Ncues. 

Ira  nordlichen  Polen,  in  der  Gegcnd  •von 
Przasnysz  wurde  ein  unbedcutcndcr  russischcr 
AngrilT  abgewipsen.  Aus  Blinno  und  Gojsk  wur- 
den  die  Russen  herausgcworten.  Sthwachere  auf 
Sz.lal-Gomy  vorgehende  nissische  Ableilungen 
wurd?n  rum  Ruekzug  gez>»T)ngen.  Unscrc  An- 
giifle  gegen  den  Szucba-Abschnitt  scjirillen  fort. 
In  der  Gegend  von  Ra«a,  wcsUicb  Szenciny 
lebhafle  Artllleriekampfe. 


Mededeelingen  van  het 

duilsche 
Generaal-Gouvernement 


Be'liin.  23  Janoari.  (AroWlijke  mel- 
ding van  beden  middag.) 

WuteHjk  krijgiveU. 

Vijandelgke  vliegers  wierpen  gister  vruchle- 
loos  by  Gent  en  Zeebnigge  bonimen  neer. 

Tusscheo  Souain  en  Pcribes  ten  Noorden  het 
kamp  van  Chalons  vici  de  vyand  gister  namiddag 
aan,  de  slormloop  stuitli;  at  op  ons  vuur.  de 
vyand  vluchlte  in  zijne  lo(ii)grachtcn  terug.  In  het 
Argonnerwoud  veroverden  onze  troepen  ten 
VVesien  Nan  Fontaine-la-.Milte  eene  vjjandelijke 
s(elling,  maakten  3  ofBciorcn  8i3  man  lot  ge\  an 
genen  en  4  machiengeweren  buii.  Ten  Noord' 
Weslen  van  Pont-a-Mousson  werden  2  Fransche 
aanvallen  onder  zware  \  iTliezen  voor  hen  afge- 
weerd.  By  de  gevechten  lot  licrovering  van  onze 
loopgrachten  werdonden  vyand  sedertSI  Januari 
7  kanonnenen  I  machieiisteweerafgenomen.  By 
Wisembach  werdcn  alpenj.igers  leruggeworpen. 
Vorschcidene  machlige  aaiivallcn  van  den  vijand 
legcn  Hartmannsweilerkop  waion  te  Ncrgccfs 


Ooiteti'f'k  krifgsveld. 

In  Oosl-Pruisen  niels  oieuws. 

In  Noord-Polen  in  dt  slreek  van  Przasnysz 
\serd  een  onbeduidcnde  Ru.>isisctic  aanval  afge 
weerd.  Lit  Blinno  en  (Jnjsk  werden  de  Russen 
verdrevcn.  Zwakkere  on  Szllal-Gorny  aanruk- 
kende  Russische  afdeelingen  werdcn  tot  den 
temgloeht  gedwongen.  Onie  aanvallpn  tegen  den 
Szucha-hoek  gingen  vooruit.  In  de  sireek  van 
Rawa,  ten  Weste  van  Szenciny  levcndig  gcsehut- 


Z  irich,  23.  Jannar.  Oborst  Miillci  schil- 
d;rl  in  der  fl/euen  Zurieher  Zeitung  die  umsidi- 
t  on  und  mil  grosslcr  Sorgfalt  geschaflcnen 
hygienischen  Aniagen  an  der  deiK.schenStelhings- 
fronl.  Die  Entwasseningsfrage  nehmc  dcii  ersten 
J'laly.  bei  der  Aniage  der  Schul/cngraben  ein; 
glaftzend  sei  aiich  die  reichliilu-  gesunde  ErftSfi- 
rung  der  Truppen  und  dercn  Ausslaliun^  mit 
warmer  Lntcrkleiduiig.  was  vves(>nllich  ziir  Er- 
hallung  und  Fordcrung  des  GcsuiMllieilS7iislandi'S 
beilnige.  Div  Leule  liaben  meist  gerade/ii  ein 
Wiihendes  Au>sehen,  aus  dec  Heimal  (licst  der 
Strom  der  Liebesgaben  unaufhflrlicb.  EIne  \  cr- 
nOndige  Ab\teschclung  des  nicnsti-s  zwischen 
Marsch-  Exerciren  und  Pionierarbeit  lut  ein  iibri- 
g:'S  iim  die  Mannscbaflifi  b<'i  gulcr  Gesiindheit 
und  Slimmung /u  crh:il(en  In  eincni  .Masse  wie 
man  ev  im  Fride  nicht  fur  nmglicb  halien  solllo, 
«irdfiir  lliidrgclegcnheil  gcsorgl  MulliTschlicssl: 
l!rr  frischc  frolilicbe  soldaliM-lie  Geisi,  die  gute 
Kamer;idMhafl,  das  anslandige  Belra^en  und  die 
gull'  lialtung  des  deul>rben  Soldaleii  im  Felde 
nirisMUjcdciii  aufmcrksanvn  Be..ba«lilir  angc- 
iiehm  in  dii-  Augen  fallen.  FelNcnfell  isl  die  Zu- 
Mn>ir|il  und  derGUnhc  an  Siegbeidcm  Ui/Un 
.M:iiin(;ein<-\on  sofcheni  Ccisi  bcsci-lie  Tmppe 
isi  uniiT  dff  Fiihning  \oii  rim-m  fahigcn  und 
lidifliilM-wusMiii  Ofli/ierkoriis  wii-  dem  di-ul- 
Nhrii,  lien  gi'isMen  Aufgaln-n  t-'i" adibcn. 


Sistaral-llmnilii6el|iei 


Zurich,  23  Januari  Kolonel  Miillcr  be- 
scbrijft  in  de  IVtue  Zuriscier  Zeitung  de  omzlcll- 
lige  en  allerzorgvuldi.gst  aingelegde  gezondheids- 
inrifhlingen  in  het  Duitirhe^  siellingsfront.  Het 
droogbuuden  van  de  Unpgrachten  nren)t  de 
e^le  zorg  in:  schillerdid  noeml  hij  ook  de 
iTjki^ijke  gezondc  xoediiif  der  troepen  en  hun 
uiimsling  met  warm  oidergoed,  wat  degelyk 
bijdmagi  lol  het  onderboi<cn  en  bevorderen  van 
den  gezondh<;idsl(>esi;mi\.  De  manschnppen  heb- 
l)en  doorgaans  een  bioolind  uilcrlijk  en  uit  he! 

aderland  siroomen  maarde  liefdegaven  onon- 
derbroken  toe.  Een  versianllge  alwissieling  in  den 
dienstlus.schen  inareheerenpxerceerenen  pionier- 
werk  doet.wal  nogonlbreelt  cm  de  krijgslieden 
in  gofde  gezondheid  en  stfjnming  le  bouden.  In 
i-cn  omvang  als  men  het  vor  een  onmogeiljlvheid 
jn  het  front  zou  hotiden,  witdt  voor  badgelegen- 
heid  gezorgd  .Miiller  besliiic  he  frisch-vioolijke. 
soldatengecsl,  het  goed  kaoeraadschap,  de  fat- 
soenlijke  omgang  en  dc  goide  houding  van  den 
Duilschen  soldaal  in  t  veldmoelen  iederen  op- 
merkzaam    garicslaande   aagenaam   in  'I   oog 

>opcn.  Rotsvasl  Is  het  veiii»ii\M  n  en  hel  geliMif 
in  de  zege  lot  btj  den  laaLslcrtnan ;  (>en  leger-  met 
zulken  geest  bczlcid  is  oner  leiding  \an  een 
bekwaam  en  plirhthewusl  jTieierkorps  aK  bet 
l)iiit.S(-hc  tegen  de  groolste  ooeilijkheden  opgc- 
wassen. 


HelGniil-lliiiTcitHiiiStliit 


Nouvelles  pnblifies  par 

le  Gouvernement  G6n6ral 

allemand* 


Berlin, 23  .janvltf1r.l(CoaiaiiaIcation  o(l* 
cielle  d'aujourd'hui  ra'idi.) 

ThMre  de  la  guerre  di  rOue»t. 

Des  avialeurs  ennemls  onl  laoc4  bier,  MM 
succes,  des  bombes  pris  de  Gand  et  de  G«ai- 
brugge. 

Entre  Souhain  el  Perthes,  au  nord  du  camp 
de  Chalons,  I'ehnemi  lit  bier  apria-midi  une 
aitaque;celle-ci  secroula  sous  iiotre  leu  et 
I'ennemi  s'enfuit  dans  ses  trancb^es.  Ihins  la 
fordi  des  Argounes,  nos  troupes  conquirenl  i 
I'ouest  de  F'onlaine-la-Mitle  une  position  enne- 
mie,  fireni  3  officiers  et  845  hommes  prison- 
niers  et  gagn^rent  4  mitrailleuses.  Au  oord- 
ouest  de  Poni-a-Mousson,  deux  atiaques 
francaises  furent  repoq.ssees  avec  de  grandea 
pertes  pour  I'eonemi.  Dans  les  cooibals 
destines  aregagner  nos  trancbees,  nous  avons 
enleve  a  lennemi,  depuis  le  ii  Janvier, 
7  canons  el  line  mitrailleuse.  A  Wisembach  des 
chasseurs  alpins  furenl  rojeles.  Plusieurs  puis- 
santes  aiiaaues  de  I'ennemi  centre  Hartmanns- 
weilerskopt  rest^rent  sans  socc^ 

ThMire  de  la  guerre  de  tbtL 

En  Prusse  orienlale,  picn  de  nouveau. 

All  nord  dc  la  Pologne,  dans  la  region  de 
PrzaMiysz  une  altaque  russe  insignifiante  a  et6 
repoussee.  De  Blinno  el  Gojsk,  les  Russes  fu- 
rent chasses.  Des  detachemenls  russes  plus 
faibles  venant  de  Szital-Gorny  furent  forces  dc 
<!e  retirer.  iVos  aitatiues  contre  le  secieur  du 
Szucha  «Tnt  progrease.  Dans  la  region  de  Rawa, 
a  I'ouest  de  Szenciny,  deviolents  combats  d'ar- 
tillerie  sent  engages. 


Zurich,  23  Janvier.  Le  cotonei 
deerit  dans  la  Neue  Zurieher  Zeitung  les  mesure^ 
hygleniques  prises  avec  la  plus  grande  circonspeo 
lion  et  les  plus  grands  soins  au  (WmiI  de  I'annee 
allemande.  La  question  du  drainage  des  eaux 
prend  la  premiiire  place  lors  de  I'^Ublissement  de 
Iranchees;  brillant  est  le  systime  de  P'allmenU- 
lion  abondante  el  saine  des  troupes  el  leur  ^ui- 
pemenl  avec  des  50us-velements  chauds,  ce  qui 
est  es.senliel  pour  le  mainlien  d'un  bon  ^tsapi- 
taire.  Les  hommes  onl  pour  la  plupart  la  mlBC 
florissanle.  De  chez  eox  coule  sans  cesse  le  (leuve 
des  a  Dons  de  I' Amour)).  Ln  ralionel  changement 
du  service  entre  les  marches,  des  exercices 
d'armes  et  le  travail  de  genie  conlribue  a  censer- 
au\  hommes  la  bonne  sanle  el  la  bonne 
hiimeur.  A  un  point  de  vue  qu  on  ne  croirail  pas 
possible  en  pleine  guerre,  la  possibiliW  de  prendre 
des  bains  a  ele  realisee.  .M.  .Miiller  lermine  ainsi « 
Lespril  frais  el  militaire,  la  bonne  camaraderie, 
la  lM)nne  condiiile  el  lallilude  eorrecte  el  bonn^te 
des  >oldals  allemands  dans  la  eampagne  doivenl 
6lre  rcmarquees  avecjoie  par  lout  observateur 
serieux  Ferme  coiiimeun  roc  sonl  la  conviclioa 

la  foi  en  la  victoire  jusque  chez  le  dernier 
hoiiime;  line  troupe  animec  de  pareilss^-ntimenls 
el  placee  sou>  la  conduile  dofficiers  capables  el 
consciiiils  de  Uiirs  devoirs  lelle  que  I'armee  all^ 
maiide  est  a  la  hauteur  des  Inches  les  plus  ele  vees. 


ItGoiinHlllMtiiBelpiiK. 


lo; 


HOW    THE    GERMANS    DESCRIBED    THE    FIRST    BATTLE    OF    YPRES 
TO    THE    PEOPLE    OF    BRUSSELS. 

"Our  troops  advanced  successfully  in  the  direction  of  Ypres." 

"East  of  Ypres,  our  troops  advanced  after  violent  fighting." 

"North  of  Ypres,  the  enemy  received  reinforcements,  but  this  did  not 

prevent  our  troops  making  progress  at  several  points," 
"Near  Ypres  the  battle  is  undecided.     South-east  of  Ypres  our  troops 

made  some  progress." 
"Near  Ypres,  the  German  troops  yesterday  made  some  progress." 
"Near  Ypres,  the  situation  is  the  same  as  on  the  27th." 
"Near  Ypres,  the  battle  continues,  and  is  still  undecided." 
"The  attack  on  Ypres  is  slowly  progressing." 
"Near  Ypres,  our  troops  are  still  advancing." 

"In  the  course  of  our  attack  on  Ypres  we  have  again  gained  some  ground." 
"Our  attacks  on  Ypres  are  still  advancing." 
"Near  Ypres,  our  attacks  are  progressing." 

"Our  attacks  on  Ypres  are  going  on  slowly    but  successfully." 
"Our  offensive  N.W.  and  S.W.  of  Ypres  are  progressing  favourably." 
"Our  attacks  near  Ypres  continued  yesterday." 
' '  In  spite  of  the  most  determined  resistance,  our  attacks  on  Ypres  are 

making  slow  but  uninterrupted  progress." 
"Our  attacks  on  Ypres  yesterday  made  slow  progress." 
"In  the  region  east  of  Ypres  our  troops  made  some  progress." 
"Our  attacks  advanced  slowly  south  of  Ypres  and  in  West  Flanders." 


October 

24th    .. 

October 

25th    .  . 

October 

26th    .. 

October 

27th    .. 

October 

28th    .. 

October 

29th    .. 

October 

30th    .. 

November 

1st     .. 

November 

2nd  .. 

November 

3rd    .. 

November 

4th    .. 

November 

5th    .. 

November 

6th    .  . 

November 

7th    .. 

November 

9th    .. 

November 

10th    .. 

November 

nth    .  . 

November 

13th    .. 

November 

15th    .. 

TRANSLATION. 

News  published  by  the  German  General  Government. 

"Berlin,  January  23rd.     (Official  communique  of  to-day,  noon.) 

Western  Theatre  OF  War. 

"Enemy  aviators  dropped  bombs  yesterday  without  success  near  Gent  and  Zeebrugge." 
(Probably  means  Gentbrugge.) 

"Between  Souhain  and  Perthes  yesterday  the  enemy  made  an  attack.  This  collapsed 
under  our  fire,  and  the  enemy  fled  back  to  his  trenches.  In  the  Argonne,  our  troops  stormed 
a  fortified  post  west  of  Fontaine  la  Mitte,  making  prisoners  3  officers  and  243  men,  and  taking 
4  machine-guns.  North-west  of  Pont-a-iVIousson,  two  French  attacks  were  repulsed  with  great 
losses  to  the  enemy.  During  attempts  by  the  enemy  to  regain  our  trenches  we  took  (since 
January  21  st)  7  guns  and  one  machine-gun.  At  Wisembach  the  chasseurs-alpms  were  repulsed. 
Several  attacks  by  the  enemy  on  ilartmannsweilerkopf  were  unsuccessful." 

Eastern  Theatre  of  War. 

"In  East  Prussia  there  is  nothing  to  report. 

"In  North  Poland,  near  Przasnysz, . a  slight  Russian  attack  was  repulsed.  The  Russians 
were  driven  out  of  Blinno  and.  Gojsk.  Weak  Russian  forces  coming  from  Szital-Gomy  were 
obhged  to  retire.  Our  attacks  against  the  Szucha  sector  are  progressing.  In  the  region  of 
Rawa,  west  of  Szenciny,  violent  artillery  duels  have  taken  place." 

"Zurich,  January  2^rd. — Colonel  Miiller  describes  in  the  Neue  Zi'iricher  Nachrichtung  the 
very  thorough  hygienic  measures  employed  on  the  German  front.  The  question  of  water 
drainage  is  the  first  thing  taken  in  hand"  after  the  establishment  of  the  trenches  ;  brilliant  is 
also  the  method  of  providing  the  troops  with  good,  wholesome  food  and  warm  underclothing, 
essential  for  the  maintenance  of  good  sanitary  conditions.  Nearly  all  the  men  look  flourishing. 
From  their  homes  comes  a  constant  stream  of  'Love-gifts.'  A  well-arranged  division  between 
marching  exercise  and  pioneer  work  keeps  the  men  in  the  best  of  health  and  spirits.  In  a  way 
one  would  scarcely  think  possible  in  the  field,  opportunities  for  baths  have  been  provided. 
Mr.  Miiller  concludes  :  'The  gay  and  soldierly  spirit,  the  good  comradeship,  good  conduct  and 
splendid  behaviour  of  the  German  soldiers  in  the  field  must  be  a  pleasant  sight  for  any  careful 
observer.  Firm  as  a  rock  is  the  conviction  and  faith  in  victory  of  every  man.  Troops  animated 
with  such  a  spirit,  placed  under  the  leadership  of  such  capable  and  conscientious  officers  as  the 
Germans,  are  equal  to  a  task  of  the  greatest  magnitude.' 

"The  General  Government  in  Belgium." 


103 


PROCLAMATION     BY     THE     BURGOMASTER     OF     LOKEREN.     BY 

ORDER    OF    THE    GERMAN    AUTHORITIES,    APPEALING    TO    THE 

INHABITANTS  WHO  HAVE  LEFT  TO  RETURN  TO  THEIR  HOMES. 

AND     PROMISING     RESPECT     FOR     THEIR     LIBERTIES. 

OCTOBER    24TH,    1914. 


Op  beve^  en  met  soedkeurjnr  'ler  B-  ;-oh-  Fo-n-nan-    ' 
clantur  te  Lokeren  maakt  ruch.biar  en  V  .k" 

f        I    Oil  ii   I  ti())r      yMutr      !i  U  iH      I,     !,M„!i   ,      ^    it!     ).,nii   (li.    M«n   Si   !  «o;f(i"ik  I  t  ,  < 

1)1  .1  <(. :  Si   ,J  w    {)'ij»    I,   7    i(l»<  \(r«  jSliUfim   Imnl  r<(l  (in)  .  •  t    ?    «  l>  t     'j.'     i  <  s  '  ,  7,       . 

'"■"-"""'"•  "      'nt.I.POv    ,l,..l..rl s^,,rlm  , '.   !    '       ...  .,».  ..,..«« l.jk 

1   »*«<l  r   .,.    I    ijr    ^„,    ,  ,rt,    ,ffi   /..   i,„   ,11,.,  ,   ,11   „  I   I  .1.1  I.    /i.ul.im  Jt   /»  j  I  /.  (*     i  5,   ,11,  mn  . 

/<l.r..  I.    Ii    /Kit  (lijuiMr  «  li<iis,|„kk,ii.  ,11. 1   Mrti,)  .11  .  .,      IvK  nn 

j        /n    f </"»"»/  <«'    ')i,t  rli    li       an-i    hU    nrup       di    if,  1  iich  t n     h  ,1  U  ^  orr  I  i      1    tiU      I     ",1,11     nmrnin 

I  Hj>c{i  in  Krijir^  jionst  hij  Ik  t  ih  i  s(  he  !<  <rv . ,  ,v/.  o  /.  /,  ,/  ,    , ,/,  ,«,   ,.,  ,-.,„ 

/i"    no  ,,,,/,  f,d  Ip  h  I    urr         ,>  r  )   ,11  fin       1   t  ,  II  ,     ne  if,,  , ,  (  ,  „  I  ,m<  // 1  lU   >   ■  iiU  t  ,  ,    ij  ,  loiiln       j 

t  -f,    I        ,  I  I,  I  ,•<  p„  f     I'lrrnltff  diijunn    rli,  iiu  til  'j       '      I     <      >      o  >ri  11  nf  lih  i>  I  fiihttn 

'    '  *  / 1  iij-^/ii  I  I  }t      »  hphiinihl/l  II  Drill  1  < 

"»•'<••''•'"  <  11.  il    I    I  I    ntirj,*    I       t.»  >oor^<!.,l  \t  j  \  y-  t    i  '    !    <      i 

^  >    I  (1  >  1  1  <l    »i  Km  I    I,  tiiiiii  II)  J I  iiiii  ))i  mm  li  /•  ^t  1 1 

'•       '»  'I'lli  I   >i     »tii,lo,)<!      !  fn,tif     <i!i    iintoti     •.  iM     i     '^ 

'      '        /ill    ,    ,    rslp      I  U(i    1   ,     III)    i     j)     s>ii*»   itli    firiDlirli   i     .      s     (n  i 

^   i/'i   iih     n  I,  I    ixfiri   k  ml   1     ir     ontiji    lu'i   en  tiiu  'u    j      1     '  1    1    iit    t,  >     '1       1         ,t 

111    ithiiit    I  tutiirikli      II    n  qi '11,  it  film  In  uf)t,i  It  %n  li  iiin     'nil'       i 

I    !>»»  lid  Mpf  («  rl.  J  mi  III  I  VI  I  in  <|4)    njMti  1  n  «  >  ;ii(il  u  k  »m    li  1  -^l     lU*"'     xnultit-  1  >   rh        iK 

•(/    l»  (iilifi/    I   I'l  I    I  Ji   iff  lit  *      I    mil     IipHjtKi^'  Iilttot   >   11  !i  '  itr   I       t>  -I    It  «  I  lir(  il  i  *il   nn  ^ 

Lo!i  ti  I  i-ivufii  r  fi  .  I  mil  I  ij^  »|rill  i»  vull  i  1,.  „  ,  ^(  «  >•  I  t  M  tl  '  nj  1  Ici  of  t  tn 
'  h,  tr  ri  liii  1  I  I  (  ^f  4  IJ  hit  »(  (r  l«  il  I  (lit  )i  I  {iilst'if  m  I'lul  iii"  «!i  •>,!  tkiitiisl  ni  '  'in 
j  VI    i->t  t)  »  III  li  ^,  ijii,  i!,i   urn,  Ik,  »^   p  mi^  1)  i  kl    >  u  s,  w  ili^  It  1        I     1  ^  I    ,!-.      i  r  i  iv  u  t  u  it  U  \  >    *        1 

I  /      »ls  it  > )  J,  r  r.     *s  li  f»  i   hi  I     /n'  ( ii    li     >  rij         1  I    t  it    h  k  iiii  >       it  i    «»5  *"  i    ti  rtisd  '  !  f  4.   ♦  ■*  t 

i  H    I  ill    lliir^   (IK  rst,  p  , 

^  l>  I  il    u       lup(   nil  iiiPi)  *  t  1  17  (ill  'njaK  hti    ')ij  \i  r«<ll(^  r"'    1^  Imi  d  ih  r  ^     I     4 

tt     I  '  •  s  li  r  ^'Jli,     i       (I  ^,  rl  il<  II   III  }i( »  »l  >  III  III  I  11  ih  *i  1,  I  I  >  M  >      "HI     (J        I     1 

I**    t  i''(li  21  tuur  (    ri  kr  j,>.}»  p  <  til  « 11  tioiitii   fiitiitK   /ildMrxxii  %iraiil«<>o    )    »j'a 
;      <!.  ?>(l  di'  v<>r-!i.i.i|i  vaij  ilkoliiif  en  .illc  Htfrkif  tlr;iiik,ii  }{ins(  h  xilidtlfi  K 
[      "  !  •:!  (Iit  iiiTlx'i^pii  l»**p;j:i!(|  wordt  HiK-l^tuJi  1(1  Ojj  H  iiii     •»  i*o  d-        V         '• 

ip-  !•.  lie  >v«i!iii;t<^o  J(>  vrrlalcii  n;i  <lil  iiiir  lot  U  nut    t  <ii  "»  - 

..  ..,.,' icii  en  •'fliH'lvttitrra.iil,  (fj«>  ho^   vh  hIi  imli  i    /oif'       f  -i  h  '-'     <'    1 

<ik'  sii  r  iii:n'l<-ii  l>i;:iiciiiri!»r:idil  W()ril»;n  ten  Simlhu!/      >i' iii^'i  id/   <  ^(      1     I*t   it     1    >  1    I  u  I 

<s:ip -Kfi  /iilhi)  l.il.-r  ;iaii  liiKinn  iMiJpnaatS  t»TU({  bistiiii  m.ik!  i 
i.  r       .,1.  „.l,.,;,.,.  ,,Mi  di(  allc^  hclKMitft  dcini!iliiri>«T.  rli.id /*<!i  '    I.     Si**         •'    ri*>  1  !s  hu!--/!.  Is."-'  te 

du, 

>  r.  iiidiT-.  v;ui  rcisdijiv,!! /,f     iii   ill.   1'   N,  1    II.    >^  r   k|.iv(ji  k    ltd,  i    (i    0  it     '<  It  ii" 

,!-■  ,      :  ;   dt/rc  lu-sriiid  OU..lir,  vol!  di).(>  i  1  K.fh' «    A*    >    ht   s        duoio   iii<  I   •!    I  11  in -' >  (>» 

h,  ;  '.  t  j  i.nit!   ler  rhirrfii.  !>(•  aldiis  aari,  ^i  >«  11  dssift  n  itni^lfii.JiJl  ><  r  I  r  t<  I  "    i»  liim    1  '    *>it-' 

(.1  1    r.,-ii  if  fi.diMiiii- duix'ii  iin»»tcu,  iiK  I  ii|>^'M«  1  ui  1!  nYin^,  Uk  M  i  ilitH''     mi     )nnim  vntf  it  u 

<iiii  >,.N  .;    ..,,..  .ii.iakii-  lijsl  II'  «ordrn  ftt'^'^lirapl.  , 

I-       il  Ur  niil-ijtrhiqdfiifiiffiS'  ih'siriniiiiiiduii'ttiiinqpqirinflu  1  Pti  unifh  im  mslitnds  i/  -il  ii'tl  1  <td  n       .        ' 
.-    nnoroilriilrr.^  d'lznr  bii>-ilhit,vn  •mlliinjn.triiftuiiidm  »i,t  nuiin' ij'Ulm' 1 1 1»  ^f//^  »i>  t  1/  rni  ,^nini,i 

?:     hi    d.d.    lturijemPe»lor  der  Slad  rvrkliuirl  tillf  ili>>o  m /n„kuiyin,  omniddi-lhjk  u<i  d.  it,    ;  '  tU  ,    // dr  t  » 

%itriurlmiir   m    iirlioofit  van  nt   %ijne  ondcr/ioortgfm   sUpU  val  omtnq  tn  hrt  hflftnq  ih  r  ojit  ni  ni  f>  o,  dt  ptt    ^ 

■irrU'ghvid  in  uifl   hit   mivsl  otn   Itim  -^ijnc  taak  le  vi  tgi  m'ikk,  iijUn 
Trn  Stad\<uiii-  r/ifi  Lokiroii,  op  "ii      OkUii<ir  V^\  t  ^^ 

vu..  m  HEBBSaX. , 

From  the  town  of  Lokeren  alone  600  civilians  have  been  deported. 
From  the  canton   of  Lokeren  about  3,000  inhabitants   were  removed. 

104 


TRANSLATION. 

TOWN  OF  LOKEREN. 

THE    ACTING    BURGOMASTER    OF    THE    TOWN    OF    LOKEREN, 

By  order  and  with  the  approbation  of  the  German  Kommandantur  at  Lokeren,  informs 
the  inhabitants  that  : — 

"I.  It  is  highly  desirable  that  all  the  inhabitants  of  Lokeren  who  are  at  present  living 
out  of  the  town  should  re-establish  their  households  without  further  delay  and  come  quietly 
home  again.  The  German  authorities  wish  for  nothing  better  than  to  see  the  population 
begin  their  ordinary  work  again  as  soon  as  possible  and  to  settle  down  calmly.  They  further 
give  the  assurance  of  their  support  and  encouragement  to  all  the  inhabitants  who  act  upon 
this  advice. 

"Contrary  to  the  rumours  which  have  been  falsely  spread,  the  most  solemn  assurance 
is  hereby  given,  above  all,  to  all  men  of  military  age,  that  there  can  be  no  question  of  enrolling 
them  in  the  German  Arm^^  nor  of  depriving  them  of  their  liberty,  on  condition  that  they 
collaborate  in  the  maintenance  of  order,  as  behoves  good  citizens.  Only  those  men  who 
belong  to  the  Belgian  Army  will  be  treated  as  prisoners  of  war. 

"  2.  Through  the  good  offices  of  the  Acting  Burgomaster,  passports  may  be  procured 
from  the  German  Kommandantur  in  the  town. 

"  3.  With  a  view  to  the  return  of  the  inhabitants  from  the  Dutch  frontier  communes, 
passports  will  be  issued  to  persons  wishing  to  fetch  their  relations  back  from  these  communes. 
Again,  contrary  to  false  and  unfounded  rumours,  the  German  authorities  assure  to  all  a  safe 
and  unhindered  return  to  their  homes. 

"  4.  The  use  of  motor-cycles  and  motor-cars  is  strictly  forbidden.  Those  who  infringe 
this  regulation  will  be  liable  not  only  to  the  confiscation  of  their  vehicles,  but  also  to  the 
danger  arising  from  coming  too  near  to  the  German  sentinels  and  to  the  penalties  inflicted 
for  such  offence.  As  for  bicycles,  the  possessors  of  such  machines  may  procure  permits 
from  the  German  authorities.  This  concession  is  to  show  the  desire  for  conciliation  expressed 
above,  and  in  order  to  promote  the  rapid  renewal  of  commerce  and  industry.  As  has  already 
been  stated,  permits  may  be  obtained  at  the  Town  Hall,  through  the  intermediary  of  the 
Acting  Burgomaster. 

"5.  The  men  of  mihtary  age  (between  17  and  36)  are  hereby  warned  that  they  may 
not  remain  permanently  away  from  the  town.  Ofifenders  are  liable  to  be  charged  before  the 
military  tribunal,  and  their  famihes  will  be  held  responsible. 

"  6.     The  sale  of  alcohol  and  all  spirits  is  absolutely  forbidden. 

"7.  All  pubUc-houses  must  be  closed  at  8  p.m.  (Belgian  time),  and  the  inhabitants 
are  forbidden  to  go  out  of  their  houses  between  8  p.m.  and  6  a.m. 

"8.  All  arms  and  ammunition  still  existing  must  be  given  up  at  the  Town  Hall  before 
October  28th  at  latest.     Any  negUgence  in  this  respect  will  be  severely  punished. 

"The  arms  will  be  restored  later  to  their  owners.  In  order  to  ensure  the  scrupulous, 
observance  of  this  order,  the  military  authorities  retain  the  right  to  search  the  houses. 

"  9.  All  proprietors  or  possessors  of  carrier  pigeons,  or  of  any  kind  of  pigeon  which 
might  act  as  carrier  pigeon,  are  ordered  to  make,  by  October  28th  at  latest,  a  complete 
return  of  the  number  of  their  pigeons,  as  well  as  of  the  number  and  the  date  of  the  rings 
they  are  wearing.  The  pigeons  thus  registered  will  remain  until  further  notice  shut  up  in 
their  pigeon-cot.  Pigeons  which  have  died  or  been  killed  must  be  brought  to  the  Town 
Hall  and  their  rings  be  given  up,  so  that  they  may  be  crossed  off  the  list.  All  pigeons  wearing 
no  rings  or  not  declared  on  October  28th  must  be  immediately  killed. 

"Offenders  will  be  punished  with  a^heavy  fine  or  even  with  imprisonment. 

"The  Acting  Burgomaster  of  the  town  declares  that  all  these  measures  will  come  into 
force  immediately  after  the  posting  of  this  proclamation,  and  he  hopes  that  all  the  people 
under  his  jurisdiction  will  observe  them  strictly,  in  the  interests  of  order  and  of  public 
safety,  and  also  to  help  him  in  his  task. 

"  The  Acting  Burgomaster  of  the  Town  of  Lokeren, 

"  Toivn  Hall,  Lokeren,  October  24th,  1914.  "  L.  [...]  Herbert." 

105 


Printed  in  Great  Britain  by  The  Menpes  Printing  6-  Engraving  Co.,  Ltd., 
Craven  House,  Kingswcy,  London,  W.C.2. 


r 


RETURN     CIRCULATION  DEPARTMENT 

TO— ^-     202  Main  Library 


LOAN  PERIOD  1 
HOME  USE 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS 

m^^'t  f?  fn-''«»l'^"*'"^^^  "**  8^  ""^^  '  t>A^S  PRIOR  it)  DUE  DATE. 

DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW 


MAY  1 7  1990 


rpR  1.   1990 


CIRCULATION 


AUG  0  G  1992 


AUTO  DISC  CIRC 


JJLIS^ 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  BERKELEY 
FORM  NO.  DD6,  60m,  1  /83  BERKELEY,  CA  94720 


U.C.  BERKELEY  LIBRARI 

I 


C02Eb7b3m 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFORNIA  LIBRARY